Unit 2Unit 2The environmentThe environmentModule51.economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì) economic adj. 和經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的；economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的，便宜的 economically adv.經(jīng)濟(jì)方面地2.environment n. 環(huán)境 environmental adj. 環(huán)境的 environmentally adv. 環(huán)境方面地3.poison n. 毒藥 poisonous adj. 有毒的； poisoned 中毒的4.pollute vt. 污染 pollution n. 污染 熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞5.benefit n. 益處，好處 beneficial adj. 有益處的 benefit v. 獲益；對(duì)某人有益6.responsible adj. 負(fù)責(zé)任的 responsibility n. 責(zé)任；責(zé)任心 responsibly adv. 負(fù)責(zé)任地7.effect n. 影響，效果 effective adj. 有效的； ineffective 沒(méi)有效果的 effectively adv. 有效地； ineffectively無(wú)效地?zé)釤?點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞8.destroy vt. 毀滅 destruction n. 毀滅，破壞 destructive adj. 破壞的，毀滅的； destructively adv. 毀滅性地9.disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事物 disappointed adj. 失望的； disappointing 令人失望的 disappointingly adv. 令人失望地?zé)釤?點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞1.Have you seen the new arrivals？They arrivedarrived yesterday.2.The villagers are prohibitedprohibited from fishing in salmons(鮭魚(yú)) breeding season. However, the prohibitiondoesnt seem to work at all.3.He argued forcefully that stricter laws were necessary to deal with the problem. It seemed that he would forceforce the government to take strong action. 熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞4.The farmersfarmers complain that all the farmablelands have been taken over by the housing developers.5.Most parents are very concerned over their childrens physical growth， but they pay little attention to how the kids growgrow psychologically.6.We need some techniciansto deal with some technicaltechnical problems.熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞7.The smart house is equippedequipped with very modern IT gadgets to keep it safe and comfortable. Nobody knows how much the equipment costs.8.The policy makers didnt realize the importanceof domestic demand (國(guó)內(nèi)需求)until 2008 when some figures of other importantimportant economic areas fell sharply.熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞9.The conservationof natural resources is thought of as the only way to stop the planet from failing. Actually, American citizens are always encouraged to conserveconserve water and forests around them.10.We asked them to reservereserve the table for us, but now the manager denied our reservation .熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞 根據(jù)中文填單詞完成句子，每空一詞(記憶時(shí)，用下列橫線(xiàn)上的新單詞造句記憶)1.很明顯，走進(jìn)科學(xué)欄目有助于社會(huì)形成一種尊重科學(xué)的氛圍，對(duì)工業(yè)與農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展以及環(huán)境保護(hù)大有幫助。 Obviously， the program of “approaching science” could help to create an atmosphere of respecting science in the society, which is of great help to the development of industry and agriculture and environmental preservation / protection .熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞2.世界各國(guó)非常贊賞中國(guó)政府為防止沙化和保護(hù)瀕危野生動(dòng)物而推行的強(qiáng)有力的措施。 Different countries around the world appreciate the forceful measures that the C h i n e s e g o v e r n m e n t t o o k t o s t o p desertification and to preserve / protect the endangered wild animals.熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞3.為監(jiān)測(cè)中國(guó)東北和西北地區(qū)土壤沙化的情況，一批裝備有先進(jìn)設(shè)備和技術(shù)人員的監(jiān)測(cè)中心建立了起來(lái)，以找出減少沙漠化的措施。 To monitor and to find solutions to decrease the desertification in Northeast and Northwest China, some monitoring centers were established， which were stocked / equipped with advanced equipment and technicians .熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞4.工業(yè)污染是大氣最可怕的敵人。因此減少污染，杜絕有毒氣體排放，才是環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)鍵。 Industrial pollution is the awful enemy to the atmosphere. So the key to protecting the environment is to reduce the pollution and eradicate the emission of poisonous gases.熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞5.保護(hù)動(dòng)植物的多樣化的努力正在進(jìn)行中，這項(xiàng)工作的焦點(diǎn)在于設(shè)立各種自然保護(hù)區(qū)，并打擊非法捕獵。 Efforts to preserve the diversity of animals and plants are being made; it focuses on setting up different kinds of nature reserves; and hitting illegal hunting.熱熱 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)根據(jù)中文寫(xiě)出英文短語(yǔ)1. 除以外 in addition (to)2. 掃除，消滅 wipe out3. 縮減，減少 cut back on4. 用光，用完 run out (of)5. 以的形式 in the form of6. 裝備有，儲(chǔ)備有 be stocked with7. 依靠，依賴(lài)于 rely on重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)8. 導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生(結(jié)果) result in9. 聚集于，集中于 focus on10. 對(duì)有長(zhǎng)期的影響 have a lasting effect on11. 對(duì)有益 be beneficial to12. 對(duì)關(guān)心 be concerned about13. 肩并肩 side by side14. 自由發(fā)言 open the floor15. 禁止做 prohibitfrom doing1.open the floor for sth. 為展開(kāi)自由討論2.My suggestion is that we should try suggestion(建議)之后所加的從句，從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should動(dòng)詞原形)，同時(shí)should可以省略。3.What if we run out of space? what if 意為“倘使將會(huì)怎樣？”重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型.根據(jù)課文中的重點(diǎn)句子進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換1.As an economist, Im often seen as being against the environment. As I am working as an economist, people always regard me as the one whois against the environment.2.If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them. If you have any questions or comments, you can raise / voice them by using the time left.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型3.My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. I suggest that we (should) tryto cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型4.The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. The worlds population now is six times as much as what it was in 1800.5.Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. When asked ， many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型.漢譯英1. 發(fā)言結(jié)束后，我們就開(kāi)始自由提問(wèn)。(open; speech)When the speech is over, we will open the floor for questions.2. 他們的要求是要禁止國(guó)企老總(CEO)給自己漲薪。(demand；prohibit；表語(yǔ)從句)Their demand is that the CEOs of stateowned companies should be prohibited from raising their own salaries.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型3.森林資源被人類(lèi)一掃而光了會(huì)怎么樣？(wipe; if) What if the forests are wiped out by humans?4.這就是他們逃避對(duì)社會(huì)的責(zé)任的伎倆。(way; hide; 定語(yǔ)從句) This is the way (that / in which) they hide from their responsibility to the society.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 句句 型型重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞1、lay vt. 產(chǎn)卵，下蛋；放置，擺設(shè)。lie lay lain lying vi. 躺，位于，在于lie lied lied lying vi. 說(shuō)謊lay laid laid laying vt. 放，擱，產(chǎn)卵，下蛋重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞Lying on the grassland, we could feel the cool air blowing and watch the stars glittering in the sky. 躺在草地上，我們能感覺(jué)到?jīng)鲲L(fēng)吹拂和看到天空閃閃發(fā)亮的星星。Lies cannot cover up facts. 謊言不能掩蓋事實(shí)。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞2、concern n. 關(guān)心，關(guān)系，憂(yōu)慮 vi. 與相關(guān)，涉及，使關(guān)心 be concerned with與相關(guān) be concerned to do 認(rèn)為做某事重要 as far as Im concerned 在我看來(lái)There is a public concern about corruption. 公眾對(duì)于腐敗很關(guān)心。Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you. 不要干涉 / 影響與你無(wú)關(guān)的事。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞His job is concerned with computers. 他的工作和電腦有關(guān)。 concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的，憂(yōu)慮的，煩惱的 be concerned about / for / over 為擔(dān)心 / 憂(yōu)慮 / 煩惱We are all concerned about/for/over your safety.我們都很為你的安全擔(dān)心。 concerning prep. 關(guān)于We have a person who will be in charge of letters concerning public complaints. 我們有專(zhuān)人負(fù)責(zé)處理關(guān)于公眾投訴的信件。