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1、第二部分第二部分 專項語法專項語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項1010動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)高頻考點高頻考點精講精講1.一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成在一般情況下用動詞原形,若主語為第三人稱單數(shù),一般在動詞原形后加s或es??键c考點1 1 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況直接加sreadreads;loveloves以s,o,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加espasspasses;boxboxes;teachteaches;washwashes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕,再加escarrycarries;studystudies不規(guī)則變化 havehas;beam/is/are2.一般現(xiàn)在時時間狀語alway
2、s,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,never,every day,on Sunday,every evening,every month,once a week等。3一般現(xiàn)在時的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。如:I often take a walk in the park.我經(jīng)常在公園散步。These Tshirts are new.這些T恤是新的。(2)表示客觀事實、真理。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。(3)在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動
3、作。如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨,我將在戶外騎自行車。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來的時候,我將把這個好消息告訴她。 考點考點2 2 一般過去時一般過去時1.一般過去時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)實義動詞的一般過去時句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語動詞的過去式其他.I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去看電影了。否定句主語didnt動詞原形其他.I didnt go to the cinema
4、yesterday.我昨天沒看電影。一般疑問句及其答語Did主語動詞原形其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語did.否定回答:No,主語didnt/did not.Did you go to the cinema yesterday?你昨天去看電影了嗎?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.是的,我去了。/不,我沒去。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞did主語動詞原形其他?Where did you go yesterday?你昨天去了哪兒?I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去看電影了。(2)be 動詞的一般過去時句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語was/were其他.I was at
5、 home yesterday.我昨天在家。否定句主語wasnt/werent其他.I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天沒在家。一般疑問句及其回答Were/Was主語其他?Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家嗎?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.是的,我在家。/不,我不在家。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞were/was主語其他?Where were you yesterday?你昨天在哪?2.動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加edwashwashed;helphelped以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾加dhopeh
6、oped;likeliked以輔音字母y結(jié)尾 變y為i,再加edcarrycarried;studystudied結(jié)尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加edstopstopped;planplanned(2)不規(guī)則變化(見九年級英語課本P184附表)3一般過去時的時間狀語yesterday,last month,two weeks ago,in 1987,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once
7、 upon a time,long long ago等。 4一般過去時的用法(1)一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:What did you do yesterday?昨天你做了什么?I went swimming.我去游泳了。(2)表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作。如:When I was at middle school,I often went to school by bike.我讀中學(xué)時,經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校。考點考點3 3 一般將來時一般將來時1.一般將來時的構(gòu)成如:I am going to Beijing next week.我打算
8、下周去北京。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。2一般將來時的時間狀語tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week,soon,in一段時間,in the future等。3一般將來時的用法(1)表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:They will go to the mountains tomorrow.他們明天去爬山。(2)表示將來的意愿、決心、許諾、命令。如:I will do my best to catch up with them.我將會盡最大的努力趕上他們。Shall I open t
9、he door?我能打開門嗎?考點考點4 4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成由be動詞(am,is,are)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成?,F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下表:情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加inglooklooking;workworking以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾去e,再加ingwritewriting;dancedancing以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)先雙寫詞尾的字母再加ingbeginbeginning;swimswimming以ie結(jié)尾的詞變ie為y再加ingdiedying;lielying;tietyingnow,these days,at the moment,right now
10、,look,listen等。3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在(說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。如:He is reading at the school library.他正在圖書館看書。(2)表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。如:Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.這些日子格林先生正在寫另一本書。(3)已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來的活動。類似的動詞有:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等。如:I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青島。考點考點5 5 過去進(jìn)行時
11、過去進(jìn)行時1.過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成由be 動詞(was/were)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。2過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語at seven oclock yesterday evening,at this time last night,at that moment,from seven to nine yesterday等。3過去進(jìn)行時的用法(1)表示在過去某個時間點正在發(fā)生的事情。如:What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning? 昨天上午九點她在做什么?(2)在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句動作都是延續(xù)性的或同時發(fā)生的,那么都可以用過去進(jìn)行時。如:Whi
12、le I was cooking in the kitchen,he was cleaning his room.當(dāng)我在廚房做飯的時候,他正在打掃房間??键c考點6 6 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成由have/has動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。2現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語(1)與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,如:“for時間段”或“since時間點”。如:I have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我在這個城市已經(jīng)生活了40多年。(2)與already,neve
13、r,ever,just等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如:I have already found my book.我已經(jīng)找到我的書了。(3)與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時間的狀語連用,如:lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days,up to now,so far等。如:The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過去兩年時間里寫了一本新書。Have you seen her parents these days?
14、這些天你看見她的父母了嗎?The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止,布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。4現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和already(肯定句),yet(疑問句)連用。如:I have already had a rest.我已經(jīng)休息一會兒了。(2)表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并還要繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常和“for時間段”以及“since時間點”連用。如:He has been away for two days.他已經(jīng)離開兩天了。十年真題十年真
15、題全練全練動詞的時態(tài)是臨沂近十年英語中考單項填空和動詞應(yīng)用的必考點,考查的內(nèi)容多為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時六種時態(tài)。 預(yù)計在2018年臨沂英語中考中,單項填空仍然會有1道題考查動詞的時態(tài),動詞應(yīng)用仍是考查動詞時態(tài)的主要題型??疾閷ο罂赡苁且话悻F(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、一般過去時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時或現(xiàn)在完成時??键c考點3 3 一般將來時一般將來時1.2016臨沂,17Did you call Jenny?Oh no,I forgot.I _ her right away.Acalled Bhave calledCcall Dwill callD220
16、12臨沂,25Traveling to space is no longer just a dream.Russia _ the first hotel in space in the near future.A builds Bwill buildCbuild Dhas build32011臨沂,29Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he dies.Aleaves BleftCwill leave Dwould leaveBC考點考點4 4 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時4.2014臨沂,24Turn off the wa
17、ter while you _ your teeth or washing your hands.Awere brushing BbrushCare brushing Dbrushed52011臨沂,25Look! Jack and his monkey _ flying disk together in the garden.Ais playing Bwas playingCare playing Dwere playing CC考點考點5 5 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時6.2015臨沂,20Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he_
18、around the world.Awas traveling Bis travelingCtraveled DtravelsA考點考點6 6 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時7.2016臨沂,24“I want to go to Mars(火星),because its a place that no one _ to before,” said Carson.Ahas gone Bhas been Cwas Dwent82010臨沂,32I must return the dictionary to Allen now.I_ it for three weeks already.Akept Bwill
19、 keep Ckeep Dhave kept92008臨沂,22He_a million yuan to Wenchuan since the earthquake.Ahas given away Bgave awayChave given away Dgives awayBDA猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測單項填空1Look! A dog _a blind man across the road.Aleads Blead Cis leadingDled2Where were you when I called?I _ on the bed.Alied Bwas lying Clay Dwas lieing
20、3Would you like to see the movie Zootopia with us?Id love to! But I _ it.Asaw Bsee Cwill see Dhave seenCBD4Where did you go last weekend?I _ to the Mengshan Mountain.Ago Bwent Cwill go Dhave gone5I heard your father had gone to Beijing on business.Yes.And he _ in three weeks.Awill return Bhas returnedCreturned DreturnsBA