一、賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句(一一) 賓語(yǔ)從句指在主從復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí): (一) that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,that 只起引導(dǎo)詞作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分,也沒(méi)有詞義,且通常可以省略。 We think (that) he will help us.我們認(rèn)為他會(huì)幫助我們。 He said (that) he was good at English.他說(shuō)他擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。 ( (二二) ) if或或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句if 和和whether意為意為“是否是否”, ,一般可以互用一般可以互用, ,在從句中在從句中只起連接作用只起連接作用, ,不作任何句子成分。從句多是一般疑問(wèn)不作任何句子成分。從句多是一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)。句或選擇疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)。I dont know if/whether they will come tomorrow.我不知道他們明天來(lái)不來(lái)。我不知道他們明天來(lái)不來(lái)。Please make sure if/whether there is a flight leaving for Shanghai.請(qǐng)弄清楚是否有飛往上海的請(qǐng)弄清楚是否有飛往上海的航班。航班。下列幾種情況通常使用下列幾種情況通常使用whether,不用不用if:(1)在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether。 No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow.沒(méi)有人確切地知道明天是否是晴天。(2)在介詞之后用whether。 Were talking about whether the plan is good enough.我們正在討論那個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠好。(3)(3)在不定式前用在不定式前用whetherwhether。 He cant decide whether to go for a holiday He cant decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not.in the south or not.他不能他不能決決定是否去南方度假。定是否去南方度假。二、感嘆句二、感嘆句 感嘆句用來(lái)表示贊美、驚訝、喜悅、悲傷、痛苦等情緒, 常帶有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,一般用what或how引導(dǎo)。 (一) what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句1.What +a (n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))! What a new watch it is! 多么新的一塊手表啊!2.What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))! What strange ideas they have! 多奇怪的主意啊!3.What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))! What good news! 多好的消息啊! (二) how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句1.How+形容詞/副詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))! How beautiful these flowers are! 這些花多漂亮啊! 2.How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! How time flies! 時(shí)光飛逝/時(shí)間過(guò)得真快啊!.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空1.(20151.(2015廣廣東東中考中考)So far,Sun Bingtian)So far,Sun Bingtian is the only is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.10 seconds. _he runs!_he runs! A.How slow A.How slow B.How B.How fast fast C.What a slow C.What a slow D.What D.What a fast a fast提示:考查感嘆句。句意為“到目前為止,孫炳添是唯一的一個(gè)在10秒內(nèi)跑完100米的中國(guó)人。”“他跑得多快啊!”, 故選B。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空2.(20152.(2015恩施中考恩施中考) Can you tell me) Can you tell me your bike this your bike this Sunday?Sunday? A.that I can borrow A.that I can borrow B.whether can I borrow B.whether can I borrow C.whether I can borrow C.whether I can borrow提示:考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意為“你能告訴我這個(gè)星期天我可以借你的自行車(chē)嗎?”。賓語(yǔ)從句只能用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除B。引導(dǎo)表示一般疑問(wèn)含義的賓語(yǔ)從句,要用連接詞if或whether,故選C。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空3.(20153.(2015涼山中考涼山中考)The news reported that the )The news reported that the rainstorm was in the area last night.rainstorm was in the area last night. Yes. Yes. bad weather it was! bad weather it was! A.What a A.What a B.How a B.How a C.What C.What D.How D.How 提示:考查感嘆句。句意為“新聞報(bào)道昨天晚上這個(gè)地區(qū)下了大暴雨。”“是呀。多么糟糕的天氣呀!”,故選C。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空4.(20154.(2015婁婁底中考底中考) nice day today!nice day today!Yeah,lets take a walk outside.Yeah,lets take a walk outside.A.What aA.What aB.What B.What C.HowC.How提示:考查感嘆句的用法。句意為“今天天氣多么好啊!”“是啊,讓我們出去散步吧”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知day是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),故選A。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空5.(20155.