B 高頻考點高頻考點（高頻高頻 / 規(guī)律規(guī)律 / 技巧技巧）B4 代詞代詞 考 綱 解 讀 1人稱代詞的賓格在簡略答語中的使用。 2形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的用法。 3it，one，that，ones，those作替代詞的用法區(qū)別。 4it表時間、天氣、距離等及it作形式主語、形式賓語。 5each, every, any的用法。 6不定代詞的用法。 考 情 解 讀考點考點題量題量年份年份it用法用法替代詞替代詞不定不定代詞代詞其他其他代詞代詞2008027320092452201022552011416120123315 趨 勢 解 讀1近五年高考代詞的考查點仍集中在不定代詞上。五年高考共考查24次，占考查代詞試題總量的55%。2012年高考加重了對代詞it的考查。22013年高考對代詞的考查將繼續(xù)沿著兩條主線前進(jìn)：(1)試題注重情景干擾，注重特定語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，而且題干的語義結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜。(2)加強(qiáng)對語義較豐富、語法較復(fù)雜的不定代詞的考查。易易錯錯 警警示示 I would appreciate _if you could come and help me with my work. Athat Bit Cthis Done 易誤選A、C 很多考生認(rèn)為this或that可以指代事情。this常指后面要講到的事情，that常指前面講過的事情，于是誤選A或C。動詞appreciate后面常接it, it作形式賓語，其實，其真正的賓語是后面整個句子的內(nèi)容。故正確答案為B。 My most famous relative of all, _who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my greatgrandfather. Aone Bthe one Che Dsomeone 易誤選A、C、D 很多考生沒有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析，以致誤選A、C或D。該題中句子的主干為“My most famous relative of all was Rob Sussel”，“my greatgrandfather”為“Rob Sussel”的同位語，空格處作“My most famous relative of all”的同位語，其后又接了一個由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，因此“My most famous relative of all”為一個特定的人，故應(yīng)填上一個表示特指的代詞，故選B。 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _four percent. Aany other Bthe other Canother DOther 易誤選A、B、D 選項A意為“任何其他的”；選項B意為“(特指)其他的”或“兩者中的另一個”；選項D意為“其他的”。很多考生因為分不清它們的用法，且又沒有理解句意， 從而誤選這些答案。根據(jù)句意“經(jīng)理認(rèn)為價格的上漲不會再超過4%”可知，應(yīng)選another。在英語中，“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“再/又”。故正確答案為C。 His father has bought many books home, but _is easy enough for him to read. Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome one 易誤選B 許多考生會根據(jù)but一詞推測后面表否定意義，但是又考慮到空格后面沒有介詞of，于是誤選B。no one通常用來指人。根據(jù)語境可知，空格后面省略了of the books, 因此正確答案為A。 I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for _ Asome other Bsomeone else Cother person Done other 易誤選A、C、D 有些考生不知道 else的用法，以致誤選A、C或D項。else既可以用作形容詞，也可以用作副詞，意為“其他”，通常位于疑問代詞、疑問副詞或不定代詞的后面。someone else意為“別人”，用在這里正合適。故選B?？伎键c點 精精析析 基 礎(chǔ) 盤 點 熱 門 考 點 1人稱代詞、反身代詞； 2it； 3both, all, either, any, each, every, neither的用法； 4some, any, no，every與one, body, thing合成的不定 代詞； 5other, another, the other, the others, others等； 6one, ones, the ones，that，those等替代； 7部分否定/全部否定。 關(guān) 注 節(jié) 點 (全國卷)Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why _？John is sitting there doing nothing. Ahim Bhe CI Dme 答案DWhy me？以賓格代替主格，表示不滿情緒。熱點熱點41人稱代詞以賓格代替主格1在無謂語的簡短答語中 Do you have good eyesight, young man? “Me (having good eyesight)？” asked the boy. 若答語有動詞則須呈現(xiàn)為非謂語形式。2表示驚訝、不滿、反問、不服等情緒 I hear youve been married? Me married?3than/as比較比較(不正式不正式) He is taller than me.(正式正式He is taller than I am.)4在在be動詞后動詞后(答語中答語中) Who is there? Its me. 反身代詞 含有反身代詞的慣用語 (1)與介詞連用 for oneself親自 of oneself自動地 in oneself本質(zhì)上 to oneself獨自(享用、堅持等) by oneself單獨地 beside oneself發(fā)狂地 Jim is not bad in himself, but he always plays tricks on other people.(本質(zhì)上) 吉姆本質(zhì)上不壞，但他經(jīng)常耍些花招戲弄別人。 One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.(for ones own private use, not to be shared獨自享用) 每個人都愿意有個自己的臥室。 He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.