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1、Unit 14 Careers基礎(chǔ)知識梳理基礎(chǔ)知識梳理F詞匯梳理1. _ n. 指導(dǎo)_ v. 指導(dǎo)2. _ n. 機(jī)構(gòu)；學(xué)院3. _ n. 負(fù)責(zé)4. _ n. 錯誤5. _ n. 理解6. _ n. 援助；幫助7. _ vt. 請教；查閱8. _ vi. 爭吵；吵架9. _ n. 片刻10. _ n. 約會；約見_ v. 約會；約見11. _ n. 基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)_ v. 以為基礎(chǔ)；建立的基地12. _ adj. 附近的；周圍的13. _ n. 智慧_ adj. 聰明的；有智慧的14. _ adj. 低年級的15. _ n. 宇宙16. _ vt. 戰(zhàn)勝；克服17. _ vt. 理解；領(lǐng)會；抓牢；

2、抓緊18. _ v. 仔細(xì)檢查19. _ adj. 不合法的；違法的_ adj. 合法的20. _ vt. 投入21. _ n. 存在_ v. 存在22. _ adv. 不斷地23. _ adv. 在底下24. _ v. 彎腰；傾身25. _ v. 猶豫；躊躇_ n. 猶豫；徘徊26. _ n. 判斷；判斷力_ v. 判斷；斷定27. _ v. 減少；降低28. _ v. 乘；大量增加29. _ vi. 運(yùn)作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；操作_ n. 手術(shù)；運(yùn)作；操作30. _ vi. 回答；回復(fù)_ n. 回答31. _ vt. 打擾；煩擾32. _ v. 恐慌；驚慌33. _ n. 舒適；安逸_ v. 使舒適；使

3、舒服_ adj. 舒服的；舒適的34. _ vt. 羨慕；妒忌_ adj. 嫉妒的；羨慕的35. _ adj. 靈活的；柔韌的自我校對1. guidance; guide 2. institute 3. charge 4. error 5. comprehension 6. aid 7. consult 8. quarrel 9. instant 10. appointment; appoint 11. basis; base 12. surrounding 13. wisdom;wise 14. junior 15. universe 16. overcome 17. grasp 18. i

4、nspect 19. illegal; legal 20. commit 21. existence; exist 22. constantly 23. beneath24. bend 25. hesitate; hesitation 26. judgement; judge 27. decrease 28. multiply 29. operate; operation 30. respond; response 31. bother 32. panic 33. comfort; comfort; comfortable 34. envy; envious 35. flexibleF短語梳理

5、1. _ 接管；接替2. _ 編造3. _ 聽出；看出4. _ 討論；細(xì)談5. _ 大聲地說；自由而大膽地說出6. _ 信任；信仰7. _ 反轉(zhuǎn)8. _ 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功9. _ 跟上；趕上10. _ 萬一11. _ 由于12. _ 此外13. _ 坐直自我校對1. take charge of 2. make up 3. make out 4. go into details 5. speak up 6. believe in 7. turn over 8. pay off 9. keep up with 10. in case 11. due to 12. in addition 13

6、. sit up重點(diǎn)知識探究重點(diǎn)知識探究F重點(diǎn)單詞1. reward (1)n. 報(bào)酬；報(bào)答；獎賞；報(bào)償；賞金；酬金He will expect some rewards after working so hard.他工作很努力,會得到報(bào)償?shù)?。The police are offering a big reward for information about the robbery.警方出大筆賞金要求提供那起搶劫案的破案線索。(2)vt. 酬謝；獎賞His efforts were rewarded by success.他的努力獲得了成功。She rewarded the boy with1

7、0 for his help.她因那男孩的幫助而酬謝他十美元。知識梳理as a reward for 作為(對某事的)報(bào)酬/獎賞in reward for 作為對的回報(bào)be rewarded by success 獲得了成功give / offer a reward to sb. for sth. 為某事而給某人報(bào)酬reward sb. for sth. 為某事報(bào)答某人reward sb. with . for sth. 為某事而以報(bào)答某人求同存異award， reward， prizeaward指一種官方的獎勵行為，往往鼓勵在工作中達(dá)到成就或所提出的要求而進(jìn)行的一種獎勵。強(qiáng)調(diào)榮譽(yù)而不在乎獎品

