環(huán)境工程專業(yè)學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)性實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)課程名稱 混凝劑（硫酸鋁）與污泥反應(yīng)時(shí)間的不同對(duì)污泥比阻的影響指導(dǎo)教師 董春欣 姓名孫鏡偉 學(xué)號(hào)12310113 專業(yè)環(huán)境工程 班級(jí)環(huán)工1201 摘要:根據(jù)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中所取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)污泥比阻實(shí)驗(yàn)中幾個(gè)參數(shù)的確定和經(jīng)常碰到的一些問(wèn)題,提出了自己的看法和解決的辦法,為比阻實(shí)驗(yàn)的可操作性提供了幫助?；炷齽┓N類繁多，如何根據(jù)水處理廠工藝條件、原水水質(zhì)情況和處理后水質(zhì)目標(biāo)選用合適的混凝藥劑，是十分重要的污泥比阻作為反映污泥脫水性能 的主要參數(shù),是水廠生產(chǎn)廢水調(diào)質(zhì)及脫水工藝的重要控制指標(biāo).指出了常規(guī)污泥比阻抽濾測(cè)定方法中存在的測(cè)定指標(biāo)多、操作復(fù)雜、測(cè)定歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)等問(wèn)題.針對(duì)自來(lái)水 廠生產(chǎn)廢水的水質(zhì)特點(diǎn),根據(jù)污泥比阻的測(cè)定理論。關(guān)鍵詞:混凝劑；污泥比阻;過(guò)濾;脫水性能等Abstract:Thedeterminationofseveralparametersinthesludgeandproblemsusuallyoccurredintheexperimentwerediscussedandroperationonlaboratorymeasure2mentofsludgespecificresistance.with the enlargement of our country resently,Urban sewage is an enormous quantity of low concentration organic wastewater. In this paper, the urban sewage treatment technology and main structure design in an all-round way. Including the grille, collecting well, sewage pump room, sedimentation tank, adjusting pool, aeration tank, and the concentrated tank, etc. Key words:concentration organic wastewater. In this paper, the urban sewage treatment technology and main 一、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱： 混凝劑（硫酸鋁）與污泥反應(yīng)時(shí)間的不同對(duì)污泥比阻的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間：小組合作：是 否小組成員： 一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模海?）通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)掌握污泥比阻的測(cè)定方法。（2）掌握用布氏漏斗實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇混凝劑。（3）掌握確定污泥的最佳泥凝劑投加量。（4）測(cè)定混凝劑(硫酸鋁)反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)污泥比阻的影響。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備與材料：（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備：(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置如圖2。圖2 比阻實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置圖1真空泵；2吸濾瓶；3真空調(diào)節(jié)閥；4真空表；5布式漏斗；6吸濾墊；7計(jì)量管(2)秒表；濾紙。(3)烘箱。(4)A12(SO4)3。(5)布氏漏斗。(6)100ml量筒（2）實(shí)驗(yàn)材料：A12(SO4)3(10g/L)三、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法步驟及注意事項(xiàng)（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)方法步驟：1.測(cè)定污泥的含水率，求出其固定濃度C0。2.配制A12(SO4)3(10g/L)混凝劑。3. 用A12(SO4)3混凝劑調(diào)節(jié)污泥(每組加一種混凝劑)，加量為干污泥質(zhì)量的6。放置5分鐘后進(jìn)行抽濾。，用水潤(rùn)濕，貼緊周底。5.開動(dòng)真空泵，調(diào)節(jié)真空壓力，大約比實(shí)驗(yàn)壓力小1/3實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)真空壓力采用266mmHg(3546kPa)或532mmHg(704. 在布氏漏斗上(直徑6580mm)放置濾紙93kPa)關(guān)掉真空泵。6. 加入l00mL需實(shí)驗(yàn)的污泥于布氏漏斗中，開動(dòng)真空泵，調(diào)節(jié)真空壓力至實(shí)驗(yàn)壓力；達(dá)到此壓力后，開始起動(dòng)秒表，并記下開動(dòng)時(shí)計(jì)量管內(nèi)的濾液V0。7. 分別記下0s、10s、20s、30s、60s、90s、120s.計(jì)量管內(nèi)相應(yīng)的濾液量。8.一直過(guò)濾至真空破壞，如真空長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不破壞，則過(guò)濾20min后即可停止。9.關(guān)閉閥門取下濾餅放人稱量瓶?jī)?nèi)稱量。10.稱量后的濾餅干105的烘箱內(nèi)烘干稱量。11. 計(jì)算出濾餅的含水率，求出單位體積濾液的固體量C0。12.將A12(SO4)3混凝劑與污水混合，分別放置10分鐘、15分鐘、20分鐘、25分鐘，再分別進(jìn)行上5-11的實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟。（2）注意事項(xiàng)：1. 檢查計(jì)量管與布氏漏斗之間是否漏氣。2.濾紙烘干后稱量，放到布氏漏斗內(nèi)，要先用蒸餾水濕潤(rùn)，而后再用真空泵抽吸一下，濾紙要貼緊不能漏氣。3. 