I. Words Usage:1. terrify vt. frighten sb. 使受驚嚇使受驚嚇eg. That sort of thing terrifies people.terrified adj. 嚇壞了的terrifying adj. 可怕的terror n.恐怖; 恐怖活動terrorist adj.& n 恐怖主義的；恐怖主義者terrorism n. 恐怖主義2. disgust vt. & n. （使人）反感（使人）反感, （使人）厭惡（使人）厭惡 Is there anything that disgusted you? What would you do if you are in disgust? disgusting adj. disgusted adj.Make sentences with the words above.3. contrast vt. vi. & n. 對比對比, 對照對照The colours in that picture contrast nicely.顏色在這幅圖畫里很協(xié)調(diào)。他在演講中對比了兩種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。 He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.contrast with 與截然不同, 形成鮮明的對照黃色窗簾與藍(lán)色床罩形成對比。 The yellow curtains contrast with the blue bedcover.contrast 與與compare的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：compare 強(qiáng)調(diào)對比后的差別，而contrast 只表示對比，差別由比較者自己判斷：Comparing A with B, you will find B is much better.In our country the cold weather contrasts sharply with the hot weather in the south.4. by mistake :錯誤地錯誤地Cloning is dangerous because scientists may create monsters by mistake. (Page 61) I took your cell phone instead of mine by mistake. 相關(guān)短語相關(guān)短語:make a mistake / make mistakes犯犯 Anyone will make mistakes no matter how careful he is in his life. make no mistake (about sth.):別搞錯別搞錯 Make no mistake about it, this is one crisis that wont just go away. in mistake for sth. 誤以為是；錯看成誤以為是；錯看成 Children may eat pills in mistake for sweets mistake vt. mistake sb. / sth. for sb. / sth:把把錯當(dāng)成錯當(dāng)成 I think you must be mistaking me for someone else. 5. cure vt.治愈治愈, 治好治好; 消除消除 他說他能治好我的病, 但我還是不相信他。 He says he can cure me but I still doubt him. cure sth./ cure sb. of sth 治愈某人的疾?。幌橙说闹斡橙说募膊。幌橙说?憂慮憂慮 Even whisky could not cure him of his anxieties. 記住類似cure sb. of sth. 的其他短語： rob sb. of sth.; cheat sb. of sth; inform sb. of sth.; remind sb. of sth.6. resist vt. & vi.抵抗抵抗; 對抗對抗 eg.他再也抵抗不住了。 He could resist no longer. 這個城市反抗敵人的猛攻達(dá)兩個星期之久。 The city resisted the enemy onslaught for two weeks. 必記的句型：必記的句型： resist doing sth.抵制做 cant resist doing sth. 無法抗拒做;忍不住做 resist arrest 拒捕；resist the temptation 抵制誘惑 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的，抵制的 be resistant to sth. 對有抵抗力 7. suspect sspektvt.猜疑猜疑(是是), 懷疑懷疑(是是), 覺得覺得(是是) eg. They suspected an ambush.他們疑心有埋伏。I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise. 我覺得你一度有過不同的想法。 I suspect him to know everything about that. 我猜想那件事他全都知道了。 懷疑; 不信任 We all suspect the truth of the report. 我們對報告的真實(shí)性感到懷疑。 懷疑懷疑有罪有罪 The police suspect him of having taken the money. 警察懷疑錢是他偷的。 They suspect him to be a thief. 他們懷疑他是個賊。sspekt n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing.與殺人案有關(guān)的兩名嫌疑犯正在接受審訊。sspekt adj.可疑的可疑的 eg. His reason for being absent is suspect. 他缺席的理由不足為信。 doubt 與suspect 的區(qū)別： doubt 是對某事的真實(shí)性表示懷疑： eg. I doubt whether he has stolen your money.(他可能 沒有偷你的錢。) suspect就是懷疑后者是做案的人： I suspect him to be the thief stealing your money.8. accompany vt. 陪伴陪伴, 陪同陪同 eg. May we accompany you on your walk? 我們陪你一起散步好嗎我們陪你一起散步好嗎? 伴隨伴隨同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生 Thunder often accompanies lightning. 雷聲常伴著閃電。雷聲常伴著閃電。 伴奏伴奏 accompany sb. at/on the +樂器樂器 He accompanied me at /on the guitar. 他用吉他給我伴奏。他用吉他給我伴奏。 同根詞：同根詞：company n. 1.公司公司 2.（不可（不可 數(shù)）同伴數(shù)）同伴 companion n.(可數(shù)）同伴可數(shù)）同伴9. absorb vt. 吸收吸收 Dry earth absorbs water quickly. 干土吸水很快 They absorbed a great deal of the Roman culture. 他們大量地吸收了羅馬文化。 吸引的注意力, 使全神貫注 International affairs absorb his attention. 