(2015樂(lè)樂(lè)山中考山中考) Hello,this is Dick.Can I speak to ) Hello,this is Dick.Can I speak to Peter?Peter? Hold on,please.Ill see Hold on,please.Ill see hes in.hes in. A.as soon as A.as soon as B.if B.if C.untilC.until提示:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。as soon as一就;if是否,如果;until直到為止。由上文句意“請(qǐng)稍等”可推測(cè)下文句意為“我看一下他是否在家”,故選B。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空6.(20156.(2015濟(jì)濟(jì)寧中考寧中考)Wow! )Wow! beautiful the music beautiful the music is!is! Yes.Thats my favorite. Yes.Thats my favorite. A.What A.WhatB.What a B.What a C.What an C.What an D.HowD.How提示:考查感嘆句。what感嘆名詞,how感嘆形容詞或副詞,beautiful是形容詞,故選D。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空7.(20157.(2015衡衡陽(yáng)陽(yáng)中考中考) ) terrible news! Three of us terrible news! Three of us didnt pass the exam.didnt pass the exam. A.What A.What B.How B.How C.WhatC.What a a 提示:考查感嘆句的用法。句意為“多么糟糕的消息!我們?nèi)齻€(gè)都沒(méi)考及格”。news為不可數(shù)名詞,故選A。.單項(xiàng)填單項(xiàng)填空空8.(8.(黔黔東東南中考南中考)I dont know )I dont know or not.or not.Neither do I.You may ask his teacher.Neither do I.You may ask his teacher. A.whether he is at school A.whether he is at schoolB.if he is at schoolB.if he is at schoolC.that he is at schoolC.that he is at schoolD.whether is he at schoolD.whether is he at school提示:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意為“ 我不知道他是否在學(xué)校。”“我也不知道。你可以問(wèn)問(wèn)他的老師”,故選A。 .句型句型轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換9.(20159.(2015黔西南中考黔西南中考) “Do you water the flowers?” my ) “Do you water the flowers?” my father asked me.(father asked me.(改改為賓語(yǔ)從為賓語(yǔ)從句句) )My father asked me My father asked me I I the the flowers.flowers.10.(201510.(2015綏綏化中考化中考) Are you doing the dishes? He asked ) Are you doing the dishes? He asked the lady.(the lady.(合合并為并為一一個(gè)個(gè)句子句子) ) He asked the lady He asked the lady was doing the was doing the dishes.dishes.watered watered if/whetherif/whetherif/whether she細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題技巧 Canada Day Since 1982,July 1st has been officially known as Canada Day.Canadians of all ages take part in this festival across the country. Canada Day is the years biggest national party.In many towns and cities,the government organizes a lot of events,often outdoors.These include parades,concerts,festivals,firework displays and ceremonies for new Canadian citizens(公民).The celebrations often have a patriotic mood.Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.The celebrations in Ottawa,Canadas capital city,are especially grand and exciting. In the province of Quebec,many home rentals(租賃)start on July 1st and last for exactly one year,and many people in Quebec spend Canada Day moving from one house to another.So in Quebec,Canada Day is also known as Moving Day. Many organizations,businesses and stores are closed this day.Only some bookstores,hospitals and gas stations may be open.Post offices are closed,too.As Canada Day falls in the Canadian summer holiday period,all schools are closed as well.In some areas,special services are provided for large events.The concerts,parades and festivals may cause some traffic jams.【詞匯積累】parade游行ceremony儀式mood心情be known as作為而著名 1.The underlined word “patriotic” means 1.The underlined word “patriotic” means “ ” in Chinese.” in Chinese.A.A.溫溫馨的馨的B.B.愛(ài)國(guó)愛(ài)國(guó)的的C.C.肅肅穆的穆的D.D.緊張緊張的的提示提示:考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文中考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文中“Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.”可知可知,他們應(yīng)該是愛(ài)國(guó)的他們應(yīng)該是愛(ài)國(guó)的,故選故選B。2.The word “jams ” probably means “2.The word “jams ” probably means “” ” in Chinese.in Chinese. A. A.擠擠死死 B.B.關(guān)關(guān)上上 C.C.擁擠擁擠 D.D.松松開(kāi)開(kāi)提示提示:考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)背景和常識(shí)判斷考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)背景和常識(shí)判斷,可能引起交通擁擠可能引起交通擁擠,故選故選C。 任何一個(gè)詞語(yǔ),在一定的上下文中只能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義。