精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上江蘇2017高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解【推理判斷題】講解及選練（含答案）閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)閱讀理解歷來(lái)都是高考英語(yǔ)試卷中難度最大、區(qū)分度最高的題型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要義；理解文中的具體信息；根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等。下面我們來(lái)探討一下高考閱讀理解的解題思路。 閱讀理解-【推理判斷題】推理判斷題主要考查考生對(duì)文章的深層理解和挖掘，往往針對(duì)作者的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)、文章的隱含意義、 文章的寫(xiě)作目的、 文章的體裁或者出處來(lái)設(shè)題考查。題干中往往含有一些標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ): infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。命題方式一般有： What can we infer from the last paragraph?What does the second paragraph suggest?What attitude does the author of the text have towards ?What is the authors purpose in writing the text?做推理判斷題時(shí)，考生要注意挖掘文章的隱含信息，從已知獲得未知，而不是憑空臆斷。很多文章，尤其是記敘文和議論文，其語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀文章并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性的關(guān)鍵性詞匯或句子，這對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷大有好處。如：真題摘選【1】（2013江蘇卷 C篇）If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means B. gradually developed measures against the bends C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it 解析：根據(jù)文中信息，如果魚(yú)龍確實(shí)曾經(jīng)進(jìn)化得到了一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能，那么這種進(jìn)化一定會(huì)發(fā)展很快，但是奇怪的是，它們后來(lái)失去了這一機(jī)能。因此Dr Rothschild可能得出的結(jié)論是：魚(yú)龍沒(méi)有進(jìn)化得到一種抗減壓病的機(jī)能?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】【2016高考訓(xùn)練】閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us，then you'll_make_it!Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)Place：ManchesterHours：Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role：You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required：You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you.1The text is meant to _.Aleave a noteBsend an invitationCpresent a documentDcarry an advertisement2What does the underlined part mean?AYou'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.BYou'll arrive home just in time from this job.CYou'll earn a good salary from this job.DYou'll succeed in getting this job.3The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities _.Ato get some financial supportBto properly protect themselvesCto learn some new living skillsDto realize their own importance4Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?AThe one who can drive a car.BThe one who has done similar work before.CThe one who has patience to listen to others.DThe one who can use English to communicate.答案：【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一則廣告。廣告中招募志愿者，幫助智障人，讓智障人意識(shí)到他們的重要性。1D解析：考查推理判斷。從文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相關(guān)信息可知，短文為廣告。2A解析：考查句意理解。從文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life”以及第二段中的“If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us, then you'll_make_it”可知，you'll make it意為“參加廣告中的志愿工作，你將讓別人的生活更有意義”。3D解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是讓智障人意識(shí)到他們的重要性。4B解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有類(lèi)似工作經(jīng)歷的人優(yōu)先。真題摘選【2】(2013課標(biāo)卷 A篇)Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. 57. What can we learn about the author? A. She rarely misses a good deal.B. She seldom makes a compromise.C. She is very strict with her children.D. She is interested in cheap products.解析：根據(jù)文中第三段可知，作為一名一流的討價(jià)還價(jià)高手，作者知道每一美元的價(jià)值，由此推斷，她幾乎不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一筆能獲利的交易，故選A?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】（2015模擬題）Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden.It is just a far more ecofriendly garden.Usually it is built lower than the ground.Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(滲透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus，a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden，rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused.The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two.This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed.This is a simple，attractive，and ecofriendly “green” way to treat storm water.Whats more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.Without using expensive machinery and chemicals，rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.They may attract local wildlife such as native birds.Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.Once native plants establish the necessary root system，they will require little care.Often，local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems.However，you dont need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden.As long as youre eco­conscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.1.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?A.They are good for living conditions.B.They increase pollution.C.They can beautify the community.D.They improve the environment.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花園對(duì)環(huán)境有益，并不會(huì)增加污染。故選B。2.Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?A.They can help reduce the pollution problem.B.They can keep the rain and storm water.C.They can be healthy for the people around.D.They can make the environment more beautiful.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話(huà)“Whats more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園有助于減少污染。故A正確。3.One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that .A.they cost less and are much easier to getB.they may attract local wildlife to comeC.they require little care from the local gardenerD.they are more used to the local growing conditions答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句話(huà)“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.”可知，建議種本地的植物是因?yàn)楸镜氐闹参锔m應(yīng)本地的環(huán)境。4.What do we know about rain gardens?A.They need little water after all the plants are planted.B.They may attract local birds and change the local climate.C.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句話(huà)“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花園一周需要至少一英尺的雨水。故選C。真題摘選【3】(2013課標(biāo)卷 C篇)But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (Ill come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). 67. What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段特別是astonished可知，作者對(duì)58%的人也產(chǎn)生了懷疑，故選擇C項(xiàng)?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】真題摘選【4】(2013安徽卷 A篇)The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 59. The text probably comes from _.A. a guide book B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document解析：本文介紹了對(duì)美國(guó)年長(zhǎng)者健康生活習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果及專(zhuān)家建議。這是一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，出現(xiàn)的地方最可能是雜志，故選B項(xiàng)。【習(xí)題選編】閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案填空。