8、的大小或獎金的多少。如：Mr. Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.王先生被授予了“先進(jìn)工作者”的稱號。reward多指對某人的工作或服務(wù)等的報(bào)答。如幫助警察抓到罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到賞金、酬金。如：His reward for his loyal support for the party was a seat in the Cabinet.在內(nèi)閣安置了他一個席位作為他對那個政黨衷心支持的報(bào)答。prize多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩中所贏得的獎。這種獎賞有的憑能力獲得，有的憑運(yùn)氣獲得。如：A prize was gi

9、ven to the person who had the winning number.獎品獎給了那個獲得中獎號碼的人。巧學(xué)助記As a reward for his contributions, he was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.作為對他貢獻(xiàn)的獎賞，他被授予“杰出工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)”一等獎。探究練習(xí)He got nothing _ his hard work and felt very sad and disappointed.A. in reward to B. as a reward toC. in

10、reward for D. in return to【解析】 C 考查了in reward for 表示“作為對的回報(bào)”之意的用法。相當(dāng)于in return for。句意：他的辛苦勞動沒有得到任何的回報(bào)，他感到很傷心和失望。2. charge (1)vt. 收費(fèi)；要價;指控；充電；負(fù)責(zé)He charged two dollars from me for repairing the bike.他因?yàn)樾拮孕熊嚩蛭宜鲀r兩美元。They charged the police with beating three students to death. 他們指控警察將三名學(xué)生毆打致死。He is cha

11、rging a storage battery. 他在為蓄電池充電。(2)n. 費(fèi)用；價錢;控告；指責(zé);充電;掌管This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.這間病房是由格林大夫負(fù)責(zé)的。Mary was in charge of the baby.瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)照料這個嬰兒。All the drinks including beer are free of charge.全部飲料包括啤酒在內(nèi)都是免費(fèi)的。知識梳理at ones own charge(s) 自費(fèi)；用自己的錢bring a charge of sth. against sb. 指控某人犯罪have (t

12、he) charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；主管free of charge 免費(fèi)地in charge of 在掌管之下；由經(jīng)營in the charge of sb. 由某人負(fù)責(zé)；由某人照料(管理)put down to sb.s charge 把記在某人帳上take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；看管charge for trouble 手續(xù)費(fèi)charge . with . 控告(某人)犯(某罪)求同存異charge, accuse都有“指控”，“控告”的意思相同點(diǎn)常用搭配是accuse . of . 常用搭配是charge . with . 通常表示直接而嚴(yán)厲地指出某人的過錯表示“指控”時，仍然包含著

13、這個動詞的基本含義“使承擔(dān)責(zé)任或任務(wù)”，同時強(qiáng)調(diào)被指控者的過錯相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，而且，要將這種過錯鄭重宣布相異點(diǎn)accusecharge探究練習(xí)It was promised that the package would be delivered _.A. free charge B. free from the chargeC. free of charge D. free in charge【解析】 C 考查了free of charge表示“免費(fèi)地”之意的用法。句意：據(jù)承諾：包裹會免費(fèi)送到。3. consult vt. 請教；查閱 vi. 商議(量)；考慮；磋商；做咨詢工作He consulte

14、d the workers to understand the technical process. 他詢問工人,想了解技術(shù)上的程序。He consulted a doctor about his illness.他向醫(yī)生咨詢疾病的情況。The teacher told us not to consult the dictionary. 老師讓我們不要查詞典。They are consulting about the matter with each other.他們互相商議此事。知識梳理(1)consult with sb. about sth. 關(guān)于某事與某人商談consult sb. a

15、bout sth. 關(guān)于某事咨詢某人consult sth. 查閱某物(2)consultant n.顧問巧學(xué)助記探究練習(xí)If you have anything that you dont understand in this chapter, you should _ our teacher.A. look up B. consultC. consult with D. refer to【解析】 B consult with sb. 表示“與某人商談”之意；而此處是指“咨詢某人”，故用consult sb. 高考體驗(yàn)(2011湖北)The minister said, “We are re

