高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英 語(yǔ)必修1Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood課程解讀課程解讀話題A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood(社會(huì)調(diào)查我的鄰居）功能Showing position and direction(指明位置與方向）語(yǔ)法Present perfect tense(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1.investigation n.調(diào)查2.sound vi.聽起來3.bother vt.打擾；麻煩4.approach vt.接近5.exchange vt.交換6.afford vt.買得起，有能力支付7.contact vt.聯(lián)絡(luò)；聯(lián)系（某人）8.fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的；吉祥的unfortunate（反義詞）adj.不幸的fortune n.運(yùn)氣9.starve vi.餓死starvation n.饑餓10.occupation n.職業(yè)occupy v.占據(jù)11.fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的fascinate v.使著迷fascination n.魅力12.survive vi.幸存survival n.幸存，僥幸活下來13.attracting adj.有吸引力的attract v.吸引attraction n.吸引力課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.as a result 因此，結(jié)果2.such as諸如之類的3.go up上升；上漲4.put up建造；張貼5.get away from擺脫6.pay back歸還；報(bào)復(fù)7.a great many許多，大量8.so far到目前為止重點(diǎn)句型1.Its been six years since we last saw each other.自從上次我們見面以來已有六年了2.It/This/That is the first time that.這/那是第一次3.What+be+主語(yǔ)+like?(用來征求對(duì)方意見)詢問某人或某些情況怎樣知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)一 單詞1. bother vt. 打擾，麻煩，使煩擾vi. 操心，花費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力n.U（做某事）不便；C引起麻煩或不便的人或事歸納拓展（1）bother sb.with/about sth.拿某事煩擾某人bother about/with sb./sth.為某人/某事而煩惱；操心某人/某事bother to do sth.煩心/費(fèi)力做某事be bothered about sb./sth.關(guān)心某人/某事（2）have no/much/little bother（in）doing做不費(fèi)力/很費(fèi)力/幾乎不費(fèi)力知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。Dont bother with the letters，theyre not urgent.不要為這些信操心，它們不是急件。We had a lot of bother finding our way there.我們費(fèi)了很大勁才找到去那里的路。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】I know this is not quite the right word，but I cant be _ to think of a better one.A.disturbedB.botheredC.troubledD.worried【解析解析】句意為：我知道這個(gè)詞不完全準(zhǔn)確，但我不想費(fèi)事再想一個(gè)更恰當(dāng)?shù)摹isturb常指“精神上的混亂”；bother指“費(fèi)心，麻煩”；trouble常用于“麻煩別人”；worry指“焦躁不安”。故選B?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. approach v.& n. 靠近；著手處理（事務(wù)等）；接近；靠近；著手處理（事務(wù)等）；接近；通道；方法通道；方法歸納拓展（1）at the approach of 在快到的時(shí)候at ones approach某人一接近approach to .的方法、步驟（其中to是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式）make an approach to對(duì)進(jìn)行探討（2）approach sb.on/about sth.為某事與某人打交道知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Now were leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.現(xiàn)在我們正離開商業(yè)區(qū)，前往港口。All approaches to the town were blocked.所有進(jìn)城的道路都被封鎖了。They presented a new approach to learning computer skills.他們提出了學(xué)習(xí)電腦技術(shù)的新方法。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】In some cases，different approaches _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.A.toB.withC.aboutD.of【解析解析】句意為：在有些情況下，對(duì)同一科學(xué)問題的不同研究方式會(huì)得出完全相悖的結(jié)論。approach to.為固定搭配，意為“的方法（途徑）”，其中to為介詞。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)As I_ the little grass house in the forest,my heart beat more and more quickly.A.approachedB.walkedC.ranD.stepped【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。approach“走近，靠近”；walk“走路，散步”；run“跑，管理”；step“向前邁步”。句意為：當(dāng)我走近森林里那個(gè)小草屋時(shí)，我的心跳越來越快。根據(jù)句意，選A?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. contact vt. 與（某人）接觸；與（某人）聯(lián)系與（某人）接觸；與（某人）聯(lián)系n.U接觸，傳達(dá)，交流意見；接觸，傳達(dá)，交流意見；C有聯(lián)系；關(guān)系，接有聯(lián)系；關(guān)系，接觸觸歸納拓展come into/be in contact with sb.與某人有來往；和某人接觸get in/into contact with sb.=make contact with sb.與某人取得聯(lián)系keep in contact/touch with sb.與某人保持聯(lián)系be out of/lose contact with.與失去聯(lián)系知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview.記者聯(lián)系了有關(guān)人員并約定時(shí)間進(jìn)行一次面對(duì)面的采訪。They have been/have remained in contact with each other all these years.他們這些年來一直有/保持聯(lián)系。After the earthquake,people lost contact with outside.地震后，人們與外界失去了聯(lián)系。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Its good manners to maintain eye _ when talking or listening to others.A.contactB.touchC.communicationD.connection【解析解析】eye contact是固定用法，意為“目光接觸；眼神交匯”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4. afford v. 擔(dān)負(fù)得起（費(fèi)用），抽得出（時(shí)間），提供擔(dān)負(fù)得起（費(fèi)用），抽得出（時(shí)間），提供歸納拓展（1）afford意為“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，常與can,could,be able to連用，后接名詞、代詞或不定式。（2）afford sth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起某物的費(fèi)用afford to do sth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事的費(fèi)用afford+ sb.sth.sth. to sb.給予某人某物知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.房屋價(jià)格的上升使本地區(qū)的人們買不起那兒的房子。His own garden affords fresh vegetables to the family.他自家的菜園為一家人提供新鮮蔬菜。Music affords us pleasure.音樂給我們帶來歡樂。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Arent you going to buy that car?It is modern and comfortable.Yes，it is.But I can_ tsuch an expensive car now.A.affordB.liveC.hopeD.offer【解析解析】考查afford sth.“負(fù)擔(dān)得起某物”的用法。答句句意為：是的，但是現(xiàn)在我買不起這么貴的汽車。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5. survive vt.比比活得長(zhǎng)，幸免于活得長(zhǎng)，幸免于；從；從中逃中逃生生vi.