BFour Must-See Route 66(66號(hào)公路) AttractionsThe United States is full of odd roadside attractions. Route 66 is home to some of the oldest and most known attractions of them all. Here are four attractions you should see along the Mother Road:1. Paul Bunyan and a Hot DogRoute 66 travelers pass by many fiberglass giants(巨人) right along the road. These giants were a popular form of advertising in the 1960s. Many of them stood in front of service stations. They held car parts, such as mufflers. The collection of Route 66 giants became known as “Muffler Men”. Businesses hoped the strange statues would get travelers attention.The first fiberglass giant was a “Paul Bunyan” figure, built in the early 1960s. It is said that Paul Bunyan is a famous wood worker.2. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica RayCrown Candy Kitchen has been serving Route 66 travelers from the very beginning. It is just a few short blocks from the 66 path through St. Louis, Missouri. The family-run soda fountain shop opened more than 100 years ago, and has been making candies and meals ever since.On weekends, people sometimes wait in line for a table at Crown Candy for over an hour. Luckily there is free entertainment right outside. Jamaica Ray, a local folk artist, creates unusual sculptures.3. The World's Largest Rocking ChairFanning, Missouri, is home to one of the strangest Route 66 attractions. Just off the road sits an almost 13-meter-tall rocking chair.The structure was completed in 2008 on the first of April, or April Fools Day. At one time the chair actually rocked. But officials decided it had to be still to be safe for ever. People are not permitted to climb the chair. We think, however, that it probably happens once in a while when no one is watching.4. Big Texan's Steak ChallengeFew places better represent the common expression “Everythings Bigger in Texas” than the Big Texan Steak Ranch. Since 1960, it has appealed to travelers with big appetites - and a big love of beef.It is hard to miss the huge yellow restaurant - or the giant cow statue that sits out front. The cow advertises Big Texans special deal, and what has made this steak ranch famous: a “free” 72-ounce(英兩) or 2 kilogram - steak. There is one trick: the steak is only free if you can eat the entire thing in one hour.A special table is in the middle of the restaurant for the daring diners who accept the challenge. Since 1990, more than 9,000 diners have eaten the entire 2-kilogram steak.1、What was considered as “Muffler Men”?A. Hot Dog B. Jamaica Ray C. Car parts D. Paul Bunyan2、Where will you maybe wait in line on weekends?A. Paul Bunyan and a Hot DogB. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica RayC. The World's Largest Rocking Chair D. Big Texan's Steak Challenge3、If you visit The World's Largest Rocking Chair, you have to _.A. get there in AprilB. climb up and rock itC. see it 13 meters awayD. travel to Fanning, Missouri4、What is Big Texan's Steak Challenge?A. The giant cow statue sits out of the huge ranch.B. Diners eat up the entire 72-ounce or 2-kilogram steak.C. The Big Texan Steak Ranch is the biggest restaurant in Texas.D. The daring diners sit around at a special table in the restaurant.參考答案14、DBDB閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2013·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二調(diào)，C)Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (導(dǎo)航) skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)可以幫助人們找到想去的地方，但GPS也會(huì)帶來(lái)許多問(wèn)題，所以使用GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)是否可靠變得不確定。1What is the best title for this passage?AIs GPS system reliable to use?BWhat is the use of GPS?CHow to make the most of GPS?DBlame! GPS or Passengers?答案：A標(biāo)題概括題。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根據(jù)第一段可知，GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)可以幫助人們找到想去的地方，但GPS也會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多問(wèn)題，所以使用GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)是否可靠變得不確定。所以A項(xiàng)最適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故答案選A。2What is the implication of the underlined part?AGPS is just a garbage device.BGPS will not correct human errors.CGPS adjusts your wrong destination.DGPS is just as smart as human beings.答案：B句意理解題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并結(jié)合上下文可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能糾正人類(lèi)的錯(cuò)誤。故答案選B。3Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?ASmall screen.BTiming of commands.COutdated maps.DDear cameras GPS uses.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句可知，A項(xiàng)是GPS的缺點(diǎn)；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，B、C兩項(xiàng)均是GPS的缺點(diǎn)。所以只有D項(xiàng)不是GPS的缺點(diǎn)。故答案選D。4According to the passage, people commonly believe that _.Ayou have to know where to go when using GPSByou need to have new competencies to use GPS wellCGPS is proper for drivers with little sense of directionDGPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps答案：C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為，GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)適合方向感差的人。C項(xiàng)符合文義，故答案選C。（2015模擬題）The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal Peoples Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am.Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，Chinas Twitter.They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(霧霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors about all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器).The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at Chinas top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，high­polluting gas fuel.Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pans proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car­free days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.1.Why did Pan Shiyi started an online survey?A.To investigate the publics opinions on pollution.B.To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather.C.To call on more people to support his proposal.D.To collect supporting evidences for his proposal.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，潘石屹發(fā)起網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，是因?yàn)樗?jì)劃向地方政府提交清潔空氣法案的提議(proposal)，首先排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，網(wǎng)上發(fā)起投票調(diào)查，是為了收集提議受到支持的證據(jù)，使其更具說(shuō)服力，故答案選D。2.What can we learn from the passage?A.People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.B.Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.C.Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.D.Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知選C，霧霾導(dǎo)致呼吸性系統(tǒng)疾病的增長(zhǎng)，尤其在老人和兒童中(抵抗力較低的人群)。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3.Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to .A.suggest Beijing should learn from other countriesB.let people know many places have this problemC.tell people the situation in Britain is worseD.call on the government to pass Britains Clean Air Act答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文最后一句可推斷出，舉例是建議北京向英