第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法專項(xiàng)語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1313簡單句簡單句 英語中，只含有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句子或分句叫作簡單句。高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.陳述句的肯定句(1)主語謂語(不及物動詞)。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。(2)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語。如：Children are playing basketball.孩子們在打籃球。(3)主語連系動詞表語。如：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天樹葉變黃。(4)主語謂語(及物動詞)間接賓語直接賓語。如：My father bought me a computer.我爸爸給我買了臺電腦。(5)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：He made his sister cried just now.他剛剛把他妹妹弄哭了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 陳述句陳述句2陳述句的否定式在情態(tài)動詞、be動詞、助動詞后直接加not。如：Man can not live without water.沒有水人類不能生存。Jim is not playing football now.吉姆現(xiàn)在不在踢足球。He didnt watch TV last night.他昨晚沒看電視。 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 疑問句疑問句1.一般疑問句(1)一般疑問句的構(gòu)成把情態(tài)動詞、be動詞、助動詞提前，句尾加問號。第一人稱需變?yōu)榈诙朔Q，some變?yōu)閍ny，something 變?yōu)閍nything。(2)一般疑問句的用法一般疑問句表示詢問事物或某種情況是否屬實(shí)，需要對方給予肯定或否定的回答，回答一般用yes或no，讀時用升調(diào)。如：Are you a doctor？你是醫(yī)生嗎？Yes，I am. / No，Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。【注意】 (1)為使語氣客氣委婉，也可以用其他詞來代替yes或no來回答。如：Can you go to the park with me？你能與我一起去公園嗎？Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.恐怕不行。我還有很多工作要做。(2)否定的一般疑問句通常是以be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞加not 的縮略形式開頭，往往用于表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑。否定的一般疑問句的答語yes和no 的漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that？你沒有聽說過那件事嗎？Yes，I do. / No，I dont.不，我聽說過。/是的，我沒有聽說過。2.特殊疑問句(1)特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成特殊疑問句一般由“疑問詞一般疑問句”構(gòu)成。但當(dāng)主語是疑問代詞who，what，which 或 which作限定詞修飾主語時，句子應(yīng)用陳述語序。(2) 特殊疑問詞的用法特殊疑問詞用法例句what問事物是什么或人的職業(yè)。意為“什么”What is she？她的職業(yè)是什么？She is a nurse.她是一位護(hù)士。who用于對人進(jìn)行提問。意為“誰”Who is she？她是誰？She is my mother.她是我的媽媽。whom用于對作賓語的人提問。意為“誰”Whom did you go to the supermarket with？你和誰去的超市？I went to the supermarket with my brother.我和我哥去的超市。which用于對一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物提問。意為“哪一個”Which season do you like best？你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)？I like autumn best.我最喜歡秋天。whose用于對所屬關(guān)系進(jìn)行提問。意為“誰的”Whose book is this？這是誰的書？Lucys.露西的。when用于對時間提問，意為“什么時候”When is your birthday？你生日是哪天？May 5.五月五號。what time一般用于對具體的時間點(diǎn)提問。意為“幾點(diǎn)鐘”What time do you usually watch TV？你通常幾點(diǎn)看電視？I usually watch TV at 7：30.我通常7：30看電視。where用于對地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提問。意為“哪里”Where is Lily？莉莉在哪？She is at the school library.她在學(xué)校圖書館。why用于對原因進(jìn)行提問。意為“為什么”Why are you late？你為什么遲到了？how用于詢問做事的方式和詢問健康狀況。意為“如何，怎樣”How do you go to school？你怎樣去學(xué)校？I often go to school by bike.我經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校。how many跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，問數(shù)量。意為“多少”How many people are there in your family？你家有幾口人？5.五口。how much跟不可數(shù)名詞，問數(shù)量或價格。意為“多少”How much milk do you need？你需要多少的牛奶？how long對物體的長度、一段時間進(jìn)行提問。意為“多長，多久”How long is the bridge？這橋多長？how far對距離進(jìn)行提問。意為“多遠(yuǎn)”How far is it from your home to your school？你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？how often對頻率進(jìn)行提問。意為“多久一次”How often do you exercise？你多久鍛煉一次？3.選擇疑問句要求對方對兩種或兩種以上的情況進(jìn)行選擇的問句，叫作選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句的兩個供選擇的部分之間用or連接。選擇疑問句不能用yes 或 no 回答。如：Do you like Tom or Jerry？你喜歡湯姆還是杰瑞？I like Jerry.我喜歡杰瑞。Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas？你最喜歡哪一樣，蘋果、橘子還是香蕉？I like apples best.我最喜歡蘋果。4反意疑問句陳述部分附加部分例句肯定句否定疑問句You are a student，arent you？你是一名學(xué)生，對嗎？He works hard，doesnt he？他學(xué)習(xí)努力，對嗎？否定句肯定疑問句Those arent apples，are they？那些不是蘋果，是嗎？Lets祈使句shall we？Lets go to the movies，shall we？咱們?nèi)タ措娪埃脝?？祈使句will you？Let us go to the movies，will you？讓我們?nèi)タ措娪埃脝幔俊咀⒁狻?1.陳述句中有l(wèi)ittle，few，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等表示否定意義的詞時，附加反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如：There is little water in the bottle，is there？瓶子里沒多少水了，是嗎？2陳述句主語為不定代詞nothing，something，anything時，附加反意疑問部分的主語用代詞it；陳述句主語為不定代詞everyone，no one，someone，everybody，nobody，anybody時，附加反意疑問部分的主語常用代詞they，有時也用he。如：Something is wrong with your car，isnt it？你的車有問題了，是嗎？3陳述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe，suppose.)賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加反意疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞應(yīng)與賓語從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。如：I dont think he is right，is he？我認(rèn)為他不對，是吧？考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 祈使句祈使句 祈使句表示請求、命令、勸說、號召、警告等，其特點(diǎn)是省略了主語，以動詞原形開頭。根據(jù)動詞特點(diǎn)，祈使句常見幾種形式有：形式特點(diǎn)例句V型祈使句以行為動詞開頭Listen to me，please.請聽我講。B型祈使句以be開頭Be quiet，please.請安靜。L型祈使句以let開頭Let me help you.讓我?guī)椭?。D型祈使句以Dont動詞原形開頭Dont eat in class.不要在課堂上吃東西。No型祈使句No動詞的ing形式 No parking！禁止停車！ No名詞No photos！禁止拍照！考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 感嘆句感嘆句感嘆句就是用來表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Howadj./adv.(主語謂語)！How fast she is running！她跑得多快?。hat引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Whata / anadj.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) (主語謂語)！ What an interesting book it is！多么有趣的一本書?。?Whatadj.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) (主語謂語)！What good students they are！他們是多好的學(xué)生?。hatadj.不可數(shù)名詞(主語謂語)！What bad weather it is！多么糟糕的天氣?。】键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5 there bethere be句型句型1.there be句型構(gòu)成形式一般為 “there be某人/物地點(diǎn)/時間”，表示“在某地有某物(或某人)”。be動詞必須和主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如果主語部分是兩個以上的并列主語時，be動詞一般和就近主語的數(shù)或人稱保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.書桌上有一本書和兩支鉛筆。2“therebesb. / sth.地點(diǎn)”的否定形式是在be動詞后面加not，not any，no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里沒有水。3there be句型若變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋭t需要把be提前到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有水嗎？4there be句型有不同的時態(tài)，而且可以和各種助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。如：There will be / is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一將有一部新電影上映。There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.過去這兩幢樓后面有幾所房子。There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某個地方出錯了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 6 倒裝句倒裝句1.以here，there等副詞開頭構(gòu)成的倒裝句，有兩種形式：完全倒裝副詞動詞名詞Here is a photo of my family.這是一張我的全家福。不完全倒裝 副詞代詞動詞Here you are！給你！2.neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句“neither助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示上下句兩個不同人或物的行為或狀況一樣，是表示否定的倒裝。如：He wasnt late for school，neither was I他上學(xué)沒遲到，我也沒有。Tom has never been to China.湯姆從未去過中國。Neither has his brother.他的弟弟也沒去過。3副詞only置于句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語、條件狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、時間狀語等狀語時，主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用這種方式，你才能學(xué)好英語。十年真題十年真題全練全練 簡單句不是臨沂中考單項(xiàng)填空的常考點(diǎn)，有隔年考查的趨勢。在2018年臨沂英語中考中，單項(xiàng)填空可能有1道題考查簡單句，考查的內(nèi)容多為特殊疑問詞或感嘆句。