16、ady for discussions with any legal parties, but well never _ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrelC. argue D. consult【解析】 A 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：部長說：“我們可以和任何合法團(tuán)體進(jìn)行討論，但是我們永遠(yuǎn)不會和犯罪分子談判?！眓egotiate“談判；協(xié)商”；quarrel“爭吵”；argue“爭辯；爭論”；consult“咨詢”。4. quarrel vi. 爭吵；吵架She quarreled with her brother over their fathers

17、will. 她和弟弟因?yàn)楦赣H遺囑的事情而起了爭執(zhí)。The young couple always quarrel with each other about the education of their children.這對年輕的夫婦經(jīng)常因?yàn)楹⒆拥慕逃龁栴}而爭吵。知識梳理quarrel with sb. about / over sth. 關(guān)于某事和某人爭吵探究練習(xí)Dont _ the trifling, but be tolerant of each others behavior and ideas.A. quarrel with B. argue withC. quarrel abou

18、t D. disagree with【解析】 C 考查了quarrel about sth. 表示“因?yàn)槟呈露鵂幊场敝獾挠梅?。句意：不要因?yàn)樾∈露鵂幊常欢且舜税荼舜说男袨楹陀^點(diǎn)。quarrel with后面多接人作賓語，表示“和某人爭吵”之意；argue with后接表示人的賓語，表示“和某人辯論”；disagree with表示“不同意(某人/某物)”，均不符合句意。5. basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)Trust is the basis of lasting friendship.信任是保持友誼的基礎(chǔ)。This is the basis on which I had the judg

19、ment.這就是我下結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)。求同存異base, basis, foundation(1)base“基礎(chǔ)；底部”多指露出地面的,有形的具體基礎(chǔ)底部及支架。如：The base of the column is quite firm.這柱子的基礎(chǔ)是牢固的。(2)basis “基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)”主要用于比喻,也指信念,議論等的根據(jù)。如：The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.他的意見的根據(jù)是從報(bào)紙上看來的。(3)foundation “根本；基礎(chǔ)”與basis大致同義,但更具體,通常指建筑物的地基,也可引申為“根據(jù)”。如：T

20、he story has no foundation.這個故事沒有根據(jù)。探究練習(xí)This conclusion was drawn _ the scientific data.A. on the basis of B. at the basis ofC. on the base of D. at the base of【解析】 A 考查了短語on the basis of表示“建立在的基礎(chǔ)上”之意的用法，表示抽象概念。而on the base of是強(qiáng)調(diào)“建立在實(shí)物的基礎(chǔ)上”，不符合句意。6. surrounding adj. 周圍的；附近的 n. 環(huán)境(多用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示)There are

21、many factories in the surrounding area. 在附近的地區(qū)有很多的工廠。We should try all our best to protect our working surroundings. 我們應(yīng)該竭盡全力保護(hù)好我們的工作環(huán)境。點(diǎn)津提示surrounding用作名詞時，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“環(huán)境”。探究練習(xí)As a matter of fact, nobody likes to work in the unpleasant _.A. surround B. surroundingC. surroundings D. surrounded【解析】 C 考查

22、了surroundings表示“環(huán)境”之意的用法。句意：事實(shí)上，沒有人喜歡在令人不愉快的環(huán)境中工作。7. overcome vt. 戰(zhàn)勝；克服We should try all our best to overcome the difficulties.我們應(yīng)該努力地戰(zhàn)勝困難。They were overcome with / by sadness. 他們被悲傷所征服。點(diǎn)津提示overcome的過去式和過去分詞分別是overcame 和overcome。探究練習(xí)They tried every way that they could think of _ the unexpected trou

23、ble in front of them.A. to overcome B. overcomingC. to overlook D. overlooking【解析】 A 考查了overcome表示“戰(zhàn)勝”之意的用法。that they could think of是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞every way;空白處用動詞不定式短語修飾every way，表示“干某事的方法”。句意:他們嘗試了他們所能夠想到的一切方法去戰(zhàn)勝他們面臨的意想不到的麻煩。8. grasp vt.& n. 理解；領(lǐng)會；抓牢；抓緊He grasped me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂。I could not g

