中考語法專題三 代詞考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的分類主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)I（我）me（我）復(fù)數(shù)we（我們）us（我們）第二人稱單數(shù)you（你）you（你）復(fù)數(shù) you（你們） you（你們）第三人稱單數(shù)he（他）him（他）she（她）her（她）it（它）it（它）復(fù)數(shù)they（他們、她們、它們）them（他們、她們、它們）考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞2.人稱代詞的主格和賓格的區(qū)別人稱代詞的主格 通常放在動(dòng)詞的前面動(dòng)詞的前面作句子的主語主語；人稱代詞的賓格 通常放在動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或介詞介詞的后面作句子的賓語賓語。He was born in the countryside.他出生在鄉(xiāng)村。Jack wrote to her last week.上周杰克給她寫了封信。考點(diǎn)一：人稱代詞3.人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序單數(shù)形式：you, he and I（二三一）復(fù)數(shù)形式：we, you and they（一二三）You, he and I will attend the meeting.你、他還有我將參加會議。We, you and they are all engineers.我們、你們還有他們都是工程師。考點(diǎn)自測 一1._ am not good at English. Can you help _.? （ 我）我）2. _ is so kind that we all like _. （他）（他）3. Would you like to go with _. （他們）（他們） ？4. Who will take _ to the zoo?（她）（她）Hemethemhimher I考點(diǎn)二：物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主供詞和名詞性物主代詞。物主代詞形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs考點(diǎn)二：物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語定語，后面要接名詞名詞；名詞性物主代詞起著名詞名詞的作用，后面不不能接名詞名詞Their classroom is on the second floor.他們的教室在二樓。Her shoes are different from mine.她的鞋和我的不一樣。2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：注意：雙重所有格：“名詞 + of + 名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格” The girl is a friend of his. = The girl is one of his friends. This is a photo of my fathers. = This is one of my fathers photos. 考點(diǎn)自測二用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.（1）This is _ （I） mobile phone, and that is _ （you）. （2） _ （they） school is much bigger than _ （we）.2.（1）The girl is a friend of _ （ she ）. = The girl is one of _ （she） friends. （2）This is a photo of his _ （ teacher ）. = This is one of his _ （ teacher ）photos. myyoursTheirours hersherteachersteachers 考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞1.反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式反身代詞單數(shù)第一人稱myself第二人稱yourself第三人稱himselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourselves第二人稱yourselves第三人稱themselves考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞（1）作賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。 The boy can take care of himself. 那個(gè)男孩子能照顧自己。（2）作主語或賓語的同位語，用以加強(qiáng)語氣，放在主語后或句尾。 He himself did the cleaning. = He did the cleaning himself. 他親自做的清潔。2.反身代詞的用法考點(diǎn)三：反身代詞注意：注意：反身代詞不做定語，常用 “ones own” 表達(dá)“某人自己的”。I think that I should have my own shop.我認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該有自己的店。（3）反身代詞常用短語teach oneself/ learnby oneself 自學(xué) by oneself 獨(dú)自come to oneself 恢復(fù)知覺 devote oneself to 致力于enjoy oneself 玩的開心 help oneself to 自用say to oneself 自言自語 考點(diǎn)自測三用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Little Tom fell off the bike, and he hurt _ （he）.2. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _ （we）.3. How your aunt learn to play the guitar? -By _ （she）.4. “Help _ （you） to the fruit!” I said to the twins.5. Yesterday, I saw they enjoyed _ （they） in the park.6. The work _ （it） is easy.himselfthemselvesitself herselfyourselvesourselves考點(diǎn)四：指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)指近處thisthese指遠(yuǎn)處thatthose1.作主語、賓語、表語This is a fan, and that is an air-conditioner.這是風(fēng)扇,那是空調(diào)。2.在電話中，用this（我）表示打電話者，用that（你）詢問對方。Hello! This is Jenny （speaking）. Whos that?你好！我是珍妮。你是哪位？考點(diǎn)四：指示代詞3.that和those常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中（比較結(jié)構(gòu)中（as as 同級比較，同級比較，than不不同級別比較），同級別比較），代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。that代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；those代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。The weather in Beijing is as cold as that in Qingdao in winter.