Module 8 Unit 1The written word 1、desperate adj. 絕望的，不顧一切的，極其想要的The situation is desperate.這種情況令人絕望。與hopeless相比，desperate的語氣要輕些。The situation was desperate but not hopeless.這種情況令人絕望，但也不全無希望。desperate后可接不定式，表示“發(fā)瘋似的想要”。When the war was over, Tom was desperate to return to civilian life.當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候，湯姆發(fā)瘋似的想要回到平民的生活。 他極想喝一杯水。 Hes a glass of water.desperate for2、vain adj. 自負(fù)的，徒勞的，無效的，虛榮的 常用搭配：in vain 徒勞無益；自費(fèi)力氣She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她自負(fù)而愚蠢，然而人們喜歡她。All our work was in vain. 我們的工作全都白干了。in vain to 他白費(fèi)力氣想抓住停在花上的蝴蝶。 He tried catch the butterfly on the flower.3、abuse vt. 濫用；辱罵；虐待 abuse ones power 濫用權(quán)力caused; abuse 這個(gè)男孩打碎了窗戶玻璃，招致一陣惡罵。 The boys breaking of window glasses _ a hail of _. 4、resist v.反抗，抵制，抵擋 The soldiers resisted the enemy attacks. 士兵們抵抗了敵人的進(jìn)攻。 cannot resist (doing) sth. 忍不住，按捺不住(做)某事I can never resist the urge to laugh. 我克制不了大笑的沖動(dòng)。He couldnt resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住要炫耀自己的新車。5、 adore vt. 愛慕，崇拜，熱愛Men can only adore women who are adorable. 男人們只愛慕那些讓人愛慕的女人。like, love, enjoy, fancy, adore, prefer這些動(dòng)詞都有“喜歡、喜愛”之意。like 最常用詞，往往只表不太強(qiáng)烈的興趣或關(guān)注，不帶強(qiáng)烈的感情，除非另加修飾語。love 不但表示強(qiáng)烈的喜歡，而且含依戀之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。enjoy 指對(duì)能提供感官或智力上滿足或快樂的東西表示欣賞或喜愛。fancy 指喜愛投合自己心意、嗜好或欲望等的人或物。adore 非正式用詞，口語體，指非常喜愛，帶強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。prefer 指有選擇性或偏向性的喜歡。adore the handsome mathematics teacher我們學(xué)校里所有女孩子都崇拜那個(gè)恰巧是單身漢的英俊數(shù)學(xué)老師。 All the girls in our school _who happens to be a bachelor.6、 rescue vt. 營(yíng)救，援救 He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他從橋上跳入水中去搶救那名溺水兒童。 Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have drowned. 如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小男孩早就淹死了。 The government has rescued the firm from bankruptcy by giving them a grant. 政府撥款給這家公司使其免于破產(chǎn)。rescue, save 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“營(yíng)救、拯救、搭救”之意。rescue 多指營(yíng)救某人脫離緊迫的危險(xiǎn)。save 含義廣泛，既可指營(yíng)救某人使脫離危險(xiǎn)，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。to rescue訓(xùn)練有素的機(jī)組人員設(shè)法營(yíng)救出了大部分乘客。The welldrilled crew managed _ most of the passengers.7、spring v.跳，彈，快速站起，突然提出The cat crouched ready to spring.那貓躬起背準(zhǔn)備跳。Roberts kept springing to his feet to shout at the referees. 羅伯茨不停地跳起來沖裁判嚷嚷。Many new factories have sprung up in my home town. 我的家鄉(xiāng)建了許多新工廠。spring up今天傍晚將開始刮西北風(fēng)。 The northwest wind will this evening.8、intend v. 打算；計(jì)劃 I intend you to take over my career. 我打算讓你來接替我的事業(yè)。The school is intended for the children whose parents are doing odd work outside. 這所學(xué)校是專門為父母在外做特殊工作的小孩而開設(shè)的。 be intended for 專供使用，專為而設(shè)計(jì)intend to do/doing 打算做intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事intend sth. for sb. / be intended for sb. 打算供某人 使用；打算送給某人Its intended that 按計(jì)劃B考查省略。省略了to后面的do 也就是study German。 Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends_. A. / B. to C. so D. that intended to do表示“過去打算做某事(可能做了，也可能沒做)”，而intended to have done sth.表示“過去打算做某事而實(shí)際上沒做”，是虛擬語氣的一種表達(dá)形式，相當(dāng)于had intended to do sth.。 你知道intended to do和intended to have done sth.的內(nèi)在含義嗎？_be set in (on) 安置，放置；(電影、故事等)以為背景The campsite is set in the middle of a forest. 野營(yíng)點(diǎn)設(shè)置在森林的中心。This story is set in New York in the late 1950s. 這個(gè)故事是以20世紀(jì)50年代末為背景的。 