1(2)2構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個或某段時間，并對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)。常和for， since，already, yet, recently, lately, once, twice, just, ever, never， during/in/over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)，in recent years，so far, by now, up/till(to) now, of late, these days等狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時3I havent heard from him of late.（表示最近我沒有他的消息）最近我沒收到他的來信。I have seen the film before. (表示我知道影片的內(nèi)容)我以前看過這部電影。4（2） 在“最高級名詞”或“這是第幾次”之后所接的定語從句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.這是我所讀過的最有趣的一本書。It/This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.這是我第一次來北京。5（3）在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.我一寫完信就去寄了。6（4） 瞬間動詞不能與for短語連用。He has left the city for two years.(錯誤)He has been away from the city for two years. (正確)他離開這個城市已經(jīng)兩年了。7一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較：一般過去時所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒有任何聯(lián)系。凡有過去時間狀語的均用過去時態(tài),不能用完成時。如：She read the book last year. （只說明去年看了這本書這一事實，而與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。）8而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是過去發(fā)生的事情對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果。如：She has read the book. （說明她看過這本書，強調(diào)她知道了這本書的內(nèi)容。）9現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時構(gòu)成：have/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個動作開始于過去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并強調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進行。I have been waiting for his letter all the morning.整個早上我都在等他的信。10現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的比較：現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的比較：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。He has learned English for ten years. （他學(xué)英語10年了，到現(xiàn)在已停止學(xué)英語或者可能還在學(xué)。）11現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強調(diào)還在進行之中。He has been learning English for ten years. （從過去某一時間開始學(xué)英語，強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）12過去完成時過去完成時構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞（1）表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生的動作。常與by，by the end of，by the time，until，before等狀語連用。By the end of last term, we had learned 3，000 words. 到上學(xué)期末止，我們已學(xué)了3000個單詞。13（2）強調(diào)兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時。The train had left when I arrived at the station.我到車站時，火車已離開了。14（3）expect, intend, mean, suppose, think和want等用于過去完成時中，表示沒有完成的意圖和計劃等。He had expected to win the first place but the judge was just unfair.他當(dāng)時很想拿第一名，但裁判不公平。15（4）過去完成時用在would rather that 從句中（對過去的希望）I would rather you had come last night.我寧愿你昨晚來。16（5）It was the first/second/thirdtime that+主語had doneIt was the second time that I had visited this factory.這是我第二次參觀這個工廠。17() 1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.(2010全國卷)A. wear B. wearsC. has worn D. have worn18B句意：Barbara很容易被認出來，因為她是唯一一個穿晚禮服的女士。如果定語從句修飾的先行詞是the only one of the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果修飾one of the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。19() 2. Why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. (2010江蘇卷)A. was paintingB. will be paintingC. have paintedD. have been painting20D考查動詞的時態(tài)。答話人敘述的是現(xiàn)在的事實，再結(jié)合答語中的時間狀語可知答話人從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在粉刷房子，而且還要持續(xù)下去，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 21() 3. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall. (2010浙江卷)A. eat B. would eatC. have eaten D. will be eating22D考查動詞的時態(tài)。從if條件句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)可以知道，主句應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)，故排除A、B和C項。D項是將來進行時態(tài)，強調(diào)“將來某個時刻正在進行的動作”，符合句意與語法。23() 4. We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. (2010天津卷)A. are workingB. have been workingC. worked D. had worked 24B考查動詞時態(tài)。后面的Lets have a rest說明到現(xiàn)在為止我們一直在工作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示持續(xù)進行的動作。25() 5. Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. (2010全國卷)A. was doing B. would doC. had done D. do26A考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在寫作業(yè)”。表示在過去某個時間段正在進行的動作，應(yīng)用過去進行時，因此答案是A。27() 6. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973. (2010重慶卷)A. had come B. has comeC. came D. comes28C考查時態(tài)。since所引導(dǎo)的從句通常用一般過去時。 29書面表達：應(yīng)用文寫作技巧（四）演講稿書面表達：應(yīng)用文寫作技巧（四）演講稿 【要點概述】演講稿又稱演說詞，是為進行演講而預(yù)先寫好的書面文稿，它必須直接應(yīng)用于口頭表達。30演講稿語言的通俗性，語言力求通俗流暢，文字要精確而又富有概括性。演講稿語言的鼓動性，要求語言生動、鮮明、形象，具有感情上的沖擊力。演講稿大體由三部分組成，主要有開頭、主體和結(jié)尾。演講稿是以議論為主的一種文體，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。31常用開頭語：Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon! Im very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. Today my topic is I hope you will like it./Dear teacher and classmates, I am very glad to make a speech here.結(jié)尾語：Thank you!/Thank you for your listening!32 【體驗高考】 (2010福建卷)假設(shè)你是李華，福建省某中學(xué)高中學(xué)生，今年暑假將前往澳大利亞參加主題為“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活動。請你以參訪代表的身份，根據(jù)以下圖片提示，用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿。33注意：1根據(jù)圖片的內(nèi)容適當(dāng)展開，以使行文連貫；2開頭與結(jié)尾已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；3文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息；4詞數(shù)：120左右。參考詞匯：短缺 shortage; 資源 resourceLadies and gentlemen， Good morning, Im Li Hua from Fujian, China. Its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. _ Thats all. Thank you.35One possible version：Ladies and gentlemen， Good morning. Im Li Hua from Fujian, China. Its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, its high time we did something about it.36 Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, its everyones responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. 37 In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically. Thats all. Thank you.38【強化演練】 學(xué)校里一些同學(xué)互相攀比，追求時髦和高檔消費。請你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息，寫一篇題為“My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”的英文演講稿。39現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象模仿明星發(fā)型；模仿明星發(fā)型；穿名牌衣服、名牌鞋子；穿名牌衣服、名牌鞋子；使用高檔手機；使用高檔手機；原因原因追求美；追求美；愛面子；愛面子；感覺很酷；感覺很酷；你的看法你的看法（請考生自己擬定內(nèi)容，列舉兩至（請考生自己擬定內(nèi)容，列舉兩至三點。）三點。）40 Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”._ Thank you for listening!41One possible version: Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”. Now in our school there is a hot pursuit of fashion. Some students live a very expensive life. They have the same hairstyles as their favorable stars and wear top brand of clothes and shoes. Some use expensive mobile phones. The reasons why they do so are as follows. 42Firstly, they hope to look smart and special. Secondly, they want to win others admiration and respect. In addition, it makes them feel cool. As far as I am concerned, we students should hold the right sense of values. We should practice thrift in our daily life because it is one of our Chinese traditional virtues. Whats more, it is advisable for us to donate some pocket money to the Hope Project so that43those poor children in rural areas can return to school to receive normal education. Last but not least, it is the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes us respectable. Thank you for listening!