Unit 4Unit 4Helping people Helping people around the worldaround the worldModule6重重 點點 短短 語語3、look up 查找，抬頭He looked up, but didnt see anything.他抬頭，卻什么也沒有看到。Can you look up the time of the next train?你查一查下一班火車的時間好嗎？重重 點點 短短 語語與look有關(guān)的詞組：look after 照管，照料look at 看望，注視look back 回顧，回頭看look down on 看不起，輕視look for 尋找，尋求look forward to 盼望，期待look in 順便看望重重 點點 短短 語語look into 調(diào)查，觀察，過問，窺視look on 旁觀，觀看；看待；視作look out (for) 留神，注意，提防，警惕look over 檢查，查看，調(diào)查look through 瀏覽，溫習look up 查閱；尋找(某人)look up to 尊敬，敬仰重重 點點 短短 語語 Is it good to _ every word when I come across it in reading? No, you dont have to because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.A. look into B. look outC. look up D. look over C 查找，查閱。重重 點點 短短 語語4、force sb. to do 強迫某人做Nobody can force me to do anything. 沒有人能強迫我做任何事。He forced the little boy to open the door. 他迫使這個小男孩打開門。重重 點點 短短 語語(1) 表示“使某人做”的表達方式還有：force sb. into doing； make sb. do； have sb. do； doby force等。同時，force sb. into / out of / onto等，其后可直接跟名詞。重重 點點 短短 語語I managed to force the truth out of him. 我設(shè)法迫使他說出了真相。Two young men forced_me_into_their_car. 兩個年輕人迫使我上了他們的車。(2) political / economic forces 政治 / 經(jīng)濟力量 the forces of nature 大自然的力量 the force of gravity 地球引力重重 點點 短短 語語5、辨析 if only， only if(1)if only 如果多好，要是就好了。常用虛擬語氣。If only one had an unlimited supply of money.要是能財源不斷就好了。(2)only if 只有當，只有在的時候。引導的是客觀條件狀語從句，若這個從句位于句首，主句需要用部分倒裝語序。重重 點點 短短 語語Only if I get a job in the summer will_I_have enough money to go on my education next term. 我只有在暑假打到一份工，下學期才會有足夠的學費(上學)。The company will succeed only_if it can have sufficient backing. 只有當這家公司獲得足夠的資助，它才會成功。重重 點點 短短 語語 _ a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the classroom.A. If only B. Only ifC. As if D. Even if B 根據(jù)后面的主句is a student allowed to運用了倒裝句可知，且全句的意思也是“只有當學生得到了老師的準許后才可以進入教室”。重重 點點 短短 語語6、break down 出毛病，不運轉(zhuǎn)；(身體)垮掉；瓦解，破除;中止,分解The workers are having a rest, as the machine is broken_down. 由于機器出了故障，工人們暫時在休息。You will one day break down if you are always working so hard. 如果你總是如此辛勤地勞動，總有一天會病倒的。重重 點點 短短 語語break away 突然離開break away from sb. 脫離,離開,背棄break forth 迸發(fā),爆發(fā),發(fā)泄break in 闖進,打斷break in/with/on 打斷某人的談話break into 闖入,侵占breakinto pieces 打碎break off 折斷,突然中斷;脫落;斷絕;解除重重 點點 短短 語語breakopen 撬開break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；叫嚷；使做準備，取出，倒空break through 突破break up 開墾,破碎,解散,分解break with sb. 與某人斷交break sb.s heart 使某人心碎重重 點點 短短 語語 Plastics and other similar rubbish that doesnt _ may be thrown into the sea anywhere.A. break down B. break awayC. break off D. break through A 根據(jù)短語的意思以及句中的意思“那些不易分解 / 打碎的垃圾”可知break down 為最佳答案。 重重 點點 短短 語語7、refer to 提到；涉及；描述；參考；歸功于 to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。refer過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式是referred, referred; referring。When I said someone was not so clever, I didnt refer to_you. 我說某人不夠聰明，我不是指你。重重 點點 短短 語語I would like to comment on the aspect referred_to in your article. 我想就你文章中提到的那個方面作一評論。Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability. 一些人把所有的問題歸因于運氣不好而不是能力不足。He never refers_himself_to_us when he has difficulties. 他有困難時從不求助于我們。重重 點點 短短 語語Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.A. direct to B. stick toC. lead to D. refer to B “決定一旦做出，我們所有人都應該堅持。”direct to“把(注意力、精力)貫注在上”；stick to“堅持、忠于”；lead to“通向、導致”；refer to“指；涉及；查閱；針對；提交作處理/決定；(把)歸因/歸功于；向求助”。根據(jù)句意，選B。重重 點點 短短 語語The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A. bringing up B. referring toC. looking for D. trying on B 句意：總統(tǒng)沒有看稿在商業(yè)會上演講近一個小時。句中的refer to是“參考”的意思。重重 點點 短短 語語8、under the umbrella of 在的保護下；在的管理下 The action was taken under the umbrella of the government.這個行動是在政府的保護下進行的。重重 點點 短短 語語under 表示“處于狀態(tài)”under way 在進行中under construction 在建設(shè)中under repair 在維修中under control 在控制中重重 點點 短短 語語_ the silence for the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.A. In B. ForC. Under D. Between A 介詞的固定搭配，意為“在短暫的沉默中”。