三、任務(wù)型讀寫1(2013安徽高考安徽高考)閱讀下面短文閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。的單詞。注意注意: 每個空格只填一個單詞。每個空格只填一個單詞。Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether youre seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, youve got to move forward. Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情心情): Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120, 000 people how income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweeks Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships. ”Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: all may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(參與者參與者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn. The editors of forbes. com gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those whod shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those whod spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that its not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit. Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude. Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脫水脫水)affected the moods of its female participants. Title(1)for HappinessIntroductionYou will move(2)in the course of finding happiness. The findingsof(3) Some(4)toward happinessValue your relationshipsThe(5)happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships. (6) ourselfYou can gain happinessby singing aloud or talking to others. Spend money on othersYour spirit will be inspired by(7)the wealth. (8)on the positiveYour attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things. Drink waterIf a woman takes in enough water, her(9)of happiness may remain. ConclusionHappiness can be found if all(10)have been done. 【文章大意文章大意】介紹關(guān)于幸福感是什么介紹關(guān)于幸福感是什么, 如何尋找如何尋找幸福感。幸福感。1. Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)【解析解析】信息查找信息查找/概括題。第概括題。第1題所在部分為文章標題題所在部分為文章標題, 要能概要能概括全文內(nèi)容括全文內(nèi)容, 全文敘述的是有關(guān)幸福的話題全文敘述的是有關(guān)幸福的話題, 再根據(jù)再根據(jù)for Happiness, 還有文中的還有文中的In other words, whether youre seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, 可知選用可知選用Look(ing)/ Search(ing)/ Seek(ing)這些詞這些詞, 另外還請注意單詞首字另外還請注意單詞首字母的大小寫及動詞采用的形式母的大小寫及動詞采用的形式, 就標題而言就標題而言, 可用動詞原形或動可用動詞原形或動詞的詞的ing形式。形式。2. forward/ahead/on【解析解析】信息查找題。本題所用的詞匯在第一段中有提示信息查找題。本題所用的詞匯在第一段中有提示, youve got to move forward, 另根據(jù)表格中的形式還可用另根據(jù)表格中的形式還可用ahead /on等副詞來表示等副詞來表示“向前向前/繼續(xù)繼續(xù)”的意思。的意思。3. experts/researchers【解析解析】信息查找題。從文中第一段中信息查找題。從文中第一段中Weve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood, 以以及第二段中及第二段中Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked, 可知此處為專家或研究人員研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)可知此處為專家或研究人員研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。果。4. steps/ways【解析解析】信息查找題。從文中第一段最后一句話中信息查找題。從文中第一段最后一句話中and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood可知可知, 本空選用本空選用steps/ways, 而表格此處標題下方正好給出了而表格此處標題下方正好給出了5種方法或措施。種方法或措施。5. greatest【解析解析】信息概括題。根據(jù)文中第二段的信息概括題。根據(jù)文中第二段的The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships可知可知, 此處為此處為“最大的幸福最大的幸?！? 用形容詞最高級修用形容詞最高級修飾飾happiness。6. Express【解析解析】信息概括題。根據(jù)文中第三段信息概括題。根據(jù)文中第三段feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn的信息對比分析的信息對比分析, 可知性格外向、開朗會得到更多可知性格外向、開朗會得到更多的幸福的幸福, 正好與表格中的正好與表格中的You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others一致一致, 所以分析可知所以分析可知yourself為為“表達你自己表達你自己”, 再根據(jù)表格中再根據(jù)表格中6空所在列的其他標題可知空所在列的其他標題可知, 此此處應(yīng)用動詞原形處應(yīng)用動詞原形, 所以用所以用express, 注意該單詞首字母要大寫。