set about (doing) sth. 開始 / 著手(做)某事set aside 留出；撥出；不顧set back 把(鐘表等)往回?fù)躶et in (尤指不愉快的事情)開始，來臨；盛行set sb. down 使乘客下車set sth. down 放下；記下set forth 啟程； 動(dòng)身set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身；使爆炸；引起set out 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身； 開始，著手setfree 釋放選用下列詞填空 He set _ washing his car.She set a good example _ all of us.The rainy season has set _.The school was set _ 50 years ago.She has set _ some money for a trip to Beijing.abouttoinupasideaboutasidedowntoinup1、Many people do not read them because they think they are oldfashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today.許多人不讀經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品是因?yàn)橛X得他們過時(shí)了，枯燥乏味，與今天的生活沒有任何關(guān)系。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。be/have nothing to do with 與無關(guān)。Go out! Its nothing to do with you. 出去！這根本就不關(guān)你的事。be / have something to do with 與有關(guān)for nothing 免費(fèi)；平白無故地nothing but 只不過anything but一點(diǎn)也不，除外都We could have got into the cinema for nothing.我們本來不花錢就能進(jìn)入電影院的。That has something to do with what we are discussing.那與我們正討論的問題有關(guān)。 Is he content to accept our price? Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _ to him. A. everything B. none C. nothing D. somethingC句意“他更在乎質(zhì)量，錢對(duì)他來說不算什么”。此處nothing才是最合適的。2、Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.皮普的姐姐極少說好話，但喬是一個(gè)淳樸善良的人，他寧愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到傷害。此句的句式“would ratherthan”意為“寧愿而不愿”、“與其不如”。用以表達(dá)主語的意愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過選擇后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。than 后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形，但如果該句型前后連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞相同，則than之后的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞可省去。I would rather you told me the truth now than (you told me) tomorrow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在而不是明天告訴我真相。【注意】would ratherthan也可改寫成 “would rather than”，其用法及含義仍不變。She would listen to her classmates rather than her parents.她寧愿聽同學(xué)的話，也不聽父母的。有時(shí)，為表示語氣上的強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將rather than置于句首。Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the street.與其以這種不誠(chéng)實(shí)的方式掙錢，他不如上街去行乞。(1)“would rather動(dòng)詞原形”是英語中常見的一個(gè)慣用句式(美國(guó)英語中多用had rather)。 d rather為would (或had) rather的縮寫形式。would (had)在此決無“過去”之意，且無詞性、時(shí)態(tài)變化，它是一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。該句式常用來表示選擇的意愿，意為“寧可”、“寧愿”、“最好”。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?你寧愿喝哪一種飲料，茶還是咖啡？(2) would rather后面跟從句時(shí)，其從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去時(shí)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。Id rather you forgot the unpleasant experience in the city.我寧愿你把在城市不愉快的經(jīng)歷忘掉。(3) would rather后還可接動(dòng)詞的完成式，表示主語要做某事，而結(jié)果卻事與愿違。We ourselves would rather have left on December 16th, but we didnt because of the bad weather.我們本想在12月16日動(dòng)身的，但因?yàn)樘鞖庠驔]有離開。 Will you join us in the game? Thank you, _ A. but why not? B. but Id rather not. C. and I wont. D. and Ill join.B由問句“你愿意參加我們的游戲嗎？”及答句“謝謝”可知應(yīng)填入表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，而A表示“但是為什么不參加呢？”，不符合語境。只有B“但是我不想?yún)⒓印辈排c問句吻合。他寧愿玩也不愿工作。 He _. would rather play than work怎樣寫好描寫文一、描寫文的概述描寫(Description)就是用生動(dòng)、形象的語言把人物、事物、景物等的特征和性質(zhì)活靈活現(xiàn)地刻畫或描繪出來，使讀者如見其人，如聞其聲，如臨其境。為了使人或事物的特征躍然紙上，我們往往在寫文章時(shí)把敘述和描寫結(jié)合起來。描寫就是形象化的敘述。