專題二主旨、要義、作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度類題目命題特點(diǎn)針對文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的標(biāo)題進(jìn)行設(shè)問。(1)設(shè)題關(guān)鍵詞：general idea/main idea/mainly tells.main meaning/attitude towards.intention/intend to./tend to./have a tendency.(2)設(shè)題切入點(diǎn)：從文章中的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞可推斷作者的意圖與態(tài)度。態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、贊同的關(guān)鍵詞：approval/approve/be in favour of，argue，believe，suppose，think，be convinced that.考查重點(diǎn)(1)對文章的歸納總結(jié)能力。(2)對標(biāo)題關(guān)鍵詞的提煉能力。方法技巧(1)利用信息詞(如all in all，in a word，therefore，It shows.等)確定主題句、總結(jié)句的位置。(2)對于主題隱含的段落，先弄清問題的意思，然后快速通讀全文，逐項排除，確定主旨。(3)記敘文：“何人何時何地何法干何事”。(4)議論文：多在首段或尾段。(5)夾敘夾議：多在尾段。Passage 1Over 70 percent of the “double singlechild couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey.Women of China magazine and a consulting pany carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “singlechild” generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly ine of 4，000 yuan($531). Among them, 43.5 percent have kids.Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.Grown up as the “singlechild”， the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents.The parents of the “singlechild” generation focused more on their childrens physical wellbeing rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists. The research also found that the “double singlechild couples” follow a rather traditional value system.Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didnt tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone.Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships, 65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that promise(妥協(xié))and tolerance(寬容) are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了讓父母照顧孩子的社會現(xiàn)象。1The best title for the passage should be “_”AMum and Dad, take care of my kid pleaseBDouble singlechild couplesCThe problem of the single childDA recent survey by Women of China解析：文章首段就點(diǎn)明了文章的論點(diǎn)很多雙獨(dú)生子女夫婦讓父母為他們照顧孩子。下文就圍繞這一論點(diǎn)展開具體論述。答案：A2Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?AThe majority of the “double singlechild couples” in China depend much on their parents.BThe parents of the “singlechild” generation cared more about their study and education.COnefifth of the couples surveyed didnt get married until dating for five years.DAll the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates.解析：從文章第五段可知這些獨(dú)生子女的父母更多地關(guān)心他們的身體健康，而不是他們的態(tài)度和價值觀，這里的態(tài)度和價值觀當(dāng)然包括他們的學(xué)習(xí)觀和教育觀，故B項表述錯誤，符合題意。其他選項文中均有表述。答案：B3Which of the following descriptions about “double singlechild couples” is TRUE?AThey are single children in either family and they are independent on their parents.BThey are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents.CThey have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.DThey, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system.解析：文章第四段提到他們都是獨(dú)生子女，并且很依賴他們的父母。答案：B4The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers to one that_Aparents are concerned about their childrens physical life as well as the spiritual lifeBmost couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long timeConce begun, double singlechild couples marriage will last foreverDthe couples think that promise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage解析：由文章最后一段可知，傳統(tǒng)價值觀念包括：夫婦雙方都要有一定的妥協(xié)和容忍。由第五段可以排除A項； 由第七段可以排除B項； C項文中沒有提到。答案：D5According to the passage, we can learn that _ is necessary in a marriage.AwealthBhealthCunderstanding Deducation解析：由最后一段 “.65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that promise(妥協(xié)) and tolerance(寬容) are necessary in their marriage.”中的promise和tolerance可知C項為正確答案。A、B、D三項文中也有涉及，但都不是最準(zhǔn)確的。答案：CPassage 2Millions of people pass through the gates of Disneys entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way theyre treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”， as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves.All new employees, from vice presidents to parttime workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions 1”. Here, they learn about the panys history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success.After passing “Traditions 1”， the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eighthour days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds？.We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”Even Disneys managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail (單軌車), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park e alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the panys goals more clearly.All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one longtime business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, municates with them, and rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success.I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.”