英語外外 研研 版版語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)第二部分專題七動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)專題七動詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)1 1考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析2 2真題體驗(yàn)真題體驗(yàn)3 3知識清單知識清單6 6即學(xué)鞏固即學(xué)鞏固4 4考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示5 5易錯(cuò)把脈易錯(cuò)把脈考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 透透 析析 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是語法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過最常考的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，以及一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還常與非謂語動詞一起考查，做語法填空題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個(gè)方面。 其次，在確定謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從三個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行判斷： 1看句子中的時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句。 2在沒有時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，要看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。 3看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：Suddenly，he _(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭侵v述的過去的故事，故應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在寫作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時(shí)態(tài)，會使文章更鮮明、生動，更能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生的英語運(yùn)用功底。found 真真 題題 體體 驗(yàn)驗(yàn) 1(2016新課標(biāo)，62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I_臺河(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 解析：句意：在這個(gè)占地六百英畝的中心，我被允許靠近這些可愛的動物。由語境可知作者被允許接近這些動物，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。 2(2016新課標(biāo)，62)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 解析：句意：真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中國特色的金或銀制成的。make和chopsticks之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，空格前有might，所以用be made。was allowed be made 3(2016四川，61)The giant panda_(love) by people throughout the world. 解析：句意：大熊貓被全世界人民所喜愛。主語the giant panda和動詞love構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。 4(2016四川，69)Then, after two and a half years, the mother_ (drive) the young panda away. 解析：句意：然后，兩年半之后這位母親趕走了熊貓寶寶。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。is loved drove 5(2016浙江，5)While online shopping_(change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. 解析：句意：盡管網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但是并不是所有的影響都是積極的。主語是online shopping，結(jié)合語境以及后面的have been可知，這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 6(2016浙江，9)Silk_(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 解析：句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC是時(shí)間狀語，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)到公元前100年為止，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。has changed had become 7(2016北京，21)Jack_(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 解析：句意：杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作的時(shí)候突然停電了。本句使用了be doing sth.when.句式，表示“正在做某事，突然”，此時(shí)主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 8(2016北京，23)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. We_(wait) here for more than two hours. 解析：句意：對不起，你們在等什么電影？新版的星球大戰(zhàn)。我們在這里等了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語判斷，語境表示在過去很長時(shí)間里一直在做某事，并且還將繼續(xù)，此時(shí)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。was working have been waiting 9(2016北京，25)I_(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. 解析：句意：這本英語小說我已經(jīng)讀了一半，這個(gè)周末我將盡力把它讀完。語境表示“已經(jīng)讀了一半”，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生并且對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作。 10(2016北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_(reward) with success in the end. 解析：句意：這些學(xué)生一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力最終會以成功作為回報(bào)。由語境可知，學(xué)生的努力會得到回報(bào)是將來的動作，故用一般將來時(shí)；reward和their efforts之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。have read will be rewarded 11(2016天津，3)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I_(see) for years. 解析：句意：在街上散步時(shí)，我偶遇了大衛(wèi)。我已經(jīng)很多年沒見過他了。“我很多年沒見過他”發(fā)生在came across之前，表示“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。hadnt seen 知知 識識 清清 單單 .動詞的時(shí)態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作客觀真理在某些狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)We always care for each other and help each other.We have 3 classes a day.The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般過去時(shí)過去的動作或狀態(tài)過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作在狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)態(tài)We had a test yesterday.We often played together when we were children.He told us he read an interesting novel last night.She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時(shí)will/shall do表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動作表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定will在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中表意愿I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine.We will die without air or water.My grandmother will be 90 years old next year.Shell tell you if you ask her.be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備表將來，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中Im going to stay at home tomorrow.The little boy is going to learn how to play football.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時(shí)be to do表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.You are to report to the police.be about to do表示“即刻；就要”，一般不與時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句連用Autumn harvest is about to start.He is about to leave for Beijing.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示過去將來時(shí)用would do，was/were going to do sth.表過去將來was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過去將來常用于賓語從句和間接引語中，表示過去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)I knew you would agree.He said he was going to come with us.He said the meeting was to be held the next week.I was about to leave when he came in.He said he would wait until they came back.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃表示趨向行為的動詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語氣He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.The National Day is coming.He is always helping others.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動作表示某一動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動作正在進(jìn)行It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響表示某一動作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)He has gone to Shanghai.I have learnt English for three years.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示過去完成時(shí)haddone表示“過去的過去”表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者h(yuǎn)oped/planned.to have done過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.That was the first time that he had visited Australia.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作多與all the time，this week，all night等時(shí)間狀語，以及for和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用They have been living here for three years.He has been doing the maths problems since 800. .動詞的被動語態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)用法典句例示被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done一般過去時(shí)was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done過去完成時(shí)had been done一般將來時(shí)will be done情態(tài)動詞can/may/must be done不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者動作的執(zhí)行者有較長的修飾語出于禮貌，不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者Rice is grown in South China.The glass was broken yesterday.The project is being carried out.This road was being built this time last year.This novel has been translated into 3 languages.When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 警警 示示 1下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。 (3)表示一時(shí)性、非延續(xù)性動作的動詞，如allow，accept，permit等。 (4)表示感官的動詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 2always，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如： The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個(gè)女孩老是當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 3只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞也沒有被動語態(tài)。 4以下情況常用主動形式表示被動含義。 (1)系動詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)。如： The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如： The fish is cooking. 魚正在煮。易易 錯(cuò)錯(cuò) 把把 脈脈典題精選我來改正常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)(2015浙江高考)In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.(2016石家莊市一模)When English is an only language in class, students will have more opportunity to practise listening and speaking. However，there were problems with this method.is_were_(1)上下文中時(shí)態(tài)不一致若上下文敘述的是同一件事情，則時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)具有一致性。若上下文是一般過去時(shí)，則同樣用一般過去時(shí)；若上下文是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則同樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。was are 典題精選我來改正常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)(2014陜西高考)Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.去掉_drank_(2)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用常見錯(cuò)誤類型有：系動詞和不及物動詞(短語)沒有被動語態(tài)，誤把系動詞和不及物動詞(短語)當(dāng)作及物動詞而使用被動語態(tài)；被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成錯(cuò)誤，其構(gòu)成形式應(yīng)為“be過去分詞”。 looked或其前的were drunk 即即 學(xué)學(xué) 鞏鞏 固固