24、rasp her meaning.我不懂她的意思。I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓住她的手。知識梳理beyond ones grasp 力量達(dá)不到within ones grasp 力量達(dá)得到have a good grasp of 深刻了解in the grasp of 在掌握中keep a firm grasp on 抓緊Grasp all, lose all. 諺貪多必失。求同存異take, seize, grasp, clutchclutch 指“突然抓住”，常伴有“急切或害怕的心情”，如： A drowning man will clutch at a

25、straw. 急不暇擇clutch指“緊緊地抓住”，用于比喻意義時指“掌握”，“領(lǐng)會”，如： grasp a rope 握緊繩子grasp指“突然用力地抓住、握住”，如： The policeman seized a criminal suspect. 警察捉住一個嫌疑犯seize常用詞，指“拿；握；取”，如： take sb.s hand握住某人的手take探究練習(xí)What he said is so abstract that I cant _ the general meaning of the words.A. follow B. acceptC. grasp D. hold【解析】

26、C 考查了grasp表示“理解”之意的用法。句意：他所說的話是如此抽象深奧以至于我不能夠理解他的話的大意。follow是“跟隨；跟上”；accept是“接受；認(rèn)可”；hold是“握?。荒谩?。9. existence n. 存在According to some philosopher, everything in existence is reasonable.某位哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為,存在的事物都是合理的。He does not believe in the existence of ghosts.他不相信有鬼存在。Nobody knows exactly when the world came in

27、to existence.沒有人準(zhǔn)確地知道世界是何時產(chǎn)生的。發(fā)散思維exist v. 存在；生存；有There exists an old temple on the hill. 那座山上有一座古廟。His success exists in his hard work. 他的成功在于他的勤奮。知識梳理in existence 實(shí)際存在的;現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)有的come into existence 產(chǎn)生；存在bring . into existence 使產(chǎn)生；使存在exist in 在于；存在于探究練習(xí)This is the oldest building _ in the village.A.

28、in time B. in existenceC. on time D. on existence【解析】 B 考查了in existence表示“存在的；現(xiàn)存的”之意的用法。句意：這是這個村莊中現(xiàn)存的建筑物中最古老的一所建筑物。in time是“及時；遲早”；on time是“按時；準(zhǔn)時”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。10. bend v. 彎腰；傾身；彎曲Be careful or youll bend this spoon.當(dāng)心，否則你會把這把湯匙弄彎的。He bent his mind to his business.他專心于他的業(yè)務(wù)。Her head was bent over her book.她

29、埋頭讀書。知識梳理be bent on 決心要;專心于bend down 彎腰bend oneself to 專心于;致力于bend over 彎身作拱形;俯身靠近;屈服點(diǎn)津提示bend的過去式和過去分詞分別是bent和bent。探究練習(xí)The branch _ but didnt break when the boy climbed along it.A. extended B. bentC. spread D. stretched【解析】 B 考查了bend表示“彎曲”之意的用法。句意：當(dāng)小孩爬上樹枝時，樹枝彎曲了但是沒有折斷。故選擇B項(xiàng)。 extend是“延伸”；spread是“鋪展；鋪

30、開；舒展開”；stretch是“舒展；伸展”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。11. hesitate v. 猶豫；躊躇If you hesitate too long, you will miss the opportunity.如果你老是猶豫不決, 你就會錯失良機(jī)。He hesitated to take such a big risk.他不情愿冒這樣大的險。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me.如果你需要什么東西,請不客氣地對我說。知識梳理hesitate about / over sth. (對某事)猶豫；遲疑不決hesita

31、te to do sth. 對做某事有顧慮hesitation n. 躊躇；猶豫have no hesitation in doing . 毫不猶豫地做without hesitation 毫不遲疑地探究練習(xí)(2013福州高三檢測)I want to improve my English. Dont _ to correct me if I make a mistake.A. mind B. hesitateC. desire D. seek【解析】 B 考查動詞辨析。mind后面不接不定式，故排除A；hesitate“猶豫”，符合題意；desire“想要”; seek“尋求”，均不合句意。高

32、考體驗(yàn)(2009福建)We are at your service. Dont _ to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitateC. desire D. seek【解析】 B 考查動詞辨析。句意：我們(隨時)為你服務(wù)。如果你還有什么問題，請不要猶豫找我們幫忙。beg“乞求”；hesitate“猶豫”；desire“渴望”；seek“尋求”。hesitate to do“猶豫做某事”。12. respond vi. 回復(fù)；回答She responded to me by nodding. 她以點(diǎn)頭的方式回答了我