據(jù)此,我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義,即從已知推求未知,也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)猜測(cè)我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測(cè)詞義時(shí),我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮:1.根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義;2.根據(jù)情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷;3.根據(jù)并列或同位關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義;4.根據(jù)背景和常識(shí)判斷。對(duì)于這種題目也可以采取“代入法”,即將供選答案逐一代替畫(huà)線部分的單詞或短語(yǔ),看看哪一個(gè)答案能使句子的意思通順連貫,且與上下文的內(nèi)容一致。那么,那個(gè)選項(xiàng)就是該題的正確答案。中考詞義猜測(cè)題常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:Whats the meaning of the underlined word “ ”?The expression “ ” in Paragraph means The underlined word “ ” in the passage means The word “” in Paragraph can best be replaced by The underlined word “” most probably means in Chinese.By saying “”,the author means The expression “” is closest to According to the passage,the phrase “” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. ) means 此類(lèi)題型有逐漸增加的趨勢(shì),尤其是猜測(cè)單詞、詞組、句意題。個(gè)別猜測(cè)詞組、句意題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、文章主旨、作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。近幾年中考閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升,加大了猜測(cè)力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。 中考詞義猜測(cè)題命題趨勢(shì):1.要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息,結(jié)合我們應(yīng)有的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),正確判斷生詞或詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語(yǔ)境中表達(dá)的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2.要求猜測(cè)詞義的詞一般為實(shí)詞及其詞組,通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定生詞的具體含義。：中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)即將到來(lái)端午節(jié)即將到來(lái),請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文向外國(guó)朋友簡(jiǎn)要介請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文向外國(guó)朋友簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下端午節(jié)紹一下端午節(jié),內(nèi)容包括內(nèi)容包括:1.端午節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物及傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)端午節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)食物及傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng);2.端午節(jié)的來(lái)歷端午節(jié)的來(lái)歷;3.我們要保留傳承傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的意義。我們要保留傳承傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的意義。：中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日【思路點(diǎn)撥】交代主題The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.介紹Most of us will have dinner觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)We must try our best to keep our traditional festivals.：中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 【重點(diǎn)【重點(diǎn)詞匯詞匯】寫(xiě)寫(xiě)出下列短出下列短語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 1.1.我我們們中的大多中的大多數(shù)數(shù) 2.2.在那天在那天 3.3.例如例如 4. 4.把把扔進(jìn)扔進(jìn) 5. 5.首先首先 first of allfirst of allthrowthrowintointo s such asuch as on that dayon that day most of usmost of us【重點(diǎn)句型】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子1.我們會(huì)與父母一起吃粽子。我們會(huì)與父母一起吃粽子。We will with our parents. 2.總而言之總而言之,我們必須盡力保持我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。我們必須盡力保持我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。 ,we must our keep our traditional festivals. enjoy the rice dumplingsIn a wordtrybest to【單元參考句型】We have zongzi on that day.During the festival,peopleChinese traditional festivals have different meanings.The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.Now it has become a bank The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.Now it has become a bank holiday.What can we do on that day?Most of us will have holiday.What can we do on that day?Most of us will have dinner with our family.We also enjoy the rice dumplings dinner with our family.We also enjoy the rice dumplings together.We eat them in order to remember the famous poet Qu together.We eat them in order to remember the famous poet Qu Yuan.On that day,there are so