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞He is now having a hard time, _ about the problem _ the public transportation of the city.A. concerning； concerningB. concerned； concerningC. concerned； concernedD. concerning； concerned B 第一空是形容詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)，第二空為介詞短語(yǔ)“關(guān)于”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞3、 prohibit vt. 禁止；不準(zhǔn)；妨礙；阻止,常與from連用.Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在處理易爆物時(shí)，嚴(yán)格禁止吸煙。Shops are prohibited_from_selling cigarettes and wine to high school students. 商店是不準(zhǔn)向中學(xué)生售賣(mài)香煙和酒的。Boats are prohibited from entering this area in order to keep the dolphins safe. 船只被禁止進(jìn)入這一河段，以保護(hù)河豚的安全。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞 表示“禁止 / 阻止做”的句型還有： prevent(from) doing / be prevented from doing stopfrom doing / be stopped from doing keep from doing forbid / ban from doing discouragefrom doing重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞Some parents in the countryside keep their children _ in the fields instead of going to school, but now some policies are being made to keep the parents _ so. A.from working； from doing B. working； doing C. working； from doing D. from working； doing C 第一空是keep sb. doing 讓某人(一直)做；第二空是keepfrom doing 阻止做重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)1、in addition 另外，而且，用來(lái)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。 in addition to 除了外。這是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，其后要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。 He cant go out with you. Because he is busy with his homework. In addition, the weather is bad. 他不能和你外出。因?yàn)樗诿τ谧鲎鳂I(yè)，而且天氣不好。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞還有：besides, whats more, moreover, still more, whats better / worse, to make things better / worse等。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)_ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.A. In addition B. DespiteC. In addition to D. In spite of C 這里為介詞短語(yǔ)，表示“除了”，而B(niǎo)、D項(xiàng)是表示“不顧”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)2、cut back on削減，縮減，相當(dāng)于cut down on。Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.要盡量少吃脂肪和糖份含量過(guò)高的食品。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)cut across 走捷徑cut away 切除，剪掉cut in 插嘴，干預(yù)cut off 切斷，停掉cut down 削減，砍倒cut up 切碎cut out 裁剪出；切掉cut short 使停止,中斷重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)3、seeas “將視為”，其被動(dòng)形式的短語(yǔ)形式為：be seen asAfter his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation. 在他的第一部小說(shuō)出版后不久，他就被視為他這一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Seen_as_one_of_the_best_sellers,_the book will be published for a third time. 被看做是暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)之一的這本書(shū)將第三次印刷。 常見(jiàn)的表示“把當(dāng)成 / 看成”的短語(yǔ)有：regardas; consider as / to be; think / believe / supposeas; takeas; haveas; recognizeas等。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)4、keepin mind 記住Students should keep in mind that they must study hard. 學(xué)生們應(yīng)該記住必須要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Please keep what the teacher said in mind. 請(qǐng)把老師的話(huà)記在心上。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系keep fit = keep health 保持健康keep off the grass 勿踏草地keep on 繼續(xù)；保持keep out 關(guān)在門(mén)外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)keep out of 躲開(kāi)；置身于之外keep to 堅(jiān)持；保持；不離開(kāi)keep up 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；保持；維持keep up with 跟上；不落后；趕上重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)漢譯英處理緊急情況時(shí)要牢記最重要的事情是要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)5、hide from ones responsibility to 躲避某人對(duì)的責(zé)任 take responsibility for承擔(dān)對(duì)的責(zé)任responsibility to sb. 中sb.是給你職位或職責(zé)的人responsibility for sb. / sth. 是指sb. / sth. 為你要管理或服務(wù)的對(duì)象responsible adj. 應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)response n. & v. 回應(yīng)，反應(yīng)重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) He feels as if he alone _ what had happened.A. is responsible toB. should be responsible toC. be responsible forD. were responsible for D as if后的從句可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),be動(dòng)詞用were形式。