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 1、The UN is an international group made up of countries that want to increase peace, and I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them. 聯(lián)合國是一個國際組織，由所有愿意促進和平的國家組成，我很高興入選聯(lián)合國的一名親善大使。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 此句是一個由and連接起來的兩個并列分句構(gòu)成的復合句。第一個分句的主句是the UN is an international group, made up of countries是動詞過去分詞作定語，修飾前面的international group; that want to increase peace是定語從句，修飾countries。 疑疑 難難 句句 型型 I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them是第二個分句。to have been chosen為不定式的完成式的被動式。當主語與不定式動詞有被動關(guān)系，且不定式所表示的動作又先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，動詞不定式就要用完成體的被動式。疑疑 難難 句句 型型The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_into many languages. 據(jù)說這本書被譯成很多種語言。He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year. 他因不到一年就丟了4部自行車而感到很傷心。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is said to be buying B. is said to have boughtC. had said to buy D. has said to have bought B 句意：據(jù)說列奧納多達芬奇將關(guān)在籠子里的鳥買下來，將鳥釋放從而獲得樂趣。不定式的完成式所表示的動作，通常在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 2、Watch any TV report on places where there is a war, and you will see soldiers wearing blue berets. 在發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的地方看電視報道，你會看到戴藍色貝雷帽的士兵。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 這是一個“祈使句and陳述句”的句型；這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，前面的“祈使句”相當于if 引導的條件句，表示“要是，(就會)”，表示該條件一旦實現(xiàn)，必須出現(xiàn)某一結(jié)果。Think hard and/ then/ and then youll have a good idea.If you think hard, youll have a good idea.好好想想，你就會有好主意的。疑疑 難難 句句 型型(1)如果表示“該條件實現(xiàn)不了，會出現(xiàn)其他結(jié)果”時，則用“祈使句or/ otherwise 陳述句”。Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise youll be late again. Unless you hurry up/If you dont hurry up, you will be late again. 快點！否則你會再次遲到的。(2)“名詞and陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞等于狀語從句，表示條件或時間。A word, and he would lose his temper. 說一句，他就會發(fā)脾氣的。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched B. To searchC. Searching D. Search D 句意：在你們市消防部門的網(wǎng)站上搜索，你就會學到很多消防知識。根據(jù)and連接兩個并列分句可知，and前面應該為一個祈使句，用動詞原形。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 _ and Ill get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour B 此題是“名詞and陳述句”句式，One more hour相當于If you give me one more hour。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse. 看起來這些人好像只需要說話，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作不只局限為一名護士。 seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看來”等，可作不及物動詞或系動詞。seem句型歸納如下：疑疑 難難 句句 型型(1) seem可與形容詞、名詞、不定式(短語)、分詞及介詞短語搭配。She seems quite happy today. 今天她似乎很高興。That seems a good idea. 那似乎是個好主意。He seems_to_be_thinking_about something.他似乎正在考慮某事。He seemed_pleased at what I said.聽了我的話，他似乎很高興。疑疑 難難 句句 型型They seemed in high spirits. 他們似乎情緒高漲。(2) seem常用于it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，即It seems / seemed that 表示“看來，似乎”。It seems that nobody knew what had happened.似乎沒人知道發(fā)生了什么事。(3) seem常用于由as if / though引導的從句中。在as if / though引起的從句中，如果說的是非真實的情況，從句謂語用虛擬語氣；如果所述的情況實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則從句的謂語常用陳述語氣。疑疑 難難 句句 型型It seems as if somebody is calling you. 好像有人在叫你。(陳述語氣) It seems as though he were very stupid.看來他似乎很笨。(虛擬語氣)(4) 用于There seems / seemed to be n(主語)中。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，seem表示“似乎有；看來有”。疑疑 難難 句句 型型There_seems_to_be a lot of things to do.It seems as if there were a lot of things to do.似乎有很多事情要做。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為“There seems / seemed to be no n”或“There doesnt / didnt seem to be n”。There doesnt seem to have been any difficulty on this question.在這個問題上似乎沒出現(xiàn)什么困難。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 _ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into colleges or universities.A. There B. ItC. What D. That A 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。此句將其簡化之后，就顯現(xiàn)出there be句型。在it seems to be 句型中，it是形式主語，而此句中沒有做真正主語的成分。句意：在中國高中學生錄取上大學似乎有很大的競爭。