【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了迪斯尼公司通過嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練管理和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)吸引了來自世界各地的人們。1The first day they e to Disney parks, all new employees _Abegin as ticket takersBmust learn several jobsCbegin by receiving onthejob trainingDhave already attended Disney University解析：從第二段“All new employees, from vice presidents to parttime workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking Traditions 1”和后面所講述的訓(xùn)練情況可知，每一個新職員必須進(jìn)行工作培訓(xùn)。答案：C2The main goal of the Disney employees is to _Alearn all parts of the businessBkeep their important guests happyCbe able to answer all kinds of questionsDsee that their guests enjoy themselves解析：根據(jù)文中第三段最后一句話“Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”可知，迪斯尼樂園員工的目的是為了讓客人過得高興。答案：D3Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to _Again a better view of the panys objectivesBremind themselves of their beginnings at DisneyCset a good example for employeesDreplace employees on holiday解析：根據(jù)第四段“Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes.”和這一段的最后一句話“The managers agree that this week helps them to see the panys goals more clearly.”可知，經(jīng)理們每年穿上特殊的工作服的目的是為了更好地認(rèn)清迪斯尼樂園的創(chuàng)辦目標(biāo)。答案：A4Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AParades are regularly held in Disneys entertainment parks.BDisney attracts people almost from all over the world.CTourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks.DDisneys managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks.解析：通讀全文可知，選項C是錯誤的，因為游客到迪斯尼的目的不是為了學(xué)習(xí)它的歷史，而是進(jìn)行娛樂活動。答案：C5This passage is mainly about _Ahow Disney employees are trainedBthe history and traditions of the Disney enterprisesCthe importance Disney places on serving people wellDwhy Disney enterprises make a lot of money解析：整篇文章主要介紹了迪斯尼公司通過嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練管理和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)吸引了來自世界各地的人們。答案：CPassage 3Bicycle SafetyOperationAlways ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校園). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft PreventionAlways securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rackeven if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakesMake sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.HelmetMake sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.LightsAlways have a front headlightvisible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on CampusAs a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle ParkingOnly park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for：No bicycle registration$25Bicycle parking banned$30Blocking the path with the bicycle$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35【語篇解讀】 本文講述了在校園騎自行車應(yīng)注意的一些事項。1Registration of your bicycle may help you _Afind your stolen bicycle Bget your serial numberCreceive free repair servicesDsettle conflicts with walkers解析：根據(jù)Theft Prevention一段中的“.which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.”可知選A。答案：A2According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?ABrakes.BA helmet.CA headlight. DA taillight.解析：根據(jù)Equipment 中的Lights一段敘述可知，brakes，helmet以及headlight是自行車的必要配置。答案：D3When you ride a bicycle on the campus, _Aride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksBcycle at a speed of over 15 mphCput the walkers right of way firstDcall the police before leaving in case of an accident解析：根據(jù)Riding On Campus中“Always give the right of way to walkers.”可知答案。答案：C4If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _A$25 B$30C$35 D$40解析：根據(jù)Bicycle Parking一段及“Bicycle parking banned$30”可知答案。答案：B5What is the passage mainly about?AA guide for safe bicycling on the campus.BDirections for bicycle tour on the campus.CRegulations of bicycle race on the campus.DRules for riding motor vehicles on the campus.解析：通讀全文可知本文講述了在校園內(nèi)騎自行車應(yīng)注意的一些事項。故選A。答案：APassage 4If you are afraid of the dark，its not a big deal.Its perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do, too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“Its a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying redeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果凍一樣的塊狀物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(懸掛)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.If hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs dont always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.【語篇解讀】恐懼是人類和動物常見的一種現(xiàn)象，恐懼是一件好事。動物對于恐懼的反應(yīng)是不同的，有些反應(yīng)方式甚至超乎你的想象。1It can be inferred from the passage that fears_Ahelp animals grow bigger and strongerBare less mon among young animalsChelp animals move a lot to fit the environmentDare more or less important in order for animals to survive解析：根據(jù)第一段“.because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D項正確。