活下來，幸存活下來，幸存歸納拓展（1）A survive B A比B活得時(shí)間長(zhǎng)survive the accident/fire/earthquake在事故/火災(zāi)/地震中幸免于難survive from.從幸存下來survive on.靠維持生活，靠存活下來（2）survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者，死里逃生的人知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.所有這些都意味著許多西歐村莊都在為生存而斗爭(zhēng)。She survived her husband for 10 years.她比她丈夫多活了10年。She is barely surviving on her monthly social security payment. 她靠每月的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)金勉強(qiáng)維持生活。It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.很幸運(yùn)他得以從大地震中幸免于難。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Theres little chance that mankind would _ a nuclear war.A.retainB.endureC.maintainD.survive【解析解析】句意為：人類經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而能幸免于難，這種可能性是很小的。survive意為“幸存，幸免于”，符合題意。retain意為“保持，保留”；endure主要指“忍受疼痛、折磨”；maintain意為“維持、保持”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二要點(diǎn)二 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)1.put up建造，搭起；張貼；為建造，搭起；張貼；為提供食宿提供食宿歸納拓展put away 儲(chǔ)存（錢）；儲(chǔ)存以備用；儲(chǔ)蓄put forward 提出（意見、建議等）put off 延期；推遲put on 假裝；偽裝；表演，上演（戲?。?；穿上，戴上put through 接通電話知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Theyve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.最近他們已建起了許多高樓大廈。We had to put up at inn for the night.我們只好在客棧里過夜。The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.這次考試成績(jī)將于星期五中午公布。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】An industry-theme museum is to _ where there was once an iron factory, which did a lot for the country in the past. A.put offB.be put upC.put outD.be put down【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。put off“推遲；拖延”；put up“張貼，建造”；put out“撲滅”；put down“寫下，記下”。句意為：一所以工業(yè)為主題的博物館即將在原先鋼鐵廠所在的那個(gè)位置建造，過去這個(gè)鋼鐵廠為這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村做了許多貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意，選B。【答案答案】B知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. go up（價(jià)格、溫度等）上升，上漲；被興建，被建（價(jià)格、溫度等）上升，上漲；被興建，被建造；攀爬造；攀爬歸納拓展go up to上升至go up by以某種速度（比例）上升go after追求，追逐go back to追溯到，起源于go out出去；熄滅go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查go through瀏覽，翻閱；遭受；經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查go without沒有也勉強(qiáng)過得去知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：I believe prices might go up next week.我認(rèn)為下周價(jià)格可能上漲。New office blocks are going up everywhere.新的辦公建筑物正在到處興建。They went up the hill the other day.前幾天他們?nèi)ヅ郎搅恕ＶR(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The price of the goods has _ but our income doesnt increase.A.gone upB.been gone upC.brought downD.been brought down【解析解析】句意為：商品價(jià)格上漲了，但我們的收入沒有增加。go up意為“上升，上漲”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選A。bring down“降低價(jià)格”，及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但不合句意，故排除C、D項(xiàng)，選A?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. a great many許多，大量的許多，大量的歸納拓展英語(yǔ)中有些表示“許多，大量”的短語(yǔ)后接可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的情況不同，歸納如下：知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（5）large quantities of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞（作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）例句：A great many books have been published this year.今年出版了很多書。It seems that a great number of them are out of work now.他們很多人現(xiàn)在好像都失業(yè)了。The number of people invited was one hundred,but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀請(qǐng)了一百人，但是很多人由于各種原因而缺席。Large quantities of water have been polluted with the development of industry.隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，大量的水被污染了。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】I hear _ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball.A.quite a lotB.quite a fewC.quite a bitD.quite a little【解析解析】修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞boys,C、D兩項(xiàng)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，故排除；a lot修飾名詞時(shí)后面要加of。故選擇B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)This year an increased number of drivers _ for speeding.A.have punishedB.have been punishedC.has punishedD.has been punished【解析解析】考查主謂一致和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為：今年已有更多的司機(jī)由于超速行駛而受罰。an increased number of drivers作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而且drivers與punish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故B是最佳選項(xiàng)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三要點(diǎn)三 句型句型Its been six years since we last saw each other.自從上次我們見面已有自從上次我們見面已有6年了年了歸納拓展（1）“It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句中的動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)）”，是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞表示延續(xù)性的句型。（2）如果表示“在過去以前某人做某事持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間”則用句型“It was/had been+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句中用短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)）”。（3）此句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的動(dòng)詞若為短暫性動(dòng)詞，則動(dòng)詞詞義和句意相同，即“自從至今已有多久了”；若從句中的動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則動(dòng)詞詞義和句意相反，即“自從不已經(jīng)多久了”。