33、。He responded to my letter with a call.他以一個電話回復(fù)了我的信件。知識梳理respond to . 對作出回答；作出反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)respond that . 回答response n.回答；反應(yīng)in response to 作為對的回應(yīng)；回答give / make no response to . 對不予回答/回應(yīng)探究練習(xí)When asked how he dealt with the difficult problem, he didnt _, but only smiled.A. say B. speakC. discuss D. respond【解析

34、】 D 考查了respond表示“回答”之意的用法。句意：當(dāng)問及他是如何解決這一難題時，他沒有回答而僅僅是微笑。其余選擇項(xiàng)均不符合句意。13. bother vt.& vi.打擾；煩擾；煩惱；擔(dān)心；麻煩Thank you, but please dont bother.謝謝,但請你不要費(fèi)事了。I cant bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那點(diǎn)小事去打擾他。Dont bother about that trifling matter. 別為那件小事煩惱。You neednt bother to come here in yourself.你沒有必要

35、親自來的。知識梳理(1)bother(with / about sth. )bother to do / doing sth. (2)bother sb. (about / with sth. )使(某人)煩惱；擔(dān)憂bother n. 麻煩；困難put sb. to bother 給某人添麻煩get into bother 遇到麻煩save the bother of doing sth. 省去的麻煩a bother to sb. 使某人煩惱的人/事花費(fèi)時間、精力做某事探究練習(xí)I dont want to _ her with my problems at the moment because

36、 she is very upset now.A. bother B. shareC. interrupt D. quarrel【解析】 A 考查了bother sb. with sth. 表示“因?yàn)槟呈露鼓橙藫?dān)憂”之意的用法。句意：我不想現(xiàn)在因?yàn)槲业膯栴}而使她擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在很是心煩。share多用于share sth. with sb. 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“和某人分享某物”；interrupt是“打斷某人(某物)”；quarrel多用于quarrel with sb. about / over sth. 表示“和某人因?yàn)槟呈露臣堋敝猓环暇湟狻?4. comfort n. & vt.

37、舒服；安慰He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.他有很多錢,足可舒舒服服過日子。She is a great comfort to her parents.她是她父母最大的安慰。The old lady often comforts those who are in trouble.這位老婦人經(jīng)常安慰處于困境的人。發(fā)散思維comfortable adj. 舒服的；安慰的comfortless adj. 缺乏安慰的；不舒服的discomfort n.& vt. (使)不舒服；(使)不愉快知識梳理give comfort to 安慰t

38、ake / have comfort in 感到安慰；安心；寬心;(從中)得到安慰探究練習(xí)It is _ to her parents that she was admitted to Beijing University.A. a great comfort B. comfortC. comfortable D. comfortless【解析】 A 考查了comfort用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“令人寬慰的人或事”之意的用法。故選擇A項(xiàng)。F重點(diǎn)短語1. make up 編造；構(gòu)成；化妝；彌補(bǔ)；言和Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.湯姆編

39、故事逗他的小弟弟。Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while.瑪麗和瓊吵架,但一會兒就和好了。It didnt take her long to make up.她很快就化妝好了。How many countries make up the Common Market?(歐洲)共同市場由多少國家組成?知識拓展與make有關(guān)的其他短語：make do (with) 湊合著用;用勉強(qiáng)對付make do without 在沒有的情況下設(shè)法應(yīng)付過去make down 改小(衣服)make for 有利于；有助于make from (make u

40、p from)用制成；用做成make into 制成；做成;使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閙ake it 及時趕到；辦成功;達(dá)到目的make out 填寫;辨認(rèn)出探究練習(xí). 用與make有關(guān)的短語翻譯句子。(1)我們募捐了478英鎊,一位非?？犊娜藴愖愕?00英鎊。_(2)做鍛煉有助于身體健康。_(3)他寫得如此潦草以至于我根本看不清。_(4)請?jiān)?0點(diǎn)之前及時趕到會場。_(5)這件衣服有點(diǎn)大了，我要找裁縫改小一點(diǎn)。_【答案】 (1) We collected 478, but a very generous man made it up to 500.(2) Doing exercise will make f