污泥倒入布氏漏斗內(nèi)時(shí)，有部分濾液流入計(jì)量筒，所以正常開始實(shí)驗(yàn)后記錄量筒內(nèi)濾液體積。4 .污泥中加混凝劑后應(yīng)充分混合。5.在整個(gè)過(guò)濾過(guò)程中，真空度確定后始終保持一致。四、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理方法：（1）測(cè)定并記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)基本參數(shù)，記錄格式如下。實(shí)驗(yàn)日期 ；原污泥的含水率及固體濃度C0。實(shí)驗(yàn)真空度/mmHg ；不加混凝劑的濾餅的含水率加混凝劑濾餅的含水率（2）將布氏漏斗實(shí)驗(yàn)所得數(shù)據(jù)按表1記錄并計(jì)算。（3）以t/V為縱坐標(biāo)，以V為橫坐標(biāo)作圖，求。（4）根據(jù)原污泥的含水率及濾餅的含水率求出C0（5）列表計(jì)算比阻值（見表2比阻計(jì)算表）（6）以比阻為縱坐標(biāo)，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為橫坐標(biāo)，作圖求出最佳投加量C的求法。根據(jù)所設(shè)定義 5、參考文獻(xiàn)：污泥脫水性能參數(shù)比阻檢測(cè)的若干問(wèn)題研討污泥比阻實(shí)驗(yàn)中幾個(gè)問(wèn)題的探討改善城市污水廠污泥脫水性能的試驗(yàn)研究不同混凝劑對(duì)污泥脫水性能的影響研究硫酸鋁作為混凝劑時(shí)絮體破碎與再絮凝的研究二、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告1、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象、數(shù)據(jù)及結(jié)果混凝時(shí)間為5分鐘tVV-V0t/V-V0025.00 0.00 030.00 1068.33 43.33 0.23076923182.00 2090.83 65.83 0.303797468109.00 30101.67 76.67 0.391304348122.00 60109.17 84.17 0.712871287131.00 90110.00 85.00 1.058823529132.00 120110.83 85.83 1.398058252133.00 180111.67 86.67 2.076923077134.00 240111.67 86.67 2.769230769134.00 300111.67 86.67 3.461538462134.00 360111.67 86.67 4.153846154134.00 420111.67 86.67 4.846153846134.00 480111.67 86.67 5.538461538134.00 540111.67 86.67 6.230769231134.00 600111.67 86.67 6.923076923134.00 660111.67 86.67 7.615384615134.00 720111.67 86.67 8.307692308134.00 780111.67 86.67 9134.00 840111.67 86.67 9.692307692134.00 900111.67 86.67 10.38461538134.00 960111.67 86.67 11.07692308134.00 1020111.67 86.67 11.76923077134.00 1080111.67 86.67 12.46153846134.00 1140111.67 86.67 13.15384615134.00 1200111.67 86.67 13.84615385134.00 混凝時(shí)間為10分鐘tVV-V0t/V-V0013.33 0.00 016.00 1036.67 23.34 0.42851021344.00 2060.00 46.67 0.42854081972.00 3076.67 63.34 0.47365928192.00 60106.67 93.34 0.642834184128.00 90110.00 96.67 0.931002379132.00 120110.00 96.67 1.241336506132.00 180110.83 97.50 1.846090732133.00 240111.67 98.34 2.440595234134.00 300111.67 98.34 3.050744043134.00 360111.67 98.34 3.660892851134.00 420111.67 98.34 4.27104166134.00 480111.67 98.34 4.881190468134.00 540111.67 98.34 5.491339277134.00 600111.67 98.34 6.101488085134.00 660111.67 98.34 6.711636894134.00 720111.67 98.34 7.321785702134.00 780111.67 98.34 7.931934511134.00 840111.67 98.34 8.542083319134.00 900111.67 98.34 9.152232128134.00 960111.67 98.34 9.762380936134.00 1020111.67 98.34 10.37252974134.00 1080111.67 98.34 10.98267855134.00 1140111.67 98.34 11.59282736134.00 1200111.67 98.34 12.20297617134.00 混凝時(shí)間為15分鐘tVV-V0t/V-V008.33 0.00 010.00 1016.67 8.34 1.19952019220.00 2041.67 33.34 0.59994000650.00 3058.33 50.00 0.59996000370.00 6093.33 85.00 0.705854672112.00 90107.50 99.17 0.90753252129.00 120108.33 100.00 1.199960001130.00 180110.00 101.67 1.770433756132.00 240110.83 102.50 2.341387272133.00 300111.67 103.34 2.903132157134.00 360111.67 103.34 3.483758588134.00 420111.67 103.34 4.06438502134.00 480111.67 103.34 4.645011451134.00 540111.67 103.34 5.225637883134.00 600111.67 103.34 5.806264314134.00 660111.67 103.34 6.386890745134.00 720111.67 103.34 6.967517177134.00 780111.67 103.34 7.548143608134.00 840111.67 103.34 8.12877004134.00 900111.67 103.34 8.709396471134.00 960111.67 103.34 9.290022902134.00 1020111.67 103.34 9.870649334134.00 1080111.67 103.34 10.45127577134.00 