(almost mad with anger/excitement, etc.由于氣憤、激動等而近乎發(fā)狂、忘形)當(dāng)聽說通過了考試，他欣喜若狂。 (2)與動詞連用 enjoy oneself(have a good time)玩得開心，過得愉快 Behave yourself！(Be polite! Show good manners！)規(guī)矩點！ absent oneself缺課/缺勤 devote oneself to專心于；獻(xiàn)身于 apply oneself to專心致志于 adatp oneself to適應(yīng)于 treat oneself to.用款待自己 make oneself at home不要客氣 seat oneself(sit)坐 think for oneself(form ones own opinion)獨立思考 一些跟oneself作賓語的動詞 若去掉反身代詞，則邏輯為被動 (2012陜西卷)No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. Ahim Bthis Cthat Dit 答案Dit作形式賓語。熱點熱點42it用法 1it代替時間、距離、溫度、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象等 It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. 2it代替提到的事物 Ive broken a plate. It(Breaking the plate)doesnt matter. 性別不重要或不知道性別時 Its her baby. 口語答語中 Who is there? Its me. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中 Its he who often visits me. 表示與人有關(guān)的特征、情況 He is over 50 but doesnt seem it. 不了解基本情況 There comes a knock but who is it?3it代替人代替人 (詳見前名詞性從句熱點講析) (詳見后特殊句式) 請牢記下列含it的固定用法： make it成功，做到，約定時間 as it is事實上，照原樣 It depends.看情況而定。 Dont mention it.不客氣。 Take it easy.別著急。4it作形式主語作形式主語/形式賓語形式賓語5it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 believe it or not信不信由你 see to it that.務(wù)必 count/depend on it that.相信 take it for granted that.認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的 take it that.認(rèn)為；理解為 hate/like it when.討厭/喜歡 appreciate it if.很高興 cant help it if.無可奈何 when it come to.當(dāng)涉及到 How comes it？這是怎么搞的？ (2012重慶卷)John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? _Ill be off to London then. AEither BNeither CBoth DNone 答案B兩者全部否定。 (2012上海卷)When he took his gloves off, I noticed that _one had his name written inside. Aeach Bevery Cother Danother 答案A兩者中每一個。熱點熱點43.根據(jù)提示完成下列句子Mr. Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _(任何)of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.There are many trees on _side(both sides)of the street._(都不)of the two cars is mine. Mine is under repair._(所有的)horses are animals, but not _(所有的)animals are horses.答案anyeitherNeitherAll；all.用each或every填空He had a cut on _foot._child in the class passed the examination._of the houses is slightly different.I asked all the children and _told a different story.答案eachEveryEacheach.單項填空(2011遼寧卷)Would you like tea or coffee? _， thank you. Ive just had some water. AEither BBoth CAny DNeither 答案D考查代詞用法。句意：你想要茶還是咖啡？都不要，謝謝。我剛喝過一些水。根據(jù)答句中的“Ive just had some water.”可知此處表示兩者都不要，故用neither。 But _of them are in fashion now. Aall Bboth Cneither Dnone 答案D句意：哇！你有這么多衣服啊。但是現(xiàn)在沒有一件是跟上潮流的了。根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)用否定代詞，故排除A、B兩項。注意neither和none的用法不同：前者表示“兩者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。(2009上海卷上海卷)Wow! Youve got so many clothes. Aother Bany Cnone Dsome 答案B句意：簡被問了很多問題，但她一個都沒回答。首先排除A項，因為沒有“other of.”的形式；設(shè)空處前有否定詞not，故排除C項和D項；any與not連用表全部否定，符合句意，故為答案。,(2009陜西卷陜西卷)Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _of them. 1both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法都都任何任何都不都不兩者兩者botheitherneither三者或三者三者或三者以上以上allanynoneIve bought two books; you can have either.我買了兩本書，你要哪本都行。我買了兩本書，你要哪本都行。 “any名詞”表示“(三個或三個以上中的)任何一個”。 “every名詞”表示“(三個或三個以上中的)每一個”。 