41、or your good health.(3) He wrote so carelessly that I couldnt make it out.(4) Please make it to the meeting before 10 oclock.(5) This dress is a little looser and I will ask the tailor to make it down. 單項(xiàng)填空。American Indians _ about five percent of the U. S. population.A. fill up B. bring upC. make u

42、p D. set up【解析】 C 考查了make up表示“構(gòu)成；占比例”之意的用法。句意：美國的印第安人大約占了美國人口的百分之五。fill up是“填充”；bring up是“教育；撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐；提出”；set up是“創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)立”，均不符合句意。2. turn over 反轉(zhuǎn)；仔細(xì)考慮；移交；交給Turn over or your back will get sunburnt.翻過身去,不然你的后背要被陽光灼傷的。He turned the new idea over in his mind.他仔細(xì)地考慮了這種新想法。To whom should we turn over the key

43、 when we leave here?在離開這里時,我們把鑰匙交給誰呢?知識拓展與turn有關(guān)的其他短語：turn back 轉(zhuǎn)回去；往回走turn into 拐入；進(jìn)入；(使)變成； (使)成為turn off 關(guān)(自來水、電燈、收音機(jī)等)turn on 打開(自來水、電燈、收音機(jī))turn out證明是；結(jié)果是;發(fā)展為turn to 指向；轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turn up 向上;調(diào)大;扭亮(燈火等);加快(速度等);出現(xiàn);(東西)被找到探究練習(xí)He was awake all through the night, _ the plan again and again, and not know

44、ing whether it was practical.A. turning over B. turning downC. putting off D. taking over【解析】 A 句意：他一整個晚上都沒有睡，反復(fù)思考這一計(jì)劃，不知道計(jì)劃是否可行?？疾榱藅urn over表示“反復(fù)思考；反轉(zhuǎn)”之意的用法，符合語境；而turn down是“調(diào)小音量；拒絕”；put off是“推遲；拖延”；take over是“接管”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。高考體驗(yàn)(2011四川)To get a better grade, you should _ the notes again before the best

45、.A. go over B. get overC. turn over D. take over【解析】 A 句意：為了取得更好的成績，你應(yīng)該在考試前再復(fù)習(xí)一次筆記。go over“復(fù)習(xí)”；get over“克服；康復(fù)”；turn over“移交；翻轉(zhuǎn)”；take over“接管”。3. pay off取得成功;付清；還清;(付清工資后)解雇You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.你必須還清舊賬,然后才能再借款。The boss paid off the employees.老板付清雇工工資后解雇了他們。Di

46、d your daring plan pay off?你那項(xiàng)大膽的計(jì)劃成功了嗎?知識拓展與pay有關(guān)的其他短語：pay back 還清pay the bill 付賬單pay sb. for sth. 因?yàn)槎督o某人錢pay some money for sth. 因?yàn)槎跺X探究練習(xí)After all, his ten years hard work _, and he was successful in the project.A. was paid off B. was paid backC. paid off D. paid back【解析】 C 考查了pay off表示“付出得到回報(bào)”之

47、意的用法。pay off是不及物動詞，故不用被動語態(tài)。pay back是“償還”之意。4. in case 以防萬一;假如Write the telephone number down in case you forget.把電話號碼寫下來以免忘了。It may rain youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).可能下雨你最好帶把傘,以防萬一(下起來)。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么東西,請不客氣地對我說。知識梳理i

48、n case / in case ofin case是連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“萬一；以防”in case of是介詞短語，后加名詞或代詞，意為“如果；假使”in this / that case 如果這樣/那樣的話in any case 無論如何；不管怎樣in no case 決不(放于句首，主句部分倒裝)as is often the case 是常有的事探究練習(xí)(1) _ fire, all exits must be kept clear.A. In place of B. Instead ofC. In case of D. In spite of【解析】 C 考查了in cas

49、e of 表示“以防；萬一”之意的用法。而in place of是“代替”；instead of是“代替；而不是”；in spite of是“盡管；不顧”，均不符合語境。(2)Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.A. ever since B. even ifC. soon after D. in case【解析】 D 考查了in case表示“以防”之意的用法，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。而ever since是“自從以來”；even if是“即使”；soon after是“后不久”，均不符合語境。5. due