注意該單詞首字母要大寫。7. sharing【解析解析】信息加工題。從文中第四段中信息加工題。從文中第四段中Those whod shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day, 可知選用可知選用share一詞一詞, 但要完成表格但要完成表格, 還應(yīng)注意還應(yīng)注意7空前為介詞空前為介詞by, 所以用所以用sharing。8. Focus/Concentrate【解析解析】信息概括題。從全文倒數(shù)第二段全段意思以及表格信息概括題。從全文倒數(shù)第二段全段意思以及表格中后一部分的中后一部分的when you fix your attention on good things可推可推知知8空應(yīng)為空應(yīng)為“關(guān)注關(guān)注/聚焦聚焦”一些積極的事情一些積極的事情, 所以用短語所以用短語“focus/concentrate on”。9. feeling/mood/sense【解析解析】信息概括題。從全文內(nèi)容可推知信息概括題。從全文內(nèi)容可推知, 主要講述尋找幸福主要講述尋找幸福感感(sense of happiness)。10. these/those【解析解析】信息概括題。根據(jù)信息概括題。根據(jù)10空前的標題空前的標題Conclusion以及上以及上面陳述的面陳述的5 steps/ways, 可推知結(jié)論為可推知結(jié)論為“假如所有這些事情都假如所有這些事情都被做到了被做到了, 那將會找到幸福那將會找到幸?！薄?(2012安徽高考安徽高考)閱讀下面短文閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。的單詞。注意注意: 每個空格只填一個單詞。每個空格只填一個單詞。Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way. How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact(接觸接觸)at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect. Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldnt wear. In Muslim countries, you shouldnt reveal(顯顯露露)the body, especially women, who should wear long blouses and skirts. In Korea, you should take off your shoes when entering a house. Remember to place them neatly together where you came in. In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is a time to relax, and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to. Title: Good(1) AspectCountryCustom(2)_ America Japan Thailand Shaking hands firmly (3)to show respect Pressing both hands together at the chestDressing (4) countries Korea Wearing long blouses and skirts Taking off your shoes at the(5) Eating Spain Mexico (7) Having a light breakfast and a late dinner Relaxing while having(6) Holding a business meeting over breakfastDoingbusiness Most countries China Exchanging business cards when(8)yourself Presenting a card to a person(9)its front facing himConclusion: When traveling(10), we should follow local customs. 【文章大意文章大意】主要介紹不同國家的風俗習慣主要介紹不同國家的風俗習慣, 如問候、穿如問候、穿著、餐桌文化及商務(wù)場合的交際禮儀著、餐桌文化及商務(wù)場合的交際禮儀, 提醒旅行者應(yīng)該入鄉(xiāng)隨提醒旅行者應(yīng)該入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。俗。1. Manners/manners/Behavior/behavior【解析解析】綜合概括題。提取各段主題句綜合概括題。提取各段主題句, 整合提煉后可知本語整合提煉后可知本語篇主要介紹不同國家的風俗習慣篇主要介紹不同國家的風俗習慣, 如問候、穿著、餐桌文化及如問候、穿著、餐桌文化及商務(wù)場合的交際禮儀。商務(wù)場合的交際禮儀。2. Greeting【解析解析】綜合概括題。根據(jù)第二段主題句綜合概括題。根據(jù)第二段主題句“How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? ”和和“. . . people greet each other. . . ”, 綜合提煉后可知本段介紹不同國綜合提煉后可知本段介紹不同國家的人初次見面的問候情況。家的人初次見面的問候情況。3. Bowing【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段“. . . the deeper you should bow”, 結(jié)合本單元格中另外兩項結(jié)合本單元格中另外兩項, 可知應(yīng)用可知應(yīng)用Bowing。4. Muslim【 解 析解 析 】 信 息 篩 選 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 三 段信 息 篩 選 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 三 段 “ I n M u s l i m countries. . . ”, 篩選出信息詞篩選出信息詞Muslim。5. entrance/door【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。提取第三段信息整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。提取第三段信息“In Korea, you should take off your shoes when entering a house”, 根據(jù)表格根據(jù)表格形式要求將形式要求將entering轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成entrance/door。6. lunch【解析解析】信息篩選題。根據(jù)第四段信息篩選題。根據(jù)第四段In Mexico, lunch is a time to relax. . . , 篩選出單詞篩選出單詞lunch。