Unit 4 Making the news基礎(chǔ)落實(shí).高頻單詞思憶1.“Investing in agriculture for food security” is the (主要的) topic of that meeting.2.There are about 5,000 people (雇用)in the factory. 3.The programme is (為打算的) for children.4.The court found her (有罪的) of murder.5.Careless mistakes result from a lack of (專心).6.Please state your name,age and (職業(yè)).7.She is e for her parents approval.8.He works for a company that p reference books. 9.The c rate is rising.10.Its about time we u our software.Pre- ReadingI.Choose the correct answers:1. Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment at the office of a popular Eglish newspaper because _A his first assignment was quite a failure. B Hu Xin was very strict with him even though he was a new reporter. C his new boss Hu Xin asked him to go out on a story by him self.D his discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin to strongly influence his life as a reporter.2. Zhou Yang can cover a story on his own only when_A he has a nose for a story. B he listens to the answers carefully. C he is interested in photography.D he has seen what an experienced reporter does.3. Who will take the pictures when Zhou Yang goes out on a story for the first time?A Zhou Yang himself. B A professional photographer. C Hu Xin.D A more experienced reporter. 4.Which of the following is NOT included in Hu Xins list of dos and donts?A Dont be rude.B Dont talk too much yourself but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.C Dont miss your dealine.D Dont laugh at the people being interviewed.5. When can a new reporter cover a story by himself? A. Never can a new reporter cover a story by himself. B. Only after he has seen what an experienced reporter does. C. Not until he is old enough . D. Only when he takes a camera with him.6. The footballer was thought to be guilty because .A. He usually told lies.B. He stopped the reporter publishing an article.C. He took money for deliberately not scoring in order to let the other team win. D. He bribed another football team.II.Choose the correct explanation to the phrases.1 what do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story.A. to go and interview somebody about an incident or happening B. to write a story C. to make up a story 2 A good reporter must have a “nose” for a story.A. to have a sense about what is going to happenB. to be able to “smell”when somebody is trying to hide a good story that may reflect badly on him/herself.C. to be able to ask the truth from the one who is interviewed.3. This is a trick of the trade.A something that cheats sb B something that helps you do the job in a professional way. C something used to achieve secrets.4. We sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all your facts straight.A.to make sure that the story is accurateB.to get the facts directlyC.to get the things speciallyLanguage PointsImportant words:Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you,. (回歸課本P26)Eg,They were assisting police with their inquiries 他們正協(xié)助警察調(diào)查。 He assisted her to find employment. 他幫助她找工作。 Their presence would assist in keeping the peace. 他們?cè)谀莾簩⒂兄诰S護(hù)和平。assist vi. & vt. 幫助；援助assist (sb.) in (doing) sth.幫助（某人）做某事(2)assistance n.幫助；援助come to sb.s assistance援助某人with the assistance of.在幫助下2. concentrate .,so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested. (回歸課本P26)concentrate vt. & vi. 專心于；注意；集中。多和on和upon或連用e.g. Please concentrate on the lesson. She couldnt concentrate on a book very long. He has concentrated on his work this year.concentrate ones attention on致力于；把注意力集中在concentrate on sth.集中精力做某事；全神貫注于concentration n.集中；專心(2)focus ones attention on sth.（=fix ones attention on sth.）集中注意力于put ones mind in.專心于apply oneself/ones mind to.專心于put ones heart into.集中精力be absorbed in.一心一意于be lost in.傾心于 The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge. (回歸課本P28) Eg, The law defends people from wrong. 法律保護(hù)人民不受冤屈。 He made a long speech defending his ideas. 他發(fā)表了長(zhǎng)篇演說為他的見解進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。 