50、to由于Her absence is due to her illness.她因病缺席。This mistake is due to his carelessness.這一錯誤是由于他的粗心造成的。求同存異because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to這一組詞都表示“由于”的意思，在使用時應(yīng)該注意以下區(qū)別：(1) because of意為“由于；因?yàn)椤保瑥?qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中僅作狀語，修飾句中的一部分，與其他成分不用逗號隔開。如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor s

51、etback.我們決不可因?yàn)檫@樣一個小小的挫折而灰心喪氣。(2) owing to與because of一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，除作狀語外，也可作表語。作狀語時修飾整個句子，可在句首或句末，用逗號隔開。如：They decided to cancel the flight, owing to the storm.由于這場暴風(fēng)雨，他們決定取消這次航班。His death was owing to an accident. 他死于一場事故。(3) due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表語、狀語和定語。作表語和狀語時與owing to同義，作狀語時，一般不與其他成分隔開。如：This accide

52、nt was due to(owing to)his careless driving.這次車禍?zhǔn)怯捎谒_車疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late due to(owing to)the storm.由于暴風(fēng)雨他來晚了。(4) on account of與because of, owing to同義，但語氣較為正式?？勺鳡钫Z、表語，不作定語。如：He could not come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前來。That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏鍛煉。(5) thanks to表示“幸虧；多

53、虧”多用于表達(dá)正面意思，相當(dāng)于感謝，在句中作狀語和表語。如：Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.幸虧你的建議，給我省下了很多的麻煩。探究練習(xí)Mistakes _ carelessness may have serious consequences.A. owing to B. thanks toC. due to D. as a result【解析】 C 考查了due to用作定語，表示“由于”之意的用法。而owing to一般不作定語；thanks to是“幸虧；多虧”，不符合語境；as a result是“結(jié)果是”，此處應(yīng)該用as a

54、 result of，表示“因?yàn)椤?。句意：由于疏忽大意造成的錯誤可能帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。重點(diǎn)句型1. I never thought about going on TV because my family didnt even have one until I was in junior high school.我從來沒有想過從事電視工作，因?yàn)橹钡缴铣踔形壹也庞辛艘慌_電視機(jī)。句中的not . until . 是“直到才”之意；until 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。I didnt sleep until he came back. 我直到他回來才睡覺。You cant succeed in doing it

55、 until you put all your heart into it.直到你把全部精力都投入到這件事中去，你才能夠成功。求同存異until / not . until . until表示動作、狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直到為止”，或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到另一個動作或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)之前。常與表示延續(xù)性動作的動詞連用。如： I waited until three oclock, but he didnt come.我一直等到了三點(diǎn)，但是他沒有來。not . until表示“到為止；直到才”，常與表示瞬間性動作的動詞連用。如： The noise of the street didnt stop

56、until midnight.街上的噪音直到午夜才停止。探究練習(xí)We can never understand our parents _we have our own children.A. until B. unlessC. if D. though【解析】 A 句意:直到我們有了自己的孩子，我們才能真正理解父母。not(never) . until“直到才”。2. It was my mother who taught me to be curious.是我的媽媽教會我對事物充滿好奇的。此句是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是my mother，其結(jié)構(gòu)是it is / was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that

57、 / who+句子剩余部分；被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，可以用who或that引導(dǎo)從句；而被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是其他的成分時，統(tǒng)一用that引導(dǎo)。It is in this way that he will solve the problem.他將用這種方法解決這一問題。It was yesterday that he met a friend in the college.正是在昨天的時候，他遇到了一位大學(xué)里的朋友。It was on the playground that I found him playing basketball.正是在操場上我看到了他在打籃球。點(diǎn)津提示判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的方法是，把it

58、is / was 和that / who 一起刪去，若剩余部分仍然是一句話，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；否則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。探究練習(xí)It was two years ago _ he graduated from the famous university.A. when B. whileC. as D. that【解析】 D 考查了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。雖然被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是two years ago，即是時間狀語，但從句的引導(dǎo)詞依然用that，而不用when或其他的連詞。3. I discovered then that so long as I am committed and never give up I wi