7. Britain/England/the UK【解析解析】信息篩選題。根據(jù)第四段信息篩選題。根據(jù)第四段In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 可知此處應(yīng)填可知此處應(yīng)填Britain/England/the UK。8. introducing【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。此處為整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。此處為when doing sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu), 根據(jù)最根據(jù)最后一段后一段In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. 可知可知introducing符合題意。符合題意。9. with【解析解析】信息篩選題。根據(jù)文章最后一句信息篩選題。根據(jù)文章最后一句In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to. , 篩選出有效信息詞篩選出有效信息詞with。10. abroad/about/around/worldwide【解析解析】綜合概括題。根據(jù)單詞綜合概括題。根據(jù)單詞travel的搭配情況的搭配情況, 此處應(yīng)用此處應(yīng)用副詞副詞, 通過對第一段中的通過對第一段中的“all corners of the world和和global”及及各段的主題信息進行概括可知答案。各段的主題信息進行概括可知答案。3(2011安徽高考安徽高考)閱讀下面短文閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。的單詞。注意注意: 每個空格只填一個單詞。每個空格只填一個單詞。If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our schools should teach. Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners. Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning. Were likely to accept something we are told, but thats not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的批判性的)thinking. Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke. All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us. How will we test students on these? We cant. But thats not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it. ”TitleVery Useful(1) IntroductionEducation should be a(2)for life. AdviceImportant things should be taught in(3). Teaching(4) How to behave(5) The basic skill of(6)money How to(7)in a critical way How to keep(8)_ The rights and responsibilities one has in(9) ConclusionChildren should be taught what(10)is and how to deal with it. 【文章大意文章大意】本文旨在說明一個問題本文旨在說明一個問題, 就是教育的目的應(yīng)就是教育的目的應(yīng)該是為生活做準備。本文意在說明教育的功能該是為生活做準備。本文意在說明教育的功能, 及我們在教育及我們在教育過程中應(yīng)該注意的方面。過程中應(yīng)該注意的方面。1. Teaching/Education/Schooling【解析解析】信息篩選題。由文章第一段可知答案。本空只要填信息篩選題。由文章第一段可知答案。本空只要填和和“教育教育”含義有關(guān)的詞匯即可。含義有關(guān)的詞匯即可。2. preparation【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由. . . the function of education is to prepare us for life可知答案。答此題時注意空前有冠詞可知答案。答此題時注意空前有冠詞a, 故故應(yīng)用名詞應(yīng)用名詞preparation。3. school(s)【解析解析】信息篩選題。由句子信息篩選題。由句子Here is what our schools should teach. 可知答案。答此題時注意單復數(shù)即可。可知答案。答此題時注意單復數(shù)即可。4. Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics【解析解析】綜合概括題。句子綜合概括題。句子Here is what our schools should teach. 和以下各段分別說明教育的和以下各段分別說明教育的“內(nèi)容內(nèi)容, 科目科目”等等, 本空只本空只要切合這個含義即可。要切合這個含義即可。5. politely/properly/well【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由句子整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由句子Politeness is a mark of civilization. 可知答案。注意本空應(yīng)根據(jù)可知答案。注意本空應(yīng)根據(jù)Politeness選擇含義選擇含義; 根據(jù)根據(jù)behave選擇副詞形式。選擇副詞形式。6. managing【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段. . . we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning可知答案?？芍鸢?。注意此空前的介詞注意此空前的介詞of, 故填故填managing。7. think【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由句子整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。由句子If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical thinking. 可知答案。注意此可知答案。注意此空前的不定式空前的不定式to, 故填故填think。8. healthy/fit【解析解析】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段Children should learn to take care of their health. , 此空在動詞此空在動詞keep后后, 應(yīng)該用形容詞應(yīng)該用形容詞healthy(或或fit), 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。