1. 描寫文的分類就描寫對(duì)象而言，描寫可分為人物描寫、景物描寫和場(chǎng)面描寫等。 (1)人物描寫：指描寫人物的肖像、語言、動(dòng)作、心理活動(dòng)及生活細(xì)節(jié)等，旨在塑造活靈活現(xiàn)的人物。(2)景物描寫：是指對(duì)山川風(fēng)光、鳥樹魚蟲、風(fēng)花雪月等的描寫。(3)場(chǎng)面描寫：指對(duì)一個(gè)特定時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情的描寫，如勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)面、會(huì)議場(chǎng)面、戰(zhàn)斗場(chǎng)面等的描寫。2描寫文的語言描寫文的語言特征就是大量使用動(dòng)詞和具有定語性質(zhì)的形容詞進(jìn)行描述，使我們所接觸的人或事物能夠具體、形象地表現(xiàn)出來。為了使文章更生動(dòng)，要適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用形容詞、同義詞或派生形容詞、副詞等，避免重復(fù)、單調(diào)。3描寫文的具體寫法 (1)描寫文的寫法多種多樣，可以先從具體描寫某一事物開始，然后再泛寫與之相關(guān)的其他事物；也可以先寫不重要的事物，最后重點(diǎn)突出所要描寫的事物；也可以按照事物所處的空間順序，如前后左右等，來描述事物。(2)靈活運(yùn)用各種修辭手法根據(jù)需要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用比喻、擬人、夸張等修辭手法，使描述更生動(dòng)、形象，更好地說明問題。如：He says he is almost as busy as a bee. 他說他忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。(比喻)My heart is like a singing bird. 我心情舒暢。(比喻)(3)要寫好描寫文，既要有豐富的想象力和敏銳的觀察力，還要具有語言描寫能力。因此，我們?cè)谥袑W(xué)階段應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地努力培養(yǎng)這兩種能力。在日常生活中要多觀察周圍的事物，并在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，進(jìn)行廣泛的閱讀，多積累詞匯、素材，多做練習(xí)。二、寫作模板第一段：導(dǎo)語，揭示核心內(nèi)容。如：On May Daywent to第二段：描述主體，對(duì)事件的詳細(xì)描述。如：Upon their arrival Then they started When it was time第三段：結(jié)束語，概括總結(jié)。如：What they did has三、典例分析1試題要求寫一篇短文，簡(jiǎn)述Green School受歡迎的原因。要求包含以下內(nèi)容：(1)歷史悠久；(2)校園美麗；(3)設(shè)備良好。教學(xué)樓、實(shí)驗(yàn)樓、語音室、計(jì)算機(jī)房、圖書館及體育館都是全市最好的；(4)收費(fèi)合理；(5)教師出色，大部分畢業(yè)于名牌大學(xué)。他們有耐心，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，熱愛學(xué)生。注意：注意：不要逐條翻譯。不少于120詞。2內(nèi)容分析這是一篇提示類作文，內(nèi)容涉及Green School，故它實(shí)際上是一篇描述性說明文。該文寫作重點(diǎn)是Green School受歡迎的原因，題干中提供了較為充實(shí)的寫作材料，考生可從Green School的歷史、環(huán)境、設(shè)備、收費(fèi)以及教師品質(zhì)等幾個(gè)方面加以說明。注意事項(xiàng)：題干所提供的內(nèi)容較為繁雜，動(dòng)筆前應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析材料加以整合，以便于描寫；所使用句式應(yīng)注意變化，避免出現(xiàn)單一的It is /It has之類的句式。3佳作賞析Why is Green School so popular? Green School is a beautiful school with a long history, in which trees and flowers are growing here and there. Having the best facilities such as the classroom buildings, the experiment labs and the sound labs, the computer rooms, the library as well as the gymnasium, the school is equipped very well. Whats more, it is less costly than other schools. Even so, teachers in the school are excellent and most of them graduated from famous universities and colleges. These experienced teachers who are devoted to their teaching are patient with students and have deep love for the students as well. 4滿分揭秘要點(diǎn)齊全，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，層次清晰，行文連貫，給人一氣呵成之感。文章足以顯示作者扎實(shí)的語言功底和駕馭語言的能力，是一篇名副其實(shí)的滿分作文。(2012江蘇卷改編)生活中沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球時(shí)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)， 導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合此事， 并根據(jù)以下提示， 用英語寫一篇短文， 向?qū)W校英文報(bào)“Happy Teens”專欄投稿。注意：1. 適當(dāng)發(fā)揮要點(diǎn)，不少于120詞。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。2. 作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個(gè)人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel._One possible version： Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel. To be honest, it was Sus fault but Li was also to blame they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. Dont be selfcentered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.