答案：D2We are told in the passage that tree frogs_Aface danger both inside their eggs and in the waterBwill grow fast if they fall into the water laterCare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsDstay in their eggs longer if they are frightened解析：根據(jù)第五段的“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和第六段的“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.”可知，它們在孵化期間害怕蛇的攻擊，在水里害怕其他動物把蝌蚪吃掉。故選A項。答案：A3Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because_Athey like falling into the water earlyBthey want to grow into adult frogsCthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackDfrog embryos can grow strong解析：根據(jù)第五段“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因為對它們有威脅的蛇不會游泳，所以提前孵化出來，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能夠逃脫蛇的攻擊了。故選C項。答案：C4What is the best title of the passage?AWhat is fearBWhy do we feel afraidCYou feel afraid，and animals do, tooDFear is a good thing解析：根據(jù)第一段“Fear matters.”和“Its a good thing”，可知，害怕是一件好事。故選D項。答案：D5What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?AFurther explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.BHow the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.CAnother example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.DHow tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.解析：根據(jù)第三段“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然這是舉例，有了第一個例子，那么它的后面肯定還有例子。故選C項。答案：CPassage 5That the Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a 20 million project to save it has proved to be a great success. The tower, which was on the edge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches, returning it to its 1838 position.“It has straightened a little bit more than we expected, but very little helps，”said Prof.John Burland, the only British member of the rescue mittee.“The tower is still very slightly moving towards being upright.”The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears.The 183foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain(作用力)Prof.Burland said it could have collapsed “at any moment”However, it took nine years of quarrelling before any work was done.The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out.Concrete(混凝土) was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil.The straightening work involved digging out around 70 tonnes of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side.Before the digging started, the tower was fixed with steel ropes and 600 tonnes of lead weights.However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the lead weights led to their removal and the tower leaned greatly.The weights were hurriedly reattached. One night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year.The towers stonework has also been restored.The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989, killing four people.Experts suddenly realized that the tower at Pisa, which was similarly built and on the same sort of earth, could do the same.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了比薩斜塔的傾斜歷史及政府為此做出的努力。1What would be the best title for the passage?AThe building of the Leaning Tower of PisaBSaving the Leaning Tower of PisaCThe collapse of the Leaning Tower of PisaDThe history of the Leaning Tower of Pisa解析：文章第一段就提到“.has proved to be a great success.”，并且下文也是圍繞拯救比薩斜塔進(jìn)行闡述的。答案：B2According to the passage, the Leaning Tower of Pisa _Aclosed for the straightening work in 1990Bbegan to lean more than 800 years agoChas a history of more than 1，000 yearsDhas bee vertical解析：第三段第一句提到比薩斜塔自1173年建立(至今已有800多年的歷史)時就開始傾斜。答案：B3What drove the Italian government to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa?AThe development of new technology.BThe advice of Prof.John Burland.CThe expectation of the rescue mittee.DThe collapse of a tower in Pavia.解析：文章最后一段提到“The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989.”，說明正是另一個地方的塔的倒塌才使政府意識到拯救比薩斜塔的迫切性，故答案為D。答案：D4What most probably played the most important part in straightening the tower?AThe lead weights fixed to the tower.BRestoring the stonework.CPouring concrete into the foundations.DDigging earth from the southern side of the tower.解析：文章第六段提到把lead weights移走后，導(dǎo)致塔又有很大的傾斜，這正說明lead weights所起的作用。答案：A5Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AThe position of the tower has been restored to what it was 172 years ago.BHundreds of years of strain has weakened the towers structure.CThe tower doesnt lean any more after the straightening work finished.DPeople spent nine years in discussing about the straightening work.解析：從第一段第一句“.no longer leans quite so much.”可知C項與文章內(nèi)容不符。從第一段最后一句“塔被扶正18英寸后，恢復(fù)到了它1838年時的位置”，即172年前的樣子，可推知A項符合文章內(nèi)容；從第三段最后一句可知B項符合文章內(nèi)容；從第四段第二句可知D項符合文章內(nèi)容。答案：C