9. society【解析解析】信息篩選題。由句子信息篩選題。由句子All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. 可知答案。可知答案。10. life【解析解析】信息篩選題。由句子信息篩選題。由句子“This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it. ”可知答案?？芍鸢?。熱點考向熱點考向 1 信息篩選題信息篩選題1. 命題特點命題特點: (1)試題與原文句型結(jié)構(gòu)大都有變化。試題與原文句型結(jié)構(gòu)大都有變化。(2)可以直接篩選查找出相應(yīng)原詞。可以直接篩選查找出相應(yīng)原詞。2. 解題技巧解題技巧: 信息篩選題是基礎(chǔ)題目信息篩選題是基礎(chǔ)題目, 一般可以直接通過將表格和短文進行一般可以直接通過將表格和短文進行對照對照, 邊讀文章邊找出試題的相關(guān)信息邊讀文章邊找出試題的相關(guān)信息, 有時試題和原文句型有時試題和原文句型句式不同句式不同, 需進行簡單的邏輯推理然后找到相應(yīng)單詞需進行簡單的邏輯推理然后找到相應(yīng)單詞, 直接填直接填入篩選出的原詞。入篩選出的原詞?！镜淅淅?2012安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to. 表格表格: Presenting a card to a person(84)its front facing him. 【點撥點撥】根據(jù)表格句型結(jié)構(gòu)明確此處必填介詞根據(jù)表格句型結(jié)構(gòu)明確此處必填介詞, 然后從中找出然后從中找出相關(guān)詞相關(guān)詞present your card及及presenting a card和和facing篩選出單篩選出單詞詞with。(2011安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it. 表格表格: Children should be taught what(85)is and how to deal with it. 【點撥點撥】表格中的句子對原文進行了改變表格中的句子對原文進行了改變, 通過句意和意群通過句意和意群how to deal with it在原文中找到在原文中找到how you deal with it及其全句及其全句篩選出單詞篩選出單詞life。熱點考向熱點考向 2 整合轉(zhuǎn)換題整合轉(zhuǎn)換題1. 命題特點命題特點: (1)不能直接篩選出原詞不能直接篩選出原詞, 但可以找出同根詞或同類意義的句型。但可以找出同根詞或同類意義的句型。(2)要求考生變化詞形時要注意保持同一單元格或上下單元格要求考生變化詞形時要注意保持同一單元格或上下單元格的一致性。的一致性。 2. 解題技巧解題技巧: 整合轉(zhuǎn)換題是典型的信息二次加工題型整合轉(zhuǎn)換題是典型的信息二次加工題型, 需要考生有基本的構(gòu)需要考生有基本的構(gòu)詞法知識詞法知識, 對句子成分和詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系要明確。做題時對句子成分和詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系要明確。做題時, 不不但要找到與試題相關(guān)的句子信息但要找到與試題相關(guān)的句子信息, 還要根據(jù)詞法和句法知識以還要根據(jù)詞法和句法知識以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進行加工及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進行加工, 從而提煉出新詞?？杉毞譃槿鐝亩釤挸鲂略~?？杉毞譃槿缦聝煞N情況下兩種情況: (1)詞形整合轉(zhuǎn)換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當?shù)木渥映稍~形整合轉(zhuǎn)換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當?shù)木渥映煞植煌植煌? 因而需在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換。因而需在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等之間進行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如例如: 【典例典例】(2011安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: Politeness is a mark of civilization. 表格表格: How to behave(80) politely. 【點撥點撥】根據(jù)文意首先找到關(guān)聯(lián)信息句根據(jù)文意首先找到關(guān)聯(lián)信息句, 通過比照找到關(guān)鍵詞。通過比照找到關(guān)鍵詞。原句中的原句中的politeness是名詞是名詞, 轉(zhuǎn)換后成為動詞轉(zhuǎn)換后成為動詞behave的修飾語的修飾語, 故應(yīng)為副詞形式故應(yīng)為副詞形式politely。這是典型的詞性和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的例子。這是典型的詞性和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的例子。(2012安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: . . . the deeper you should bow表格表格: (78)Bowing to show respect【點撥點撥】原文中找到信息詞原形動詞原文中找到信息詞原形動詞bow后后, 再參看單元格其再參看單元格其他項他項, 應(yīng)填寫應(yīng)填寫B(tài)owing。注意單元格內(nèi)要保持結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性。句。注意單元格內(nèi)要保持結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性。句首字母要大寫。首字母要大寫。(2)句型整合轉(zhuǎn)換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到句型整合轉(zhuǎn)換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到同根詞同根詞, 無法獲取單詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換無法獲取單詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換, 需在短文中通過語境找到相需在短文中通過語境找到相應(yīng)表達句應(yīng)表達句, 根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如: 【典例典例】(2010安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative. 