疑疑 難難 句句 型型1、Then we will open the floor for discussion. 之后我們將展開(kāi)自由討論。 句中the floor為“發(fā)言權(quán)”，open the floor 進(jìn)行 / 開(kāi)始自由發(fā)言。After an hours formal debate, the chair opened the floor and made a final discussion. 經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)小時(shí)的正式辯論之后，主席發(fā)了言并作出了最終的裁決。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 have the floor 有發(fā)言權(quán)take the floor 站起來(lái)發(fā)言floor的詞義還有：全體與會(huì)者，議員席After they had each said a few words, Professor White took the floor. 他們各自說(shuō)了幾句話(huà)后，懷特教授開(kāi)始發(fā)言。Are there any views or points on the floor? 會(huì)場(chǎng)上有無(wú)任何要求或建議？疑疑 難難 句句 型型2、I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste. 我今天跟大家談?wù)勈澜缟洗笃瑓^(qū)域是怎樣受工業(yè)污染而被破壞的。 the way (that/in which) 的方法 通常先行詞the way 在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，其后定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用that / in which,也可以省略。疑疑 難難 句句 型型The way (that / in which) they solved the problem was amazing. 他們解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法很奇妙。 另外，“做的方法”還可用the way to do / the way of doing疑疑 難難 句句 型型The first time (that) I saw you, you were reading under a tree. 我第一回見(jiàn)到你時(shí)，你正在樹(shù)下讀書(shū)。 the first / second / last time等充當(dāng)先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞選用that，而且也可以省略。疑疑 難難 句句 型型They were used to the way _ Mr. Smith told them to solve these problems.A. of that B. in whichC. how D. which D 該題中的先行詞the way在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語(yǔ)而非狀語(yǔ)。疑疑 難難 句句 型型3、 The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. 目前的世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到當(dāng)時(shí)的6倍多。 population n. 人口，人口數(shù)；人，居民(集合名詞) population 表示“人口”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“(某一地區(qū)的)全體居民”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。疑疑 難難 句句 型型The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中國(guó)人口比日本人口多得多。About 30 percent of the population in the village have been struck by the illness. 整個(gè)村莊約30%的人口受到這種病的侵襲。疑疑 難難 句句 型型(1) 表示“人口多/少”： a large / small population； 問(wèn)一個(gè)地方的人口數(shù)：What is the population of 表示一個(gè)地方擁有多少人口：has / with a population of疑疑 難難 句句 型型 (2) 復(fù)習(xí)表示“增長(zhǎng)”、“減少”的一些表達(dá)方式： 表示增長(zhǎng)到：grow to, increase to, rise to, climb to； 表示以(程度 / 比例 / 比率)增長(zhǎng)：grow / increase / rise / climb by 表示減少到：fall / drop / decrease to 表示以(程度 / 比例 / 比率)減少：fall / drop / decrease by疑疑 難難 句句 型型This is a beautiful village with a population of 300, and only 15% of them _ to develop the village into a tourist resort.A. little； agrees B. little； agreeC. small； agree D. small； agrees C 第一空表示“人口少”，用small;第二空用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，是因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)population在這里表示“村民”、“居民”。疑疑 難難 句句 型型It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has _ 60% in the last two years.A. increased B. risen byC. decreased by D. grown to B 根據(jù)后面的百分比可知用介詞by, 又根據(jù)其前面的amazing及全句的意思可知是“增長(zhǎng)”了60%。疑疑 難難 句句 型型4、 But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides. 但有一點(diǎn)我非常贊同：循環(huán)利用或許是對(duì)兩者都有利的解決辦法。 key “答案，解決辦法”。句中的to為介詞，其后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。 In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to cooperate rather than argue. 依我的觀點(diǎn)，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法就是合作，而不是爭(zhēng)論。疑疑 難難 句句 型型下列詞組中to為介詞：listen to； refer to； pay attention to； look forward to；belong to； turn to; devoteto； be limited to；be resistent to； be addicted to； stick to； lead to； be used to； be accustomed to； get down to等。疑疑 難難 句句 型型Thanks to the good agricultural policy, many city people are now planning to turn to _ in the countryside to _ their career.A. investing； develop B. invest； developC. investing； developing D. invest； developing A 第一空turn to doing表示“轉(zhuǎn)而做”；第二空為不定式充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)。