在冬天北京的天氣和青島的天氣一樣冷。The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中國的人口要比日本的人口多。The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop. 這家店的蘋果比那家店的蘋果便宜得多。 考點(diǎn)自測四用所學(xué)指示代詞this, that, these, those填空。1. Hello, _ is Tom , who is _ speaking?2. The price of meat is higher than _ of rice.3. The lights in your room are as bright as _ in mine. thisthatthatthose 考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1.疑問代詞的用法及考點(diǎn)疑問代詞用法示例who（誰）做主語Who is talking there?誰在那里講話？做賓語（不能位于介詞后）Who were you talking with just now?你剛才和誰講話呢？做表語Who is the boy under the tree?在樹下的那個(gè)男孩是誰？ whom（誰）只做賓語With whom did you go?你和誰去的？考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1.疑問代詞的用法及考點(diǎn)疑問代詞用法示例Whose（誰的）做主語They are both good at physics, but whose is better?他們兩人都擅長物理，但誰的物理更好些？做賓語Whose did you borrow, Jims or Toms?你借了誰的，吉姆的還是湯姆的？做表語Whose is this dictionary?這本字典是誰的？做定語Whose T-shit is blue?誰的T恤衫是藍(lán)色的？考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1.疑問代詞的用法及考點(diǎn)疑問代詞用法示例which（哪個(gè)）做主語Which is your favorite, spring or summer?你最喜歡哪個(gè)，春天還是夏天？做賓語Which will you choose, in the end?最終你要選哪個(gè)？做定語Which city will you go?你要去哪個(gè)城市？考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞1.疑問代詞的用法及考點(diǎn)疑問代詞用法示例What（什么）做主語What makes him cry?什么事把他弄哭了？做賓語What do you usually do at weekends?你周末通常都做什么？做表語（問職業(yè)問職業(yè)）注注意：What is your father? =What does your father do? 你父親是做什么工作的？做定語What subject will you learn?你將要學(xué)什么科目？考點(diǎn)五：疑問代詞2.what與which 的區(qū)別 what 指不定數(shù)目中的“什么”，沒有一定的范圍沒有一定的范圍的限定； Which 指“哪一個(gè)，哪一些”，在一定范圍一定范圍內(nèi)特指人或物。 Which skirt do you prefer, this one or that one?你更喜歡哪條裙子，這條還是那條？3.who與what在口語中的用法區(qū)別 Who is he? 他是誰？（詢問姓名或身份） What is he? 他是干什么的？（詢問職業(yè)）考點(diǎn)自測五用疑問代詞 what , which , who , whom , whose填空1. - _ is your mother ? -She is a teacher. 2. - _ is the woman under the tree ? -She is my English teacher. 3. _ did you want to say?4. _ did he want, apples, pears or oranges ? 5. _ are you talking to? 6. _ book is this ? 7. To _ did you talk just now?What WhatWho WhatWho/ WhomWhosewhom 考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞不定代詞分為普通不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。1.普通不定代詞主要有: some, any, both, all, another, other, each, either, neither, none, one, a few, few, a little, little, many, much等。2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例oneitone與所替代的名詞是“同名異物”My eraser is lost. I need to buy a new one.我的橡皮丟了，我需要買一個(gè)新的。 it指的就是原來的事物，是“同名同物”I bought a new eraser, and I gave it to Mike.我買了一個(gè)新的橡皮，我把這送給邁克了?？键c(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例someanysome用于肯定句及表示建議，反問，請求的疑問句中，期望得到肯定回答時(shí)Ms. Green really gives us some useful advice.格林女士確實(shí)給了我們一些有用的建議。Would you like some tea?要喝點(diǎn)茶嗎？any用于否定、疑問或條件狀語從句中I dont have any good suggestions.我沒有任何好意見。If you have any questions, you may ask Joe.如果你有任何問題，你可以去問喬伊?？键c(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例eacheveryeach后面可加of,在句中可做主語、賓語、定語、同位語Each of them has a ticket.他們每個(gè)人都有票。They each have their own tickets.他們每個(gè)人都有票。every只能做定語Every student has a ticket.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有票考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例manymuchmany修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Not many films are made in Finland.芬蘭出品的電影并不多。much修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞He has much homework to do.他有許多的家庭作業(yè)要做。bothallboth兩者都，表復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)（bothand兩者都）Both of my parents are keen on sports.我父母兩個(gè)人都愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)。all三者或以上的“都” All of the students have got their books.所有的學(xué)生都拿到了他們的書。考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例eitheranyeither“二選一”，表單數(shù)單數(shù)；（eitheror或者或者）There are flowers on either side of the road.