表格表格: A difficult person will be(84) easier to cooperate with if understanding is achieved. 【點撥點撥】原文中原文中l(wèi)ess difficult的近義為的近義為easier。3. 轉(zhuǎn)換原則轉(zhuǎn)換原則(1)保持表格內(nèi)詞性、大小寫和語法運用上的一致性。同保持表格內(nèi)詞性、大小寫和語法運用上的一致性。同一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式。一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式?！镜淅淅?2012安徽高考安徽高考) (77) America Japan Thailand Shaking hands firmly (78)to show respect Pressing both hands together at the chest【點撥點撥】觀察此表觀察此表, 發(fā)現(xiàn)右欄單元格內(nèi)均為發(fā)現(xiàn)右欄單元格內(nèi)均為v. -ing形式形式, 故故78題題也應(yīng)填上也應(yīng)填上v. -ing形式為宜。由于其他句首均大寫形式為宜。由于其他句首均大寫, 故故78題也應(yīng)題也應(yīng)首字母大寫。首字母大寫。(2)善用同義詞和反義詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如善用同義詞和反義詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如: Most workers were for/were in favor of/stood for the decision. = Most workers supported the decision. (同義詞同義詞)They found the problem was not easy, so they decided to turn to the professor. = Finding they couldnt solve the difficult problem, they consulted the professor. (反義詞反義詞)(3)正確使用構(gòu)詞法。正確使用構(gòu)詞法?！镜淅淅?2011安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: . . . the function of education is to prepare us for life. 表格表格: Education should be a(77)preparation for life. 【點撥點撥】學好構(gòu)詞法是做好任務(wù)型讀寫題的知識準備。本題學好構(gòu)詞法是做好任務(wù)型讀寫題的知識準備。本題原文中原文中prepare是動詞原形是動詞原形, 而表格中要求填寫名詞而表格中要求填寫名詞, 故加上后故加上后綴綴-tion進行構(gòu)詞。進行構(gòu)詞。(4)熟練運用語法句型轉(zhuǎn)換。熟練運用語法句型轉(zhuǎn)換。【典例典例】(2011安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: . . . but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. 表格表格: The basic skill of(81)managing money. 【點撥點撥】原文中的原文中的manage是動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu), 使用的是動詞使用的是動詞原形原形, 而表格中的空格位置是介詞的賓語而表格中的空格位置是介詞的賓語, 應(yīng)使用名詞、動名應(yīng)使用名詞、動名詞詞, 故應(yīng)該用故應(yīng)該用managing。這是典型的語法句型和詞性、詞形轉(zhuǎn)。這是典型的語法句型和詞性、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的例子。換的例子?？傊傊? 句型轉(zhuǎn)換比較難以掌握句型轉(zhuǎn)換比較難以掌握, 平時要多觀察、多總結(jié)、平時要多觀察、多總結(jié)、多記憶多記憶, 并經(jīng)常用翻譯法訓練并經(jīng)常用翻譯法訓練, 包括一句多譯包括一句多譯, 詞句替換等形式。詞句替換等形式。熱點考向熱點考向 3綜合概括題綜合概括題 1. 命題特點命題特點: 所填詞匯有兩種情況所填詞匯有兩種情況, 一種是綱領(lǐng)性詞匯一種是綱領(lǐng)性詞匯, 具有總括性具有總括性, 一般位一般位于表格的第一行或第一列于表格的第一行或第一列; 另一種是對短文中某些句子或段落另一種是對短文中某些句子或段落的綜合與概括。的綜合與概括。2. 解題技巧解題技巧: 綜合概括題要求考生對全文結(jié)構(gòu)或段落意義進行總體把握綜合概括題要求考生對全文結(jié)構(gòu)或段落意義進行總體把握, 通通過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點, 從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。【典例典例】(2011安徽高考安徽高考)TitleVery Useful(76) IntroductionEducation should be a(77)for life. AdviceImportant things should be taught in(78) Teaching(79) How to behave(80)_ The basic skill of(81)money How to(82)in a critical way How to keep(83) The rights and responsibilities one has in(84) ConclusionChildren should be taught what(85)is and how to deal with it. 【點撥點撥】根據(jù)表格中左列上下單元格根據(jù)表格中左列上下單元格(Title, Introduction, Advice, Conclusion)進行對照可知進行對照可知79題應(yīng)填寫概括性詞匯題應(yīng)填寫概括性詞匯, 再再通過該單元格右欄通過該單元格右欄5點信息進行綜合概括點信息進行綜合概括, 結(jié)合原文句子結(jié)合原文句子Here is what our schools should teach和以下各段內(nèi)容可知是談和以下各段內(nèi)容可知是談“教教育的內(nèi)容或話題育的內(nèi)容或話題”, 故使用故使用Contents/ contents/ Subjects/ subjects/ Topics/ topics。3. 