not any表全部否定，而“not every名詞”表部分否定。 I have many books here, and you can take any one.我這里有很多書，你可以拿任何一本。 Every student has to take the examination. All the students have to take the examination. 每個學(xué)生都必須參加考試。2any, every的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 each強(qiáng)調(diào)“個體”，可作代詞和形容詞，指“兩個或兩個以上中的每一個”；every強(qiáng)調(diào)“全體”，只能作定語，指“三個或三個以上中的每一個”。each作同位語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與主語一致；不可用not each表部分否定。 Each of my children goes to a different school. 我的幾個孩子各自在不同的學(xué)校上學(xué)。 Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars. The tickets cost 10 dollars each. The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每張票10美元。(后兩句中each作同位語) Every man is not honest.Not every man is honest.并非每個人都誠實。3each, every的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 (2012江西卷)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _was available from that shop. Anothing Bnone Cno one Dneither 答案Bnone(of good watches)沒有一個。 (2012福建卷)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? 4，000, or _like that. Aanything Beverything Csomething Dnothing 答案Csomething like有點像；大約。熱點熱點44somethinganythingnothingeverything某物某物具有某種性具有某種性質(zhì)的人、物、質(zhì)的人、物、事事任何物任何物具有任何性具有任何性質(zhì)的人、物、質(zhì)的人、物、事事(具體為何具體為何性質(zhì)不重要性質(zhì)不重要)無任無任何物何物無任何無任何價值的價值的人、物、事人、物、事所有物所有物最重要的最重要的人、物、事人、物、事1.something likea有點像有點像(外外在、非本質(zhì)的在、非本質(zhì)的性性質(zhì)、特征質(zhì)、特征)b有點有點(程度程度副詞短語副詞短語)something of有點像有點像(內(nèi)內(nèi)在、本質(zhì)的性在、本質(zhì)的性質(zhì)、特征質(zhì)、特征)anything buta一點也不一點也不b一點也不一點也不(程度副詞短程度副詞短語語)nothingbut僅僅僅僅 (1)Often dressed in red, he looks something like a girl. 經(jīng)常穿紅衣服，他看起來有點像個女的。 (2)I felt something like cold.我感覺有點冷。 (3)Rich in knowledge, he is considered something of a professor.知識淵博，人們看他像個教授。 (4)The film is anything but a success.這部電影很不成功。 (5)He is anything but foolish.他可一點也不傻。 (6)He is nothing but a doctor.他僅僅是個醫(yī)生。somebodynobodyanybodyeverybody某人某人出名、出名、有有影影響的人響的人無任何人無任何人無影響、普無影響、普通的人通的人任何人任何人所有人所有人2.(1)He is somebody here.他在這里很出名。他在這里很出名。(2)Were nobody, living on salary.我們是普通人，靠工資生活。我們是普通人，靠工資生活。 3none, nothing, nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相當(dāng)指人或物，相當(dāng)于于no名詞；可名詞；可回答回答how many, how much的提的提問；可與問；可與of連用連用How much money do you have？None. 你有多少錢？你有多少錢？一點也沒有。一點也沒有。I want some more cheese, but theres none left.我想再吃點奶我想再吃點奶酪，但是一點也沒剩。酪，但是一點也沒剩。As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.由于我們在睡由于我們在睡覺，因此沒人聽到那聲音。覺，因此沒人聽到那聲音。nothing指物；可回答指物；可回答what的提問的提問What are you doing now？Nothing.你現(xiàn)在在干什么？你現(xiàn)在在干什么？什么也沒干。什么也沒干。nobody(no one)指人；可回答指人；可回答who的提問的提問Who is in the room？No one/Nobody.誰在屋里？誰在屋里？沒人。沒人。no one無任何人無任何人nothing無任何物無任何物none無所提及的人、物無所提及的人、物 (2011上海卷)To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _ Athe other BOther Cthe others Danother 答案Danother(cup of coffee)另一杯咖啡。熱點熱點451.other adj.others pron.the other adj.Other n(pl.)other n(pl.)the other n(pl.)三或以上部分三或以上部分三或以上部分三或以上部分兩者兩者/部分部分相互代詞相互代詞each other基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞other/moren.(常常pl.)some.others一一些些另外一些另外一些one.the other兩者時兩者時the other后單數(shù)后單數(shù)名詞常省略名詞常省略兩部分時兩部分時the other后跟復(fù)數(shù)后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞名詞the others pron.another adj.the rest pron.the other n(pl.)another(single)代可數(shù)名詞代可數(shù)名詞the rest兩部分兩部分三或以上部分三或以上部分代不可數(shù)名詞代不可數(shù)名詞相互代詞相互代詞one anotheroneafter anotheranother基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞n.