We shall defend our island,whatever the cost may be. 不論代價(jià)多大，我們都將保衛(wèi)我們的海島。歸納總結(jié)defend v. 保護(hù)；為辯護(hù) 。defend against保衛(wèi)；抵抗defend.from.保衛(wèi)使不受（傷害）protect.from.防止遭受，使免于prevent/stop/keep.from.阻止做某事易混辨異defend,protect,guard(1)defend指用武力或其他措施保護(hù)某人/物在面臨危險(xiǎn)時(shí)不受損害。(2)protect指利用各種安全防御措施，盡力照顧某人/物以使其不受傷害。(3)guard的意思則為“留心守望；警戒”，防止可能遇到的攻擊或侵害。They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. （回歸課本P26） Eg, I will inform you if there is any change. 如有變動(dòng)我會(huì)通知你的。 “Hes already left”,she informed us.“他已經(jīng)走了，”她告訴我們說。歸納總結(jié)inform vt.告知；通知 。inform sb.of/about sth.告知某人某事inform sb.(that).通知某人informed adj.了解情況的；見識(shí)廣的keep sb.informed使某人隨時(shí)了解最新情況Have you ever had a where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?（回歸課本P26） In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment. 在某些情況下，人們必須等上好幾周才能得到約見。 The hospital has received a severe case of typhoid. 醫(yī)院剛接待了一起傷寒重病例。 The case will be heard next week. 此案下周審理。case n.意為： 情況；病例；案例 。in case以防；倘若in case of如果；萬一in any case無論如何in no case決不in that case在那種情況下in the case of就而言；至于as is often the case這是常有的事注意 in no case置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝；in case是連詞短語，可以引出條件句，句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來；in case of為介詞短語，常與其搭配的詞有fire,rain,danger,difficulty,war等。 Last of all,the chief editor read it and approve it.(回歸課本P30) Marys parents now approve of her marriage. 瑪麗的父母現(xiàn)在同意她結(jié)婚。 The committee unanimously approved the plan. 委員會(huì)一致通過了計(jì)劃。歸納總結(jié)approve vt.& vi贊同；批準(zhǔn)；通過 。（1）approve of sb./sth.贊成/同意某人/某事approve sth.批準(zhǔn)某事approve of sb.s doing sth.同意某人干某事（2）approving adj.贊成的，同意的approval n.贊成，同意give ones approval to批準(zhǔn)win/earn sb.s approval得到某人贊許meet with sb.s approval得到某人批準(zhǔn)on approval（商品）試用，包退包換7.depend onMeanwhile you have to prepare the next question what the person says. He depends on his parents to take care of the children.他依靠父母照顧孩子。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 孩子們依靠父母供給衣食。depend on意為： 依靠；依賴 。(1)depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事depend on sb.for sth.靠某人供給某物depend on/upon it that.指望；對(duì)深信不疑(2)That depends./It all depends.視情況而定。8.accuse ofHave you ever had a case where someone your journalists getting the wrong end of the stick? （回歸課本P26）She accused him of being late. 她指責(zé)他遲到。 The police accused him of theft. 警察控告他偷竊。歸納總結(jié)accuse of意為： 因指責(zé)/控告 。accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指控某人做某事易混辨異 accuse,charge兩個(gè)詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。(1)accuse vt.指控；控訴，與介詞of連用。(2)charge vt.可以指因?yàn)樾″e(cuò)而受到責(zé)備，也可因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。9，occupation n 1.職業(yè) （page84）2. 占領(lǐng)，占用the occupation of a countryoccupy v occupy sb in sth./doing sth軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)了敵人的首都the army occupied the enemys capital.這個(gè)演講要三個(gè)小時(shí)The speeches occupied three hours.Important Sentences:1.Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.對(duì)攝影我不僅僅是感興趣，在大學(xué)里我還專修過業(yè)余攝影課來更新我的技術(shù)?？键c(diǎn)提煉not only.but (also).，當(dāng)not only位于句首 時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。并列兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而后一個(gè)分句不倒裝。如：Not only did I pay off all my debts, but also I still saved some money to build a new house. 我不僅還清了債務(wù)，而且攢了些錢建新房。2.Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同時(shí)，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說的話準(zhǔn)備提出下 一個(gè)問題。 考點(diǎn)提煉 depending on/upon意為： 依靠 ，是現(xiàn)在分詞形式用作 方式狀語,相當(dāng)于according to。此時(shí)depending on的邏輯主語不同于句子的主語。與此用法類似的分詞短語還有：judging by/from.,considering.,taking.into consideration等。3.So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.所以我們安排了一次在這個(gè)足球隊(duì)員和據(jù)認(rèn)為是向他行賄的那個(gè)人之間的采訪?？键c(diǎn)提煉 be supposed to意為“ 被認(rèn)為 ”“ 應(yīng)該，必須 ；（用于否定句）“允許”。 但was/were supposed to do sth.或be supposed to have done sth.表示“本應(yīng)該做或理應(yīng)做過某事（而實(shí)際未做）”。4 Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office 0f a popular English newspaper. 