常見的概括性詞匯常見的概括性詞匯總結(jié)、概括總結(jié)、概括: conclusion, summary建議建議: suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation影響影響: effect, influence, impact印象印象: impression因果因果: reason, cause; result, consequence成敗成敗: success, achievement, victory, triumph; failure, defeat利弊利弊: advantage & disadvantage異同異同: difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equality優(yōu)點優(yōu)點: advantage, strong point, strength, virtue, convenience缺點缺點: disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback利益、好處利益、好處: good, benefit, interest, profit, gain錯誤錯誤: mistake, error, fault質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)質(zhì)量、品質(zhì): quality, virtue數(shù)量數(shù)量: quantity, amount, number目的目的: purpose, aim, goal, objective方法方法: way, means, method, approach, solution, manner措施措施: measure, action行為、活動行為、活動: action, behavior, conduct, activity步驟步驟: step, stage, process, procedure頻率、頻度頻率、頻度: frequency, rate程度程度: degree, level, extent觀點、意見觀點、意見: opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint想法想法: idea, thought, thinking(無無)意識意識: (un)awareness, (un)consciousness原理、原則、規(guī)律原理、原則、規(guī)律: theory, principle, law, rule意義意義: importance, significance, meaning, sense價值價值: value態(tài)度態(tài)度: attitude, manner感覺感覺: feeling, emotion, motivation同意、正面同意、正面: agreement, positive, pros, approval, favor, support反對、反面反對、反面: disagreement, negative, cons, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection要求、需求要求、需求: demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim問題問題: question, problem, issue答案答案: answer, key, solution, result反應(yīng)反應(yīng): response, reaction變化變化: change比較比較: comparison, contrast評價評價: comment, evaluation, remark, assessment特點特點: feature, character, characteristic種類種類: kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description等級等級: grade, rank, degree, class風俗、習慣風俗、習慣: custom, habit, manner慣例慣例: practice, routine, usage規(guī)則、規(guī)定規(guī)則、規(guī)定: rule, regulation主題、話題主題、話題: theme, subject, topic標題標題: title, headline, heading作用、功能作用、功能: use, usage, function關(guān)系、聯(lián)系關(guān)系、聯(lián)系: relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact來源、歷史來源、歷史: origin, history, source事實、現(xiàn)實事實、現(xiàn)實: fact, reality, actuality情況、狀況情況、狀況: thing, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state說明說明: explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction, illustration介紹介紹: introduction, presentation定義定義: definition描述性詞匯描述性詞匯: length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price易錯點易錯點 1整合轉(zhuǎn)換時詞性變化錯誤整合轉(zhuǎn)換時詞性變化錯誤 (母題母題)(2012安徽高考安徽高考)原文原文: In Korea, you should take off your shoes whenentering a house. 表格表格: Taking off your shoes at the(80)entrance/door. (變式變式)原文原文: The girl was playing the violin in the park with a beautiful manner, which attracted many passers-by. 表格表格: Many passers-by were attracted to watch the girl who was playing the violin beautifully in the park. 【誤區(qū)點撥誤區(qū)點撥】整合轉(zhuǎn)換題的易錯點主要有兩點整合轉(zhuǎn)換題的易錯點主要有兩點, 一是關(guān)鍵信息詞找錯一是關(guān)鍵信息詞找錯, 二是二是詞性、詞形變錯。母題中提取信息詞詞性、詞形變錯。母題中提取信息詞entering, 再根據(jù)表格形再根據(jù)表格形式要求將式要求將entering轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成entrance/door。變式題中原文是名詞。變式題中原文是名詞的修飾語的修飾語, 應(yīng)用形容詞應(yīng)用形容詞, 而表格中則變成了而表格中則變成了playing the violin的的修飾語修飾語, 應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。 易錯點易錯點 2 讀表誤判概括性詞匯讀表誤判概括性詞匯 (母題母題)(2011安徽高考安徽高考)Teaching(79) How to behave(80) The basic skill of(81)money How to(82)in a critical way How to keep(83) The rights and responsibilities one has in(84) (變式變式)(2009安徽高考安徽高考)Nadias(80) She wants to become a nurse in the Unite