1140111.67 103.34 11.0319022134.00 1200111.67 103.34 11.61252863134.00 混凝時(shí)間為20分鐘tVV-V0t/V-V006.67 0.00 08.00 1051.67 45.00 0.22223868462.00 2075.00 68.33 0.29269720590.00 3090.00 83.33 0.360014401108.00 60108.33 101.66 0.590183285130.00 90110.00 103.33 0.870995839132.00 120110.83 104.16 1.152036865133.00 180111.67 105.00 1.714340138134.00 240111.67 105.00 2.28578685134.00 300111.67 105.00 2.857233563134.00 360111.67 105.00 3.428680276134.00 420111.67 105.00 4.000126988134.00 480111.67 105.00 4.571573701134.00 540111.67 105.00 5.143020413134.00 600111.67 105.00 5.714467126134.00 660111.67 105.00 6.285913839134.00 720111.67 105.00 6.857360551134.00 780111.67 105.00 7.428807264134.00 840111.67 105.00 8.000253976134.00 900111.67 105.00 8.571700689134.00 960111.67 105.00 9.143147402134.00 1020111.67 105.00 9.714594114134.00 1080111.67 105.00 10.28604083134.00 1140111.67 105.00 10.85748754134.00 1200111.67 105.00 11.42893425134.00 混凝時(shí)間為25分鐘tVV-V0t/V-V0011.67 0.00 014.00 1050.00 38.33 0.26089225260.00 2073.33 61.66 0.32434185688.00 3090.00 78.33 0.382995021108.00 60108.33 96.66 0.620711059130.00 90110.00 98.33 0.915285264132.00 120110.00 98.33 1.220380352132.00 180110.00 98.33 1.830570528132.00 240110.00 98.33 2.440760704132.00 300110.00 98.33 3.05095088132.00 360110.00 98.33 3.661141056132.00 420110.00 98.33 4.271331232132.00 480110.00 98.33 4.881521408132.00 540110.00 98.33 5.491711583132.00 600110.00 98.33 6.101901759132.00 660110.00 98.33 6.712091935132.00 720110.00 98.33 7.322282111132.00 780110.00 98.33 7.932472287132.00 840110.00 98.33 8.542662463132.00 900110.00 98.33 9.152852639132.00 960110.00 98.33 9.763042815132.00 1020110.00 98.33 10.37323299132.00 1080110.00 98.33 10.98342317132.00 1140110.00 98.33 11.59361334132.00 1200110.00 98.33 12.20380352132.00 混凝時(shí)間（min)510152025原始干污泥質(zhì)量 g2.8773F 過(guò)濾面積38.465cm²0.0038465m²P 推動(dòng)力（kpa)35.46混凝劑6%b值0.04150.02290.01270.01790.0157T 13.513.5131313燒杯+濾紙 g87.440389.825393.138791.364594.9223燒杯+濾紙+濕濾餅 g91.013294.81898.596.3902100.3702燒杯+濾紙+干泥餅 g87.752890.419793.748692.005695.567濕泥質(zhì)量 g3.57294.99275.36135.02575.4479干泥質(zhì)量 g0.31250.59440.60990.64110.6447Ci0.0031250.0059440.0060990.0064110.006447Cf8.74639648511.9053818611.3759722512.7564319411.83391766100-Ci99.99687599.99405699.99390199.99358999.993553100-Ci/Ci3199916822.6877516395.1305115597.1906115510.09043100-Cf91.2536035288.0946181488.6240277587.2435680688.16608234100-Cf/Cf10.433287.3995625847.7904574526.8391826557.450286955100-Ci/Ci-100-Cf/Cf31988.5667216815.2881916387.3400615590.3514315502.64014C值 1/100-Ci/Ci-100-Cf/Cf3.12612E-055.94697E-056.10227E-056.41422E-056.45051E-051+0.0337*T+0.000221T²1.495227251.495227251.4754491.4754491.475449µ值0.00178/1+0.0337*T+0.000221T²0.0011904540.0011904540.0012064120.0012064120.001206412b/C1327.525519385.0700995208.1192187279.0672905243.39145022PF²1049301272PF²/µ8814291305488142913054869769949178697699491786976994917=2PF²/µ*b/c1.17012E+143.39412E+131.81016E+132.42724E+132.11695E+13混凝劑 g17.317.317.317.317.3 2、結(jié)論：在100mL污泥中，加入17.3mLA12(SO4)3（10g/l）混凝劑，設(shè)計(jì)混凝時(shí)間為5min、10min、15min、20min、25min，隨著混凝時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，混凝效果顯著，污泥比阻逐漸下降。指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果意見：指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日 （注：文檔可能無(wú)法思考全面，請(qǐng)瀏覽后下載，供參考。可復(fù)制、編制，期待你的好評(píng)與關(guān)注！）