周陽永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他在一家知名的英語報(bào)報(bào)社第一天上班的工作任務(wù)。否定詞never 置于句首，用部分倒裝，即把謂語的一部分-助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞-置于主語之前。置于句首能引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的具有否定或半否定意義的副詞、介詞短語還有l(wèi)ittle, few, not, no, seldom, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, barely, in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means 等。 如：Not a single song did he sing at yesterdays party.昨天聚會(huì)上他連一首歌也沒唱。課文例句：.Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a 忘記在一家流行的英語報(bào)社的第一次任務(wù)。 5 His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 他與新上司胡昕的討論對(duì)他的記者生涯必將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的影響。Be to do 表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性或注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事物。如：You are to report to the police. 你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。（義務(wù)）They are to be married. 他們打算結(jié)婚。（意圖）The book was not to be found. 書找不到了。（可能性）Every member of the party was to pay his own expense. 參加晚會(huì)的所有人費(fèi)用自理。（吩咐，命令） 6.only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 你只有提出了許多不同的問題之后，才有可能獲得所需要知道的消息。當(dāng)副詞only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語（介詞、副詞、或狀語從句等）并且置于句首時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝。本句中only 強(qiáng)調(diào)if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，所以把助動(dòng)詞will提到了主語you de 前面。如：Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. 只有在近幾年，婦女在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域里才趕上了男人。7.Here comes by my list of “dos” and “donts”: dont miss your deadline, dont be rude, dont talk too much yourself, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully. 這是我的行為準(zhǔn)則：不可錯(cuò)過截止日期，不可對(duì)人粗魯，不可自己說的太多，務(wù)必認(rèn)真傾聽被采訪人回答問題。當(dāng)句首是here, there, in, up, out, down, off, back 等表示方向的副詞，而謂語動(dòng)詞是come, go, rush, run 等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為使情景更生動(dòng)，常用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞不需要助動(dòng)詞。如：Up went the arrow into the air. 嗖的一聲，箭射上了天。8.Have you ever had a case where somebody accuse your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有沒有過這樣的情況：別人控告你的記者說他的報(bào)道失實(shí)呢？ 句中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于in which，修飾先行詞case（情況）另外，situation（形勢(shì)，情景），position（位置，職位），condition（情形，條件），point，stage等詞，其后也常跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。如：Can you think of a situation where we can use this expression? 你能想出一個(gè)我們可以使用這個(gè)詞語的情景嗎？考題回扣【例1】The incomes of skilled workers went up. ,unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. （浙江高考） A.MoreoverB.Therefore C.MeanwhileD.Otherwise【例2】The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ,but students became more interested in the lessons. （寧夏高考） A.saved was teachers energy B.was teachers energy saved C.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy【例3】Who should be responsible for the accident? （福建高考） The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order . A.as toldB.as are told C.as tellingD.as they told 【例4】Im sure that your letter will get attention.They know youre waiting for the reply. （全國高考） A.continuedB.immediate C.carefulD.general 【例5】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （江西高考）.單項(xiàng)填空6.My father told me that he didnt school this year. A.approve my leaving B.approve me to leave C.approve of my leaving D.approve of me to leave7.“How can you me lying without knowing all the facts?” the woman said angrily. A.defend;againstB.accuse;of C.charge;toD.prove;of8. can you expect to get a pay rise. A.With hard work B.Although work hard C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard 9.Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school,but as students we must on our studies. A.acquireB.insist C.concentrateD.decide 10.We should have a(n) medical examination at least once a year. A.accurateB.actual C.chiefD.thorough 11.I can think of many cases the media have a strong effect on young men. 12. admitted to famous universities,parents should try to cure their children bad habits. A.In order to;from B.So as to be;of C.So as to be;from D.In order to be;of 13.Her mother does not of her going to study in the United States alone. 14.He glanced out of the window, that the post office was still closed. A.notedB.having noted15.Into the sky the light blue smoke. A.had gone upB.up went C.did go up D.went up16.Dont forget to insure against theft you have things stolen. A.in case ofB.in case C.in the caseD.in any case 17.As a senior three student,he must his studies and has no time to think about anything else. A.center on B.concentrate on C.focus on D.all the above18.He made an apology be blamed what he had done. Its really wise of him. A.so as to not;of B.in order to not;for C.so as not to;for D.in order not to;of19.It is reported that the museum an important work by Dali. A.succeeded to require B.managed acquire C.succeeded in requiring D.managed to acquire20.At weekends I sometimes get up early and sometimes I dont. ,you see.A.By the way B.To tell the truth C.It all depends D.Last but not least21, I dont think anyone can _ not being honest.A. accuse of B. accuse meC. accuse D. accuse me of 22. He _ having broken his word. A. accuse his father B. accuse ofC. accused his father of D. accused his father 練習(xí)II 1. He_himself in collecting telephone cards.A occupies B takes C teaches D finds 2. Its a hard job. We must_a suitable person for it.A look for B find out C invent D find3. Many officials _the matter were arrested and would be put in prison. A involving in B involved in C involved D involving 4. A student should always be curious _,then he can do well in his studies.A to learn B about learning C in learning D for learning 5. She would rather have a car_than share a car with her friend.A of her own B on her own C for her own D of herself 6. The governments plan is _new industries_areas of high unemployment.A to concentrate; on B concentrate; on C to concentrate; in D concentrate; in 7. Dont be angry with him. He made the mistake_.A in common B by accident C in a hurry D on average8. He was _to Beijing University, which made his parents very happy.A received B accepted C admitted D carried 9. He _a knowledge of computers by careful study.A obtained B inquired of C acquired D took10.I went to college; _,all my friends got well-paid jobs.A in the same time B meanwhile Cat the meantime D then11. The plan he put _at the meeting was _worth considering.A forward; well B forward; very C out; much D up; too12. Ive heard that our boss is to arrange me for a trade talk with another company,_I cant go picnicking with you on Sunday.A in the case B in that case C in which case D in case 13. He worked late into the night,_a long speech for his boss.A to prepare B to prepare for C preparing for D preparing14. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_in love, at age of seven, which the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A wouldnt have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall15. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A why B where C what D how16. Its impossible to say with _how many countries are affected by bird flu.A exact B precise C accuracy D accurate 17. has _manners, so he is easy to get along with.A polishing B polished C elegance D refine 18. ease note down the _points of the speech while listening . A principal B most C chief D chiefly19. I _your trying to earn some money, but please dont neglect your studies.A approve B approve of C agree with D approve of 20. He sat there with his attention_on the famous picture.A fixing B fixed C absorbed D devoted21. They _the city_air attacks.A protected; with B protected; for C defended ; for D defended; against22. Its ten years since the scientist _on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.A made for B set out C took off D turned up 23. The man didnt admit_anything at the store when he was questioned by the police. A to steal B having stolen C to have stolen D having been stealing24.-Is this the first time you _Chengdu?- No. But the first time I _here, the city wasnt so beautiful.A visited; came B visited; have come C have visited; have come D have visited; came25. Her class is far less efficient ;no questions were asked for us._,no students is _.A Namely ;called on B Generally; called out C Normally ; called up26. The task required _did it _careful and brave enough.A who; is B whom ; is C whomever; were D whoever; be 27What the expert has said and done will be _to the department managers.A value B benefit C of valuable D of benefit 28.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time_we meet them again.A after B before C since D when29. We all know that,_, the situation will get worse. A not if dealt carefully with B if not carefully dealt with C if dealt not carefully with D not if carefully dealt with30-Did Linda see the traffic accident?-No,no sooner _than it happened.A had she gone B she had gone C has she gone D she has gone 倒裝句1含義： 在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分或其他原因，謂語需要全部或部分移到主語的前面，這種語序叫倒裝。2分類：倒裝有兩種：全部倒裝和部分倒裝。在倒裝語序中，若整個(gè)謂語都在主語之前，成為全部倒裝。若謂語的一部分（通常是助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞）位于主語之前，則稱之為部分倒裝。3全部倒裝的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合：1，there be 句型中，其中be 可換作appear, come, exist, happen, lie, remain, seem, stand 等動(dòng)詞。如： There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一座寺廟。2，由副詞here, there, now, then 等開頭的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞是be, come, follow, go, begin 等，且主語是名詞時(shí)。如：Here are some picture-books. 這兒是一些圖畫書。注意：代詞作主語時(shí)，主謂語序不變。 如：Here it is.3) 表動(dòng)態(tài)的副詞in，out，away，up, down, off, back, over等置于句首作狀語時(shí)，且句子主語為名詞時(shí)。如： Out rushed the boy, crying . 那個(gè)男孩哭著跑出來了 注意：代詞作主語時(shí)，主謂語序不變。 如：In she came and the lesson began. 她走進(jìn)來開始上課。4) 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組位于句首時(shí)。如： In the distance lies a car. 遠(yuǎn)處有一輛汽車。5）such 置于句首時(shí)（多被認(rèn)為是表語，such后的be 動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后真正的主語保持一致）如：Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事實(shí)如此，沒有人能否定這一點(diǎn)。6）作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，此時(shí)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+系動(dòng)詞+主語”。eg: Present at the meeting were some important figures. 出席會(huì)議的是一些重要人物。Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. 一個(gè)小女孩坐在房子的前面。Among the goods are Chinese trees, flowers, candles and toys. 這些商品里有圣誕樹、鮮花、蠟燭及玩具等。4部分倒裝的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合： 1) 否定或半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 注意： few , little 做主語或修飾主語，則用自然語序。2）常使用部分倒裝的否定詞在句首的特殊句型。 Not onlybut (also) 并列兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而后一個(gè)分句不倒裝。 Neithernor 引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，兩個(gè)分句都要倒裝。 Hardly(Scarely/Barely)when和 No sooner than 句型，意義為“一就”。當(dāng) Hardly(Scarely/Barely)或 No sooner置于句首時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝，并且主句多用過去完成時(shí)。 Not until 從句或短語在句首時(shí)，后面主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而從句不倒裝。如： Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.注意： 若not until 用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，則不倒裝。如： It was not until she saw the present that she felt happy.3) “So + 形容詞/副詞+ that ”和“Such +名詞+ that”句型，意為“如此以至于”.當(dāng)So + 形容詞/副詞, Such +名詞位于句首時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但從句不倒裝。如： So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他講英語非常清晰，總能讓別人聽懂。4）當(dāng)副詞only+狀語置于句首時(shí)，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝。注意： 如果only 后面不是狀語，則不用倒裝。5）句型“;(and) so /neither/nor+ be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”意義為“也是如此/也不這樣”。 如： They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他們喜歡擁有許多朋友，殘疾人也是如此。注意：如果表示對(duì)前述內(nèi)容的肯定或者附和，那么句子不用倒裝。如： A: It is hot. 天真熱。 B：So it is. 的確如此。6）as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，通常把從句中的表語，狀語甚至謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分置于句首。如： Young as he is, he knows much. 盡管年輕，但