Part 1 Of 21. come true 指愿望實現(xiàn),預言成真,不可用于被動語態(tài) His wish to be an actor has come true. 他想當演員的愿望實現(xiàn)了。 與come true 同義的有realize, 但它是及物動詞,可用于被動語態(tài)。She worked hard to realize her dream.她為了實現(xiàn)她的夢想而努力工作。2. cause, reason與excuse 三個詞都可以作名詞，cause是自然造成某種結果的原因；reason指在事實的基礎上通過邏輯判斷出來的理由，常與for短語連用；excuse表示“辯解，借口”，指為某一行為所做的解釋，可以是真的，也可以是托詞。make up an excuse 編造一個借口Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太多并不是不學習的借口。Heart trouble is one of the most serious causes of death among old people.心臟病是導致老年人死亡的最重要的原因之一。(不用reason)The reason (why) I was absent yesterday is that I was sick.我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。(不用cause)We have no reason to disbelieve him.我們沒有理由不相信他。(不用cause)cause可用作動詞，cause trouble to/for peoplecause people trouble表示“給人帶來麻煩”， cause the patient much pain(使病人感到疼痛)，也可用 cause sb. to do這一結構。The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up.干旱使得蔬菜價格上漲。reason可以作動詞，意為“推理，推論，評理，勸說”。1. 起火的原因是不謹慎。The _ of the fire was carelessness.2. 那些植物死于何種原因？What _ the plants _ die?3. 我的電腦給我?guī)砗芏嗦闊?。My computer has _.4. 我遲到的原因是誤了車。_ Im late is that I missed the bus.【答案】1. cause2. caused; to3. caused me a lot of troubles4. The reason why3. affect v. 影響,作用；感動 The climate affected his health. 氣候影響了他的健康。 effect n. 結果,影響,效果 請比較以下兩句：How do you think the changes will affect you?你認為這些變化會如何影響你？What effect do you think the changes will have on you?你認為這些變化會給你帶來怎樣的影響？1. 這個悲慘的消息使他非常難過。He _ by the sad news.2. 老師說的一定會對我們的將來有很大影響。What the teacher said will _ our future.3. 我們的努力開始見效了。Our efforts are beginning _.4. 下周開始實行新的管制。New controls _ next week.【答案】1. was much affected2. have a great effect on3. to have / take an effect4. will bring into effect 4. offer vt. 提供,提出某物供考慮;出價offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物offer sth. for =offer for sth. 給某物開出了的價錢,某物要價offer to do 自愿提出幫忙、資助、要求等offer ones hand 伸出手和某人握手offer ones hand in marriage 向女子求婚She offered a reward for the return of her lost necklace.她為尋回遺失的項鏈提出以酬金答謝。She has offered 10,000 pounds for that house.她已經(jīng)出價10,000英鎊買那棟房子。 He always offers to help the others. 他總是樂意幫助別人。 Mother came towards me, smiled and offered her hand. 母親走向我，微笑著并且伸出她的手。n. 開出的價錢,如：a special offer。1. 美國有份工作要聘請我去做。 _2. 他出300美元買我那臺電腦。 _I have been offered a job in America.He offered me 300 dollars for that computer.5. feel like 想(干某事),愿意(做某事) 后面常接名詞或動名詞形式,不能接不定式, 此處like是介詞,不是動詞。 I dont feel like swimming very much today. 今天我不太想游泳。除feel like doing sth.以外,還可以用以下結構表示“愿意干”：would like to do sth. 愿意做某事 would like后面常接不定式,不接動名詞。 I would like to have a talk with you. 我想和你談談would prefer to do 接不定式 I would prefer to study alone home than study in groups. 我寧愿自己單獨在家學習也不愿進行小組學習。 6. suggest v.建議；表明；暗示suggest作建議講時后接名詞、動名詞或that從句，that從句要用虛擬語氣should動詞原形(should可以省略)；向某人建議某事用“suggest sth. to sb.”。I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建議將運動會延期。當suggest表示“說明，表明，暗示”時，不用虛擬語氣。His expression suggests that he didnt sleep well last night.他的臉色說明他昨晚沒睡好。名詞suggestion后的表示具體建議內(nèi)容的表語從句或同位語從句以及It is suggested that的that從句都應用should動詞原形，should可以省略。My suggestion is that the work should be started at once.我的建議是立即動工。1. 他向我們建議用另外一種方式來處理這個問題。He suggested to us that _ the problem another way.2. 有人建議我們在晚會上演一個短劇。_ we put on a short play at the party. 【答案】1. we should deal with2. Its suggested that7. be situated on / in, be located in / on與lie in 以上三個短語都表示“某物位于位置”。 Guangdong is situated in the south of China. Guangdong is located in the south of China. Guangdong lies in the south of China. 關于地理位置的表達,不同的方位用不同的介詞,以下就常用介詞進行講解：介詞 in, on, to都可以用來表示某個位置的方向,它們的意義不同,故表示的方向及范圍也不同： in表示方位,含義是“在之內(nèi)”,即一個小地方處在一個大地方的范圍(疆域)之內(nèi)。Inner Mongolia lies in the north of China. 內(nèi)蒙古在中國的北部。(內(nèi)蒙古是中國北部的一個省份,是中國的領土,在中國的疆域之內(nèi)。)on表示方位,含義是“在端/邊”,即一個地方在另一個地方的某一端或某一邊,兩個地方只是相鄰或接壤,互不管轄。Canada is on the north of America. 加拿大在美國的北邊。(加拿大與美國在地理位置上是連在一起的,即兩者相鄰,卻互不管轄) 表示某個地方的地理位置時,be situated, lie 以及 be located 的意義是一樣的,可以互換使用。 to表示方位,含義是“在面”,即一個地方在另一個地方的范圍之外,互不管轄。尤其當兩個地方相隔較遠,且有湖泊、大海等區(qū)域相隔時,通常用 to。Greenland is to the northeast of Canada. 格陵蘭島在加拿大的東北面。(格陵蘭島在加拿大范圍之外,且有戴維斯海峽分隔。)