many activities,such as dragon Yuan.On that day,there are so many activities,such as dragon boat races,throwingboat races,throwing the rice dumplings into the water. the rice dumplings into the water.Why do we keep the traditional festivals?First of all,Chinese Why do we keep the traditional festivals?First of all,Chinese traditional festivals are special to everyone.Second,they traditional festivals are special to everyone.Second,they have different meanings.In a word,wehave different meanings.In a word,we must try our best to must try our best to keep our traditional festivals.keep our traditional festivals.名師點(diǎn)評(píng) 作者按照提示要求向我們展示了端午節(jié)人們的主要活動(dòng)以及傳統(tǒng)食物,還告訴了我們端午節(jié)的來(lái)歷紀(jì)念偉大的詩(shī)人屈原,在文章結(jié)尾處發(fā)出倡議,傳承我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,文章層次清晰,語(yǔ)言流暢,結(jié)構(gòu)合理,語(yǔ)言在使用上獨(dú)具匠心,如設(shè)問(wèn)句的應(yīng)用,引發(fā)讀者的思考與共鳴,還有短語(yǔ)(如such as,first of all,in order to及try ones best to do sth.)的應(yīng)用,增添了文章的色彩。 這是一篇提綱式作文,內(nèi)容與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密,是喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的話題之一,只需按照要點(diǎn)提示做到表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確就是一篇合格的文章,要注意行文流暢,可適當(dāng)添加關(guān)聯(lián)性詞語(yǔ),另外要進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)總結(jié),表達(dá)出希望保留和傳承中華傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的愿望。 根據(jù)短文根據(jù)短文內(nèi)內(nèi)容回答下列容回答下列問(wèn)題問(wèn)題( (眉山中考眉山中考)One of the biggest festivals for Chinese people is the Mid-Autumn )One of the biggest festivals for Chinese people is the Mid-Autumn Festival.It is a good chance for Chinese families to get together and enjoy delicious Festival.It is a good chance for Chinese families to get together and enjoy delicious foods.On this special day,everyone will eat mooncakes.They play an important role foods.On this special day,everyone will eat mooncakes.They play an important role during the festival.Mooncakes are round in shape.They signify family reunions and best during the festival.Mooncakes are round in shape.They signify family reunions and best wishes.Thats why people in China buy and send mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn wishes.Thats why people in China buy and send mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival.There are different kinds of mooncakes.Lets see some new kinds of mooncakes.Festival.There are different kinds of mooncakes.Lets see some new kinds of mooncakes.Ice-cream mooncakeIce-cream mooncakeThe ice-cream mooncake is made of ice-cream.Although the festival is in mid-autumn,the The ice-cream mooncake is made of ice-cream.Although the festival is in mid-autumn,the weather often stays a little warm,so many people enjoy eating ice-cream mooncakesweather often stays a little warm,so many people enjoy eating ice-cream mooncakesespecially kids.especially kids.Healthy food mooncakeHealthy food mooncakeThe healthy food mooncake is good for peoples health.It is made of many healthy The healthy food mooncake is good for peoples health.It is made of many healthy ingredients.ingredients.Naliang mooncakeNaliang mooncakeThis is the newest kind of mooncakes.The Naliang mooncake is made of green beans and This is the newest kind of mooncakes.The Naliang mooncake is made of green beans and tea.Both of them have a cooling effect on the body.tea.Both of them have a cooling effect on the body. 【詞匯積累】【詞匯積累】 signify預(yù)示 reunion團(tuán)聚;(親友等的)聚會(huì) be made of由制成 1.Is the Mid-Autumn Festival one of the biggest festivals for Chinese people?2.How many kinds of mooncakes are mentioned in the passage?3.According to the passage,whats the weather often like in mid-autumn?4.What kind of mooncakes is the newest?5.Whats the Naliang mooncake made of? Yes,it is.Three.Three.A little warm.The Naliang mooncake.The Naliang mooncake.Green beans and tea.根據(jù)短文根據(jù)短文內(nèi)內(nèi)容完成下列各容完成下列各題題 From day wear non-hero, not being jealous is mediocrity. 不受天磨非好漢，不遭人妒是庸才不受天磨非好漢，不遭人妒是庸才.