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：It is/has been 5 years since he left Beijing.他離開北京已5年了。It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijing.他不在北京住已經(jīng)有5年了。It was several years since the war had broken out.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)爆發(fā)好幾年了。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Is it for two months _ they have stayed here?No, it is only three weeks _ they arrived here.A.that;sinceB.that;whenC.when;thatD.since;before【解析解析】第一空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who.”,此題為疑問句形式;第二空考查“It is+一段時(shí)間+since從句”的用法。句意為：他們?cè)谶@里待了有兩個(gè)月了吧？不，他們到這兒僅僅只有三周的時(shí)間。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.because【解析解析】句意為：自從我們上一次見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)差不多五年了。since“自從”，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句意為“自從（已經(jīng)多久）了”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)四要點(diǎn)四 語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但與現(xiàn)在的情況有關(guān)系，即用一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作來說明現(xiàn)在的情況，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成是助動(dòng)詞“have/has+done（過去分詞）”。其否定形式為：have/has+not+done(過去分詞)；其被動(dòng)形式為：have/has+been done（過去分詞）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其后果和影響現(xiàn)在仍存在，過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果相聯(lián)系。此時(shí)句中常有already,ever,never,yet,just,before等副詞作狀語(yǔ)，也可不用任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例句：I have seen the film The Gold Rush before.我看過電影淘金熱。（已看過）(2)表示過去開始并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。肯定句中只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；否定句中用延續(xù)性、終止性動(dòng)詞均可。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如for two months,since等，也可以表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如this morning,recently,in the past few years等。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He has worked here for 20 years.他在這兒工作了20年了。He hasnt spoken English since he left school.自從離開學(xué)校他沒說過英語(yǔ)。注意：在肯定句中非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，需要時(shí)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞替換。I have kept/had the new car for a month.我這輛新車買了一個(gè)月了。（此時(shí)不能用bought）知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Mr Black has been back to China twice since 2006.布萊克先生自2006年以來曾兩次回到中國(guó)。（此時(shí)不能用come back）(3)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來完成的動(dòng)作。例句：I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it.我一看完這本書就借給你。(4)與表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及包括有現(xiàn)在時(shí)間意義在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如already，ever，never，yet，just，recently等。例句：Now Ive got used to having Chinese food.現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣吃中國(guó)菜了。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(5)先行詞是最高級(jí)形式或被最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：This is the most moving story that Ive heard about.這是我聽過的最感人的故事。(6)被the first time，several times，again and again等表示次數(shù)或重復(fù)的狀語(yǔ)修飾，所說的又是現(xiàn)在的事情時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（盡管動(dòng)作行為發(fā)生或開始于過去某一時(shí)間）。例句：This is the first time that I have been here.這是我第一次到這兒。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】You dont have to play that record so loud,do you？Im sorry. _ you？A.Has it been botheringB.Did it botherC.Will it botherD.Had it bothered【解析解析】句意為：你必須要將錄音機(jī)的聲音開得那么大嗎？對(duì)不起，一直打擾你了嗎？由句意可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示在說話人說話的同時(shí)動(dòng)作仍在持續(xù)。【答案答案】A知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.A.has been left unfinishedB.has left to finish C.was left to finishD.had been left unfinished 【解析解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“自從電腦出現(xiàn)故障后，我的論文還沒完成”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；又因essay與leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。綜述，正確答案為A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years.A.discoveredB.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered【解析解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。“in the past+時(shí)間段”表示“最近多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而substances與discover之間又是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)This is one of the happiest days _ spent in my life.A.that have ever beenB.that have never beenC.which was everD.which we have never【解析解析】先行詞days有最高級(jí)the happiest修飾，故引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；本句句意為：這是我人生中度過的最快樂的日子之一，應(yīng)為肯定句，故排除B選項(xiàng)，答案為A?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Ever since the Greens _ to the countryside half a year ago,the family _ better health.A.move;have been enjoyingB.moved;have enjoyedC.moved;have been enjoyedD.moved;enjoying【解析解析】從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為half a year ago,所以第一空應(yīng)為過去時(shí)；主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為ever since“自從以來”,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故答案為B?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽Thank you !