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Unit4WhyPeopleWork i i 1 Lead in Whydopeoplework apartfromearningaliving 2 Lead in FamousSayings Workisthegrandcureforallthemaladiesandmiseriesthateverbesetmankind ThoasCarlyle Britishhistorian 工作是良藥 能醫(yī)治一切困擾人的疾苦 英國歷史學(xué)家卡萊爾 T 2 Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils boredom vice andpoverty Voltaire FrenchPhilosopher 工作攆跑三個魔鬼 無聊 墮落和貧窮 法國哲學(xué)家伏爾泰 3 ToyouthIhavethreewordsofcounsel work workandwork OttoBtismarck Gremanstatesman 對于青年 我的忠告只有三個詞 工作 工作 工作 德國政治家俾斯麥 O 3 Lead in 4 Idonotlikework nomandoes butIlikewhatisinthework thechancetofindyourself ConradJoseph Britishnovelist 我不喜歡工作 沒有人會喜歡工作 但是我喜歡在所從事的工作中 找到發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的機會 英國小說家約瑟夫 C 5 Oneofthesymptomsofapproachingnervousbreakdownisthebeliefthatone s workisterriblyimportant andthattotakeaholidaywouldbringallkindsofdisaster IfIwereamedicalman Ishouldprecribeaholidaytomanypatientwhoconsiceredhisworkimportant BernardRussell Britishphilosopher 神經(jīng)即將崩潰的癥狀之一是相信自己的工作極端重要 休假將會帶來種種災(zāi)難 如果我是醫(yī)生 我給這樣的病人開的藥方是 休假 英國哲學(xué)家羅素 B 6 Todogreatworkamanmustbeveryidleaswellasveryindustrious SamuelBubler Americaneducator 要從事偉大的工作 一個人必須既非常勤勞又非?？臻e 美國教育家勃特勒 S 4 Lead in WorktoLive OR LivetoWork 5 Wordpretest 1 Therewasasmileofcontentmentontheteacher sfacewhenhesawthestudents performanceinthespeechcontest A Irony theexpressionofone smeaningbyusinglanguagethatnormallysignifiestheopposite typicallyforhumorousoremphaticeffect反話 諷刺B confusion uncertaintyaboutwhatishappening intended orrequired不確定 疑惑C satisfaction fulfilmentofone swishes expectations orneeds orthepleasurederivedfromthis滿意 滿足contentment noun astateofhappinessandsatisfaction滿意 滿足 6 Wordpretest 2 Hegraduallyaccumulatedalargenumberofbooks A collected adjective ofaperson notperturbedordistracted 人 鎮(zhèn)靜的 泰然自若的B appreciated appreciable pri b l adjective largeorimportantenoughtobenoticed大得 或重要得 可察覺到的 相當(dāng)可觀的C wroteAccumulated gathertogetheroracquireanincreasingnumberorquantityof聚集 積累 7 Wordpretest 3 Manyphilosophersspendmuchoftheirtimeincontemplation A debating debate argueabout asubject especiallyinaformalmanner爭論 討論B thinkingC writingContemplation noun theactionoflookingthoughtfullyatsomethingforalongtime注視 凝視 8 Wordpretest 4 Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick A provide verb makeavailableforuse supply提供 供應(yīng) 供給B carryout Ifyoucarryoutathreat task orinstruction youdoitoractaccordingtoit 實行C develop verb groworcausetogrowandbecomemoremature advanced orelaborate 使 成長 發(fā)育 發(fā)展Fulfill verb bringtocompletionorreality achieveorrealize somethingdesired promised orpredicted 完成 使應(yīng)驗 實現(xiàn) 愿望 諾言 預(yù)言 9 Wordpretest 5 Therewasnocompulsiononhimtogowithher Hecouldstayathomeifheliked A requirementB suggestionC force noun strengthorenergyasanattributeofphysicalactionormovement力 力量compulsion noun theactionorstateofforcingorbeingforcedtodosomething constraint 被 強迫 被 強制 10 Wordpretest 6 Hehasbeenexertingpressureonmetochangemymind A puttingB addingC lifting v raisetoahigherpositionorlevel抬起 舉起Exert verb applyorbringtobear aforce influence orquality 運用 力 施加 影響 發(fā)揮 品質(zhì) E g themoonexertsaforceontheEarth月球?qū)Φ厍蚴┘幼饔昧xertinginfluenceoverthenextgeneration對下一代施加影響 11 Wordpretest 7 Thetiredoldmancravedforwaterandsleep A desiredB askedC begged beg verb asksomeoneearnestlyorhumblyforsomething懇求某人給予 Crave verb feelapowerfuldesirefor something 渴望 熱望 12 Wordpretest 8 Eachpersonhashisuniquefingerprints A interestingB onlyC specialUnique adjective beingtheonlyoneofitskind unlikeanythingelse獨一無二的 獨特的 13 Wordpretest 9 Doyouthinkthatthesehigher than averagetemperaturesareattributabletoglobalwarming A responsibleforB relatedtoC causedbyAttribute verb regardsomethingasbeingcausedby把 歸因于 把 歸咎于E g heattributedthefirm ssuccesstotheeffortsofthemanagingdirector他把公司的成就歸功于總經(jīng)理的努力 14 Wordpretest 10 Vitaminsshouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforahealthydiet A medicine B ingredient noun anyofthefoodsorsubstancesthatarecombinedtomakeaparticulardish配料 原料C replacement n theactionorprocessofreplacingsomeoneorsomething替代 更換 復(fù)位substitute n apersonorthingactingorservinginplaceofanother代替物 v useoraddinplaceof用 代替E g Ifoundsomeonetosubstituteforme我找到了一個人接替我Customsofficerssubstitutedthedrugswithanothersubstance海關(guān)官員用另外一種東西替換了毒品 15 Text1WhyPeopleWork Globalreading 1 SkimthetextandfindoutthemainideaWorkcontributesalottohumansatisfation 2 Scanthepassageandanswerthemultiplechoicequestionsonpage54 Answer CAACCBBB 16 Text1AHistoryofMusicinAmerica Globalreading 3 Structureofthetextp 1 2 Introduction workprovidesmuchhappinessandcontentmenttous p 3 6 whypeopledonotrelateworkwithhumansatisfaction p 6 transitionp 7 8 Workcanrealizeone spotential whiletheabsenceofworkisfrightening p 9 12 whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction p 13 Conclusion 17 PARTONE Mainidea p 1 2 Introduction workprovidesmuchhappinessandcontentmenttous 18 PARTONE Whatcanjobsandworkprovideforpeople 19 LanguagePoints Iftherewere infact somewayofaddingupthecontributiontohumansatisfactionofthemajorhumaninstitutionsinsociety Iwouldguessthatworkinstitutionscontributeasurprisinglylargeshare L1 實際上 如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風(fēng)俗制度對人們獲得的滿足所作的貢獻 那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料中大 20 LanguagePoints addup adding added adds PHRASALVERBIfyouaddupnumbersoramounts orifyouaddthemup youcalculatetheirtotal 把 加起來E g Addupthetotalofthosesixgames 把那 場比賽的總分加起來 Wejustaddedallthenumbersupanddividedonebytheother 我們只是把所有的數(shù)加起來 然后用一個除以另一個 21 LanguagePoints institution nst tju n CET4TEM4N COUNT N IN NAMESAninstitutionisalargeimportantorganizationsuchasauniversity church orbank 機構(gòu)E g financialinstitutions 金融機構(gòu) 22 LanguagePoints Iftherewere infact somewayofaddingupthecontributiontohumansatisfactionofthemajorhumaninstitutionsinsociety Iwouldguessthatworkinstitutionscontributeasurprisinglylargeshare L1 實際上 如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風(fēng)俗制度對人們獲得的滿足所作的貢獻 那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料中大 23 LanguagePoints intangible n t nd b l thatcannotbeclearlyordefinitelyunderstoodorgrasped indefinable難以捉摸的 難以理解的 無法確定的 E g Theoldbuildinghadanintangibleairofsadnessaboutit 那座古老建筑物周圍籠罩著說不出的凄涼氣氛 他們倆的感情說不清道不明 Theirrelationshipisquiteintangible 24 LanguagePoints Well being N UNCOUNTSomeone swell beingistheirhealthandhappiness 健康快樂E g Singingcancreateasenseofwell being 唱歌能產(chǎn)生一種幸福感 25 LanguagePoints 分析 這是一個主從復(fù)合句 towhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible butmorecrucial psychologicalwell being是extent的定語從句 thatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife是psychologicalwell being的定語從句 intangible crucial和psychological這三個形容詞很容易被誤認為是平行結(jié)構(gòu) 事實上 intangible crucial是修飾psychologicalwell being的 翻譯本句不能用直譯 例如extent就不能直接譯出來 故采用意譯為主 26 PARTTWO Mainidea p 3 5whypeopledonotrelateworkwithhumansatisfaction Historicalreasons a theGreeksb TheMiddleAges 27 Whyisitasurprisetolearnthatworkhaspositivecontributiontotheindividual shappiness 28 CulturalNotes Plato 427 347BC anancientGreekphilosopher whohadaverygreatinfluenceonEuropeanphilosophy Heexplainedhisideasintheformofwrittenconversations HisteacherwasSocrates andafterSocrates deathheestablishedaschoolcalledtheAcademy whereAristotlewasoneofhisstudents HismostfamousworkisTheRepublic abouttheperfectstateandformofgovernment 29 LanguagePoints Restrict r str kt V TIfyourestrictsomethingtoaparticulargroup onlythatgroupcandoitorhaveit Ifyourestrictsomethingtoaparticularplace itisallowedonlyinthatplace 限定E g Trusteeshaddecidedtorestrictuniversityentrytoabout30percentofapplicants 董事們已經(jīng)決定把大學(xué)入學(xué)率限定在申請人數(shù)的30 左右 30 accumulate kju mj le t CET4TEM4 accumulating accumulated accumulates graduallygetorgathertogetheranincreasingnumberorquantityof sth get sth inthisway積累 聚積 某物 聚集而成 某事物 E g accumulateenoughevidencetoensurehisconviction搜集足夠的證據(jù)以給他定罪Byinvestingwiselysheaccumulatedafortune 她由於投資精明而積蓄了一筆財產(chǎn) 31 compulsion k m p l n n todosth U compellingorbeingcompelled強迫 強制 被迫 Irefusetoactundercompulsion 我決不能讓人逼著做事 C urge esptobehaveinanirrationalway thatonecannotresist 不能克制的 欲望 沖動 要求 尤指不合情理的行為 acompulsiontodestroythings毀物欲 32 PARTTHREE Mainidea p 7 8 Workcanrealizeone spotential whiletheabsenceofworkisfrightening 33 Whydoinstitutionsdealingwithmentalhealthproblemsestablishworkshop Whataretheeffectsoftheabsenceofwork 34 LanguagePoints renew r nju CET4TEM4 renewing renewed renews 1 V TIfyourenewanactivity youbeginitagain 重新開始E g HerenewedhisattackongovernmentpolicytowardEurope 他重新開始抨擊政府的歐洲政策 2 V TYoucansaythatsomethingisrenewedwhenitgrowsagainorisreplacedafterithasbeendestroyedorlost 獲得新生 遭毀壞或損失后 再生E g Nature srepairprocessisslowandsteady withcellsbeingconstantlyrenewed 自然的修復(fù)過程緩慢而穩(wěn)定 在此過程中細胞不斷再生 35 LanguagePoints acute kju t CET4TEM41 ADJYoucanuseacutetoindicatethatanundesirablesituationorfeelingisverysevereorintense 嚴(yán)峻的E g Thewarhasaggravatedanacuteeconomiccrisis 這場戰(zhàn)爭加劇了一場嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟危機 Thereporthascausedacuteembarrassmenttothegovernment 這份報告使政府極其尷尬 36 PARTFOUR Mainidea p 9 12 Asenseofaccomplishmentinworkisasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction 37 Whatcanwealthypeoplegetfromtheirwork Accordingtothepassage whatcanenrichourpersonalityandmakeuseofourselves 38 stimulate st mj le t CET4TEM4 stimulating stimulated stimulates 1 V TTostimulatesomethingmeanstoencourageittobeginordevelopfurther 鼓勵 刺激E G America spriorityisrightlytostimulateitseconomy 美國的首要任務(wù)自然是刺激經(jīng)濟 39 attributable L52 tr bj t bl adj pred作表語 tosb sththatcanbeattributedtosb sth可歸屬或歸因於某人 某事物 E g IsthispaintingattributabletoMichelangelo 這幅畫是米開朗琪羅畫的嗎 attribute tr bj t v Tn pr sthtosb sthregardsthasbelongingto causedbyorproducedbysb sth歸因于 Heattributeshissuccesstothehelpofhiswife 他認為能成功是由於他老婆的幫助 40 PARTFIVE p 13 Conclusion 41 Canwegainanequivalentamountofprideandfulfillmentifwedonotwork Why 42 Itisprobablynotmuchmoresensibletoaskthequestionaboutworkingtoliveandlivingtoworkthanitistoplaythe live to eatoreat to live theme L56 問有關(guān)為活而工作和為工作而活的問題跟討論 為吃而生存或為生存而吃 的主題相比 高明不到哪去 43 Text1WhyPeopleWork Postreading Readingcomprehension Answer CAACCBBB 44 Text1WhyPeopleWork Postreading Useofenglish Gooff 1 PHRASALVERBIfanexplosivedeviceoragungoesoff itexplodesorfires 炸彈 爆炸 槍 開擊2 PHRASALVERBIfanalarmbellgoesoff itmakesasuddenloudnoise 警報器 突發(fā)巨響3 PHRASALVERBIfanelectricaldevicegoesoff itstopsoperating 電氣設(shè)備 停止運作 45 Text1WhyPeopleWork Useofenglish Goover PHRASALVERBIfyougooveradocument incident orproblem youexamine discuss orthinkaboutitverycarefully 仔細檢查e g Iwon tknowhowsuccessfulitisuntilanaccountanthasgoneoverthebooks 我要等到會計仔細查看了賬目后才會知道盈利狀況如何 Gobackon HRASALVERBIfyougobackonapromiseoragreement youdonotdowhatyoupromisedoragreedtodo 背離 諾言 協(xié)議等 e g Thebudgetcrisishasforcedthepresidenttogobackonhisword 預(yù)算危機已迫使該總統(tǒng)背離了自己的承諾 46 Text1WhyPeopleWork Useofenglish Goround 四處走動 供應(yīng) 消息 流傳Gooutofbusiness 停止經(jīng)商 歇業(yè) 生意失敗Gofrombadtoworse 處境 行為 病情等 越來越壞 越來越糟 每況愈下 47 Text1WhyPeopleWork Useofenglish 1 BythetimeIopenedthecanitscontentshadgoneoff 2 I llgooverhowitworksbeforeyoutryityourself 3 Iwastoldthatitwouldberepairedfreeofcharge butthemanintheshophasgonebackonhispromise 4 Thebookwassopopularthatthereweren tenoughcopiestogoaround 5 Hisshophasgoneoutofbusinessaftermakingheavylosses 6 Tradehasgonefrombadtoworseandstaffarebeinglaidoff 48 Text1WhyPeopleWork Postreading STEMS BADAAC 49 Unit4Work SectionB ACBFTFACDBCBTFT 50 Unit4Work SectionC FTFTFTFTFT 51 Thankyou 52