在閱讀表達(dá)中則多為疑問句的考查?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 陳述句陳述句1.2012臨沂，78Lisa bought a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.(改為否定句)List _ _ _ _a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.22011臨沂，78There were some tigers in the mountains.(改為否定句)There _ _ _ _tigers in the mountains.32009臨沂，76Grace learns English by reading aloud.(改為否定句)Grace _ _ _ _English by reading aloud.didntbuywerentanydoesntlearn考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 疑問句疑問句4.2016臨沂，25_do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?Hardly ever.AHow often BHow long CHow many DHow much52015臨沂，26_people travel every year?Perhaps when we are talking about it，more than 100 planes have taken off around the world.AHow many BHow much CHow long DHow often62012臨沂，32_have you lived with your grandparents?About three years.AHow long BHow many CHow much DHow oftenAAA72009臨沂，29_ yogurt do you need?Three cups.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much82009臨沂，32Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word，_ he?Adoesnt Bdidnt Chasnt Disnt92008臨沂，25_do you go to the library?I usually go to the library twice a week.AHow long BHow oftenCHow far DHow manyDCB102008臨沂，27It rained last night，_？Awasnt it Bdidnt itCdoesnt it Dwont it112012臨沂，77There are some flowers in the garden.(改為一般疑問句)_ _ _ _any flowers in the garden?122012臨沂，79David is playing basketball in the playground now.(對畫線部分提問)_ _ _ _playing basketball in the playground now?132011臨沂，77Alice has a tennis racket.(改為一般疑問句)_ _Alice _ _a tennis racket?142011臨沂，79The twins are of medium height(對畫線部分提問)_ _ _ _ the twins _ _ _ _？BArethereWhoisDoeshaveWhatdolooklike152010臨沂，76Julie bought a tennis racket last Sunday.(改為一般疑問句)_ Julie _ a tennis racket last Sunday?162010臨沂，77Our school holds an Art Festival once_a_year(對畫線部分提問)_ _ does your school hold an Art Festival?172009臨沂，77Tina was_waiting_for_me when I arrived at the museum.(對畫線部分提問)_ _ _ Tina _ when you arrived at the museum?DidWhatbuyHowoftenwasdoing182008臨沂，86There is a park near here.(改為一般疑問句)_ _ _ a park near here?192008臨沂，87Gina usually goes to school by_bicycle every day.(對畫線部分提問) _ _Gina usually go to school every day?IsthereHowdoes考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 祈使句祈使句20.2012臨沂，80You shouldnt arrive late for class.(改為祈使句)_ _ _ _ late for class.212008臨沂，88You shouldnt eat in class.(改為祈使句)_ _ _ _ in class.DontDontarriveeat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 感嘆句感嘆句22.2017臨沂，27_amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Linyi!AHow an BHow CWhat an DWhat232014臨沂，28_ delicious these beef noodles are!AWhat BHow CWhat a DHow aCB猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測單項(xiàng)填空1_ do you volunteer in Old Peoples Home?Once a week.We hope to help the old more.AHow soon BHow many CHow often DHow long2Could you tell me_it takes to walk to the Disneyland?About 20 minutes.Ahow far Bhow long Chow often Dhow soon3_ did you visit Taiwan with，Sarah?My parents.We had a good time there.AWhat BWho CWhere DWhen4_ Disney amusement parks are there in China?Two.AHow many BHow often CHow soon DHow longCBBA5_ will Mr.Brown be back?In an hour.AHow long BHow often CHow soon DHow much6_ is it from your home to your school?Its about ten minutes walk.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much7_ exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.AWhat a BWhat an CHow DHow a8My sister has won the first prize._ great she is! We are so proud of her.AWhat a BWhat CHow a DHowCBDB