第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一節(jié)巧用上下文語境第一節(jié)巧用上下文語境所謂語境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填所謂語境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空試題中，語境題是考查考生感知語言材料時(shí)所具空試題中，語境題是考查考生感知語言材料時(shí)所具備的基礎(chǔ)知識、閱讀能力、思維判斷能力的綜合性備的基礎(chǔ)知識、閱讀能力、思維判斷能力的綜合性試題，要求考生在解答試題時(shí)，以語篇為根本，根試題，要求考生在解答試題時(shí)，以語篇為根本，根據(jù)試題所處的語言環(huán)境來作出正確的判斷與選擇。據(jù)試題所處的語言環(huán)境來作出正確的判斷與選擇。該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力。分析、推理、判斷的能力。在高考完形填空試題中，語境題所占比例最大，在高考完形填空試題中，語境題所占比例最大，約在約在50%以上?？疾閷唧w語境的理解是近幾年全以上?？疾閷唧w語境的理解是近幾年全國各省市高考完形填空的最大特點(diǎn)，充分體現(xiàn)了高國各省市高考完形填空的最大特點(diǎn)，充分體現(xiàn)了高考考“突出語境、淡化語法突出語境、淡化語法”的改革思路和命題精神。的改革思路和命題精神。例例1 Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks_1_than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.In fact，nonverbal communication(非言語交際非言語交際) takes up about 50% of what we really _3_And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures(文化文化)What is called body language is so much，a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.一、根據(jù)上文語境考查下文語境一、根據(jù)上文語境考查下文語境1A.straighter Blouder Charder Dfurther2A.sands BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages3A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean4A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult 1解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“It speaks _1_than w o r d s . ” 及 下 文及 下 文 “ I n f a c t ， n o n v e r b a l communication takes up about 50% of what we really _3_”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：D3解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：D4解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：C例例2 Around twenty years ago I was living in York.Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree，I could not find satisfying work.I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面試面試) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job.“Why has my life become so _？”I thought painfully.Ahard BbusyCserious Dshort 根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“I could not find satisfying work.to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面試面試)with company and.they called to say I did not get the job.”可可知知，生活艱難生活艱難(hard)。解析：解析：答案：答案：A例例1 I wasnt the only one “new” at the game，so I decided to _on learning the game，do my best at each practice session，and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt know “just yet”Afocus BactCrely Dtry二、利用下文語境考查上文語境二、利用下文語境考查上文語境 根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“do my best at each practice session”可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球，把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上，故選故選A。focus on“把精力集中到把精力集中到上上”；act on“按照按照而行動而行動”；rely on“依賴依賴”；try on“試穿試穿”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有focus on才能和才能和learning the game連用。連用。解析：解析：答案：答案：A例例2 Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！.For example，different societies treat the_1_between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact(接觸接觸) even with friends，certainly not with strangers.People from Latin American countries on the other hand， touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in conversation it may look like a Latino is _3_a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _4_The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep backing away which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.1A.trade BdistanceCconnections Dgreetings2A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone3A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing4A.closer BfasterCin Daway 1解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact.touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知，應(yīng)選應(yīng)選distance。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“People from Latin American countries on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知，指身體的指身體的(bodily)接觸。接觸。答案：答案：C 3解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“The Latino，trying to express friendship.which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.”可知。句意：因此可知。句意：因此，在談話時(shí)在談話時(shí)，就有可能看起來好像一個(gè)就有可能看起來好像一個(gè)Latino跟著跟著(following)一一個(gè)個(gè)Norwegian在屋里團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)在屋里團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。答案：答案：D4解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知可知，應(yīng)選應(yīng)選closer。答案：答案：A例例1 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸藥炸藥).the article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became _by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.Afamous BsickCrich Dpopular三、考查對上下文語境的綜合理解三、考查對上下文語境的綜合理解 由首句由首句“became a millionaire”和和后文后文“give the largest part of his money”可知可知，此空應(yīng)選此空應(yīng)選C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C例例2 The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example，people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.In one study，shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)_Tshirt than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words.Aexpensive BplainCcheap Dstrange 根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.”及下文及下文“than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words”可知可知，應(yīng)選與，應(yīng)選與offensive words相對的相對的plain(素色的素色的，無裝飾的無裝飾的，樸素的樸素的)。解析：解析：答案：答案：B利用上下文語境解答下列完形填空題。利用上下文語境解答下列完形填空題。(一一)Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I tried to find a _1_ position and thought it might be restful，just kind of nice，to be_2_ around for a while.Looking around，I _3_ I would have to handle the thing myself!u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練1A.flexible BsafeCstarting Dcomfortable2A.shown BpushedCdriven DGuided3A.realized Bsuggested Cagreed Dadmitted1解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“sitting in wheelchair”可知可知此處意為此處意為“我試著找一個(gè)比較舒服的姿勢我試著找一個(gè)比較舒服的姿勢”。答案：答案：D2解析：解析：根據(jù)上文中的根據(jù)上文中的 wheelchair 可知選可知選pushed，be pushed around表示表示“被別人推著到處轉(zhuǎn)被別人推著到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”。答案：答案：B3解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“restful，just kind of nice”及下文及下文“I would have to handle the things myself！”可知作者意識到可知作者意識到(realize)事情并不像自己想的那樣事情并不像自己想的那樣。答案：答案：A (二二) I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it.When I was 13，my parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan，a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion(鐘愛鐘愛)ever since_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. Ive long made Yosemite my home. As a rockclimbing guide，I knew nothing about organizing any big event.But in 2004，together with some climbers.Aimagining BpaintingCdescribing Dclimbing解析：解析：根據(jù)上文根據(jù)上文“I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it”及下及下文文“As a rockclimbing guide”可知可知，從那時(shí)以從那時(shí)以來來，攀巖攀巖(climbing)和爬山成了我的鐘愛和爬山成了我的鐘愛。答案：答案：D (三三)Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to treat others.However，some people argue that rules may be _，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right?Adisgusting BconfusingCunsafe Dunimportant解析：解析：根據(jù)下文根據(jù)下文“.rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right？”可知應(yīng)選可知應(yīng)選confusing(令令人困惑的人困惑的)。答案：答案：B (四四)But the phone didnt work，and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway，he was_1_by a wall of flames.Sibson realized he was trapped(困困住住)Sibsons house was three kilometers _2_the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be_3_1A.burned BstoppedCshocked Dcovered2A.beside BoffCacross Dalong3A.limited BfalseCfruitless Dregretful1解析：解析：從下文的從下文的“Sibson realized he was trapped.”可知他被火墻可知他被火墻“攔住了攔住了”。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：從下文的從下文的“and was so well hidden by trees”可知可知Sibson的房子應(yīng)該的房子應(yīng)該“遠(yuǎn)離遠(yuǎn)離”主干道。主干道。答案：答案：B3解析：解析：從上文的從上文的“Sibsons house was off the main road，so well hidden by trees”可知呼救是可知呼救是“沒沒有結(jié)果的有結(jié)果的”。答案：答案：C (五五)Although Id left myself plenty of time，soon it was _1_ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _2_direction.1A.strange BnecessaryCobvious Dimportant2A.same BrightCgeneral Dopposite解析：解析：先由先由“mistakenly boarded a bus”可可知是坐錯(cuò)了車知是坐錯(cuò)了車，從而走錯(cuò)了方向從而走錯(cuò)了方向，所以第所以第2題是題是opposite，選選D。因?yàn)樽e(cuò)車。因?yàn)樽e(cuò)車，所以很明顯要遲到所以很明顯要遲到了了，第第1題應(yīng)選題應(yīng)選C。答案：答案：1.C2.D