59、ll be able to produce high quality reports.我發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要我具有獻(xiàn)身精神并決不放棄，我就能夠?qū)懗龈哔|(zhì)量的報(bào)道。句中so long as是“只要”之意；引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于only if。So long as you try all your best, you will succeed.只要你全力以赴，你就會成功的。So long as you keep your promise, I will allow you to do it. 只要你遵守諾言，我就會讓你做這件事情的。committed 是形容詞，表示“忠誠的；獻(xiàn)身的；盡職守的”之意。He i

60、s committed to the course of the reform. 他獻(xiàn)身于改革。She is very committed to her job to help the poor.她對于幫助窮人的工作很盡職盡責(zé)。探究練習(xí) Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. OK, _ you make it short.A. now that B. if onlyC. so long as D. every time【解析】 C 考查了so long as 表示“只要”之意的用法，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。而now that是“既然

61、”；if only是“要是就好了”；every time是“每次”，均不符合語境。4. It is sometimes difficult to work out the patterns of change.有時候很難搞清楚變化的規(guī)律。句中的work out 是固定搭配，表示“算出；制定出；鍛煉；產(chǎn)生結(jié)果”之意。The travel plan should be worked out by next month.旅游計(jì)劃得下月前被制定出。He works out in the forests every day.他每天都會到森林里鍛煉。發(fā)散思維figure out 計(jì)算出；弄清楚find o

62、ut 弄清楚；搞懂探究練習(xí)The problem is so difficult that nearly none of the class can _.A. work it out B. find it outC. work it on D. put it on【解析】 A 句意：這個問題是如此難以至于班里很少有學(xué)生能夠算出來?？疾榱藈ork out表示“算出”之意的用法；而find out是“查明”；work on是“繼續(xù)工作；從事于”；put on是“上演；穿上”。隨堂基礎(chǔ)闖關(guān)隨堂基礎(chǔ)闖關(guān). 單項(xiàng)填空1. Over the past decades, sea ice _ in the A

63、rctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreased B. decreasedC. has been decreasing D. is decreasing答案 C解析 句意：在過去幾十年里，由于全球變暖，北極的海冰一直在減少。由時間狀語over the past decades可知，主句只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選C。2. You can take as many as you like, because they are free of _.A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay答案 B解析 句意：你想拿多少就拿多少

64、，因?yàn)樗鼈兪敲赓M(fèi)的。free of charge為固定搭配，意為“免費(fèi)”符合句意。3. Low-income residents cant afford to _ a doctor or purchase medicine when they get sick.A. claim B. consult C. occupy D. capture答案 B解析 句意：當(dāng)?shù)褪杖刖用裆r，他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起看醫(yī)生或買藥的費(fèi)用。claim“要求”； consult“請教”； consult a doctor“看醫(yī)生”，符合句意。 occupy“占據(jù)”; capture“奪取”。4. It is reported

65、 that a _ will be offered to whoever gives information leading to the arrest of the bank robber.A. price B. fund C. reward D. profit答案 C解析 句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，提供有關(guān)幫助抓獲那個銀行搶劫犯信息的人將得到報(bào)酬。price“價格”; fund“基金”; profit“益處”，均不合句意。 reward表“報(bào)酬”之意，符合句意。5. She wrote a letter _ his asking her for marriage.A. response to B. r

66、esponded toC. responding to D. to respond to答案 D解析 句意：她寫了一封信以回應(yīng)他的求婚請求。 to respond to . 意為“回應(yīng)/回答”。動詞不定式作目的狀語，所以正確答案為D。. 短語應(yīng)用1. Over the past 30 years, China has spent hundreds of billions of yuan to pull its rural population out of poverty. Now Chinas Anti-Poverty efforts _.A. pay off B. pay upC. pay back D. pay for答案 A解析 句意：在剛過去的三十年里，中國花了數(shù)千億資金使農(nóng)村人口脫離貧困?，F(xiàn)在中國的扶貧政策成功了。 pay off“成功”; pay up“還清欠款”; pay back“償還”; pay for “為付款”。2. What are you reading, Tom? Im not really reading, just _ the pages.A. tur