(pl.)基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞othern.(pl.) There is nothing else to say. 別的無啥可說的啦。 What else do you want? 其它的你還需要什么？ Would you please make it some other day？(another day) 請您另外安排一天行嗎？ He will stay here for another 3 days.(3 more days) 他還要在這里待三天。 2.else adj常跟在不定代詞或疑問詞后常跟在不定代詞或疑問詞后 (2010山東卷)Helping others is a habit, _you can learn even at an early age. Ait BThat Cwhat Done 答案Done與a habit構(gòu)成同位語。 (2012浙江卷)Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _of McDonalds. Athose Bones Cany Dall 答案A比較替代those代替the items。熱點熱點4.6 one, ones, the one， the ones, that, those的區(qū)別替代替代onea/an單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞the onethe單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞(有時偶爾可用有時偶爾可用that代代替，尤其在有后置定語的情況下替，尤其在有后置定語的情況下)the onesthe復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，有時可用復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，有時可用those代代替替(尤其在有后置定語的情況下尤其在有后置定語的情況下)thatthe單數(shù)單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞thosethe復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one(a present)that I had never seen. 張先生給了我一個非常珍貴的禮物，一個我從來沒見過的(禮物)。 Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones(many presents)that I had never seen. 張先生給了我很多珍貴的禮物，這些(禮物)是我從來沒見過的。 The book on the desk is better than that/the one(the book)under the desk. 桌子上那本書比桌子底下那本書好。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones(the books)under the desk. 桌子上那些書比桌子底下那些書好。 I prefer a house in the countryside to one in the city. 我寧要鄉(xiāng)下的也不要城里的房子。 (全國卷)I havent read _of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think hell make a very promising writer. Aany Bnone Cboth Deither 答案Cnot和both連用表示部分否定。熱點熱點47 Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 答案C根據(jù)所提供的情景some of you will have to share可判斷出書籍不夠每人一本。(全國全國卷卷)We havent enough books for _； some of you will have to share. (全國卷)I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _ Aeverything Banything Csomething Dnothing 答案AI dont agree with everything.是一個部分否定的句子，和前面的I agree with most of what you said.(我同意你說的大部分意見)意思相近。, 全部否定和部分否定 all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every名詞”都表示全部肯定； no one, neither, none, nobody, nothing, not.any以及“no名詞”都表示全部否定； 當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中時，不管not在它們之前還是之后都表示部分否定。此外，not與總括性副詞如everywhere, always，wholly, completely，altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。 Not all of them smoke.All of them dont smoke. 他們當(dāng)中不是所有的人都抽煙。 All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 這些男孩都很聰明，但他們當(dāng)中沒有一個能解出這道題。 Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 這種事并非到處可見。名名 師師 招招 招招 鮮鮮 應(yīng)從以下幾方面考慮： (1)代詞指代的是人還是物； (2)代詞指代的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞； (3)代詞指代的是特指還是泛指概念； (4)代詞指代的概念是表示兩者之間還是三者或三者以上； (5)代詞所表示的概念是肯定的還是否定的。1.明確指代。在做題時，我們應(yīng)首先分析前后文，明確代詞明確指代。在做題時，我們應(yīng)首先分析前后文，明確代詞 所指代的對象，以避免誤判。所指代的對象，以避免誤判。 2理清邏輯。通過分析上下文所蘊(yùn)涵的邏輯關(guān)系做出正確 判斷。 應(yīng)從以下兩方面去考慮： (1)代詞所表示的范圍； (2)代詞表示的是全部否定還是部分否定。