他專心研究國際問題。 be absorbed in 專心至志于 He lay in bed, absorbed in a novel.10. arise vi. & link v.(arose, arisen, arising) 呈現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn); 出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn); 發(fā)生發(fā)生夜里來了一場大風(fēng)暴。eg. During the night a great storm has arisen.事故常常起因于粗心。Accident often arises from carelessness.他腦海中浮現(xiàn)出一幅光明燦爛的未來景象。 He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colourful in his mind. vi.起身, 起來, 起立Hearing the doorbell, he arose and went to answer it. II. Phrases:1. burn out 燃盡、熄滅；燒毀；筋疲力盡燃盡、熄滅；燒毀；筋疲力盡 eg. The fire had burnt out before the firefighters arrived. Stop working so hard - youll burn yourself out. 相關(guān)短語：burn away 燒毀；（逐漸）消滅 burn up 燒光，燒掉 burn down 燒盡、燒毀 burn to the ground 把燒成平地2. throw oneself on 撲到在撲到在上上 相關(guān)短語：throw off 匆匆脫掉衣服；扔掉 throw away 丟棄； throw up 嘔吐；舉起3. again and again time and time again once again 再三地，反復(fù)地，屢次再三地，反復(fù)地，屢次 over (and over) again time after time 3. fall against 敲打著敲打著 The rain fell against the window.4. leave alone 不管；不理會；不管；不理會； She wants to think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone. 注意：let alone 更不用說 eg. We cant afford a bicycle, let alone a car. 我們連自行車也買不起, 更不用說汽車了。 Im so sick today that I couldnt walk as far as the kitchen, let alone go to the zoo with you. 我今天病得連廚房那么遠(yuǎn)都走不動, 更不用說陪你 逛動物園了。5. on the contrary 正相反、相反地正相反、相反地 You think you are clever. On the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish. 你自以為很聰明, 相反地, 我確信你很傻。6. as good as 幾乎幾乎, 實(shí)際上實(shí)際上 Without her glasses, she was as good as blind. 不戴眼鏡, 她簡直和瞎子一樣。 The decorating is as good as finished. 裝修幾乎完工。 其它短語：as far as we know 據(jù)我所知 as well as 也，還； as long as 只要； as far as sb./sth is concerned 就而言 7. get out of control 擺脫控制；失去控制擺脫控制；失去控制 The situation has got out of control. 其它短語：beyond control 無法控制 lose control of 失去對的控制 take in/be in control 控制 under control 在控制之下8. bring back to life使使復(fù)活復(fù)活 It was this doctor who brought the unconscious patient back to life. 9. break down 1).損壞損壞, 發(fā)生故障發(fā)生故障Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.我們的車壞了, 不得不把它拖到修車廠去。2). 拆散拆散; 分類分類The firefighters broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.為了很快地進(jìn)入著火的房子, 消防隊員拆了那面墻。3). 身體、精神垮掉身體、精神垮掉His health has broken down completely.他的身體已完全垮了。4). 失敗失敗, 受挫受挫Peace talks have broken down in the Middle East.中東和平談判失敗了。5). 粉碎粉碎, 壓倒壓倒The police tried to break down the prisoners opposition.警察設(shè)法制住了那個囚犯的反抗相關(guān)短語：break up 分解、拆散、驅(qū)散；破裂 break in 闖入；break into 強(qiáng)行闖入某地 break off 中斷；折斷 break through 突破 10. as follows：列舉如下：列舉如下 He wrote as follows. 他所寫如下。 The reaction process is as follows. 該反應(yīng)過程如下。 11. vice versa : 反之亦然；反過來也一樣反之亦然；反過來也一樣 eg. What would be done to protect humans from dinosaurs and vice versa. A man of high birth maybe of low wealth and vice versa.III. Sentence patterns: 1. While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to give life to lifeless matter. (he is)狀語從句的省略狀語從句的省略: 有兩個方面：有兩個方面：(一一) 從句中的主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語動詞從句中的主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語動詞包含動詞包含動詞be時時e.g. 在等火車的時候，我與在等火車的時候，我與Jim談了很長時間。談了很長時間。While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jim.當(dāng)他還是個十歲的孩子時，就不得不夜以繼日地工作了。當(dāng)他還是個十歲的孩子時，就不得不夜以繼日地工作了。When still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.(二二)從句中主語是從句中主語是it時，時，it及后面的及后面的be也常常省略。也常常省略。e.g. 在你方便的時候來看我。在你方便的時候來看我。Come and see me when (it is) convenient for you.Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invitedIf _, I will come and help you. A. I am possible B. it was possible C. possible D. possibly2. It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.（1）復(fù)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）復(fù)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who e.g. 他沒來是因?yàn)樗×?。他沒來是因?yàn)樗×恕?他究竟是什么時候?qū)W會法語的？他究竟是什么時候?qū)W會法語的？It was because he was ill that he didnt come.When was it that he picked up his French?注意：注意：1）在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語部分時，主句剩余部分在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語部分時，主句剩余部分前的連詞不可以是前的連詞不可以是when, where, how, why等，等，只能是只能是that:例如：It is in the classroom that we hold our class meeting.It was at 12:00 oclock that his father came back.It was in this way that he worked out the problem.不可用where不可用when不可用how2). 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時，用句型：當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時，用句型：疑問詞疑問詞 is/was it that +原句剩余部分（用陳述語序）原句剩余部分（用陳述語序） + ？What do you want to say?What is it that you want to say?When did you get to know her?When was it that you get to know her?3).注意強(qiáng)調(diào)詞注意強(qiáng)調(diào)詞it與有實(shí)在意義的代詞與有實(shí)在意義的代詞it的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：It is 10 years since his father passed away.It was 10 years ago that his father passed away.It was through the window that the thief came in.It is the window through which the thief came in.4).注意在含強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中同時用其他從句的陷注意在含強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中同時用其他從句的陷阱：阱： - Grandpa, where did you get to know my grandma? - It was in this park _ we are sitting chatting now.that or where?觀察：觀察：- It was in this part where we are sitting chatting now that I got to know your grandma.3. I wish I was on the other side of the world. I wish I had not created this creature. wish后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣：后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣：were現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來：過去時（過去時（did/were）過去完成時過去完成時would/could/might+V. shoulde.g. 但愿我像你一樣努力。但愿我像你一樣努力。 我們過去對英語學(xué)習(xí)多重視一些就好了。我們過去對英語學(xué)習(xí)多重視一些就好了。 我希望他能再試一次。我希望他能再試一次。 I wish I worked as hard as you .were as hard-working as you. We wish we had paid more attention to our English study.I wish he would/could try again.4.more than 1). 后接名詞時表示后接名詞時表示“不止是不止是”“”“不僅僅不僅僅He is a lecturer; he is a writer,too. 他不僅是我的朋友他不僅是我的朋友 He is a friend to me. 2). 接數(shù)詞表示接數(shù)詞表示“超過超過 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 overI have known him for five years.不止一人受傷不止一人受傷More than one person was injured. 3).后接形容詞表示后接形容詞表示“很很”非常非?！?It is more than possible that it will rain. 他非常樂意幫我們他非常樂意幫我們. They were more than willing to help us. 4).后接動詞表示后接動詞表示“非常非?！薄啊薄安恢共恢埂薄啊薄俺龀觥?He more than satisfied me. 我不止看到它，我能感受到它我不止看到它，我能感受到它. I more than saw it，and I felt it. 5).后接副詞表示后接副詞表示“過于過于” He dressed more than simply. 她她對待他們過于耐心對待他們過于耐心. She treated them more than patiently. 6).后接后接can /could的從句的從句,常含有否定之意常含有否定之意 The cold was more than we could stand/bear. 7).more often than not 往往往往/多半多半 More often than not, I get up at 5:30 every morning.每天早晨每天早晨5點(diǎn)半起床點(diǎn)半起床. 8).more than one +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞: 不止一個不止一個 More than one student has learned it . More than one student was late. 9).后接介詞后接介詞:與其說像與其說像不如說更像不如說更像 It is more like an apple than a pear. 與其說它像梨，不如說更與其說它像梨，不如說更像一個蘋果。像一個蘋果。