路的兩旁都種了花。any三者或以上的“任一” You dont know any of my friends.我的朋友你一個(gè)都不認(rèn)識。neithernoneneither兩者都不，表單數(shù)單數(shù)（neithernor既不也不）Neither you nor she is able to speak French.你和好都不會講法語。none三者或以上“都不”None of the us likes comic books.我們沒人喜歡漫畫書?？键c(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例a fewfewa littlelittlea few有幾個(gè)，修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Ill go to buy a few books.我要去買幾本書。few幾乎沒有（否定含義），修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)He has few friends here.他在這兒幾乎沒有什么朋友。a little有一點(diǎn)，修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞Mary can speak a little Russian.瑪麗會講一點(diǎn)俄語。little幾乎沒有（否定含義），修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞There is little milk in the fridge, is there?冰箱里沒有牛奶了，不是嗎？考點(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例anotherotheranother泛指剩下中的“另外一個(gè)”This T-shirt is too large for me. Can you show me another one?這件T恤太大了，能給我再拿一件嗎？other泛指剩下中的“其他”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，不單獨(dú)使用Some students are cleaning the windows. Other students are sweeping the floor.一些學(xué)生在擦窗子，其他人在掃地?？键c(diǎn)六：不定代詞2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析易混淆不定代詞用法示例the otherothersthe othersthe other特指范圍內(nèi)，剩下的全體The old man has two sons. One is in America and the other is in Canada.那位老人有兩個(gè)兒子。一個(gè)在美國，另一個(gè)在加拿大。others = other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Some students are cleaning the windows. Others are sweeping the floor.一些學(xué)生在擦窗子，其他人在掃地。the others = the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)In our class only Tom is Korean, the others are Chinese.在我們班只有湯姆是韓國人，其余的都是中國人。考點(diǎn)自測六選擇正確的普通不定代詞填空1.-Your dress looks beautiful. Where did you buy _? -In Shanghai. I can buy _ for you. （one / it ）2. She is _ girl .She often feels lonely because she has _ friends.（a few/ few / a little /litte）3. There is _ water in the bottle, is there?（a little/ little）4. I feel _ tired. （a little/ little）5. Are there _ （some/any） ladies in the audience?6. Would you like _ （some/any） water?ita littlelittlea littleanysome fewone考點(diǎn)自測六7. -Which do you prefer, cola or coffee ? - _ are OK . （隨便吧） - _ .（都不要） I want a cup of tea. 8. Lucy and Lily are _ from America. （both/all）9. Lucy , Lily and Tom are _ from America . （both/all） And _ of them know（s） Chinese. （Neither/ None）10. There are many trees on _ sides of the road.（either/both） 11. There are many trees on _ side of the road.（either/both） BothbothNeitherbothnoneeither all考點(diǎn)自測六12. She tried several ways, but _ of them worked. （neither/none）13. All children are pleased, for _ of them has got his own share.（each/every）14. The cake is delicious. May I have _ one ? （another/ the other/other） 15. Mr. Green has four dictionaries. One is in the living room, _ three are in his study.（another/ the other/ other）16. Beijing is bigger than any other _ in China. （ city ） 17. Beijing is bigger than all the other _ in Korea. （ city）nonethe othereachanothercitycities考點(diǎn)八：復(fù)合不定代詞（1）一般情況下，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在肯定句中；由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在疑問句和否定句中；由no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定含義。 He said nothing. = He didnt say anything. 他什么都沒說。somebody（某人）Anybody（任何人）Nobody（沒有人）everybody （ 每人）someone （某人）Anyone（任何人）no one（沒有人）everyone （ 每人）something （某物）Anything（任何事）Nothing（沒有東西）everything （ 每一件事）考點(diǎn)八：復(fù)合不定代詞（2）不定代詞做主語做單數(shù)使用。Something is wrong with her watch. 她的手表出問題了。（3） 形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置。Is there anything interesting to tell me?有什么有趣的事要告訴我嗎？ 考點(diǎn)自測七1. Would you like _ （ 甜的東西）？2. Something _ wrong with my bike. （ be ） 3. There is _ in todays newspaper. （沒什么有趣的）4. Is there _? （其他的人） nothing interestingisanyone/ anybody else something sweet