Uint 10 Money課時(shí)練1閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解A(2018吉林長(zhǎng)春七校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldbergers wife. None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國醫(yī)生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過程。Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的認(rèn)真、犧牲精神令人感動(dòng)。1Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”，再結(jié)合Goldberger在監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看來，糙皮病和食物有關(guān)，而且患者大多生活條件差；再結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了該病可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患糙皮病。2What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasnt so terrible.BPellagra didnt spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasnt a medical problem.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中提到的Goldberger認(rèn)為糙皮病不是傳染病以及第四段中提到的他為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容(將患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的體內(nèi)、將糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液體放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮膚組織的藥丸)和結(jié)果(他沒患病)可推知，Goldberger進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明糙皮病不傳染。3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.A解析：推理判斷題。文中提到的Goldberger在監(jiān)獄及在他自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容表明他全心全意地投入到對(duì)糙皮病的研究中，有奉獻(xiàn)精神；盡管一些人不認(rèn)可Goldberger的觀點(diǎn)，但他仍堅(jiān)持自己的看法并堅(jiān)決地去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅(jiān)定。故選A。B(2018湖北省武漢市調(diào)研測(cè)試)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of puters, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代碼) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.He attended Queens University in Canada, and transferred(轉(zhuǎn)到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelors degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.First panyZip2 CorporationIn 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first pany Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.Online BankingIn 1999, Elon Musk started X with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receivers email address.PayPalIn 2000, X. bought a pany called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on being a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.Space Exploration TechnologiesIn 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.Tesla MotorsIn 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The pany has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.SolarCityIn 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光電的) products and services pany with his cousin Lyndon Rive.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了埃隆馬斯克的人生經(jīng)歷和偉大成就。4What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?AEconomics.BPhysics.CEnergy. DCoding.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位瘋狂的電腦迷，十二歲時(shí)他就為自己的視頻游戲?qū)懘a并獲利了；據(jù)此可知，他小時(shí)候就有寫代碼的天賦，故D項(xiàng)正確。5Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?AX. BConfinity.CPayPal. DeBay.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PayPal部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供國際轉(zhuǎn)賬支付服務(wù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。6What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musks project?ASponsoring the Mars Society.BDeveloping rocket technologies.CBuilding a greenhouse on Mars.DSupporting the exploration of Mars.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究開發(fā)火箭技術(shù)，幫助Musk實(shí)現(xiàn)他的項(xiàng)目(目標(biāo))，故B項(xiàng)正確。7What is Tesla Motors noted for?AIts electric vehicles.BIts photovoltaic products.CIts service as a city tourist guide.DIts business with other panies.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tesla Motors部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的公司，故A項(xiàng)正確。C(2018東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬)Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxlee Type：FantasyStoryline：When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.Targeted readers：People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.A Hundred Horses by Sarah LeanType: MysteryStoryline：The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angels true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesnt know, but Angel might know.Targeted readers：Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine JinksType: FantasyStoryline：Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, its up to her to figure out why.Targeted readers：Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris GrabensteinType: FictionStoryline：After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid ic of New York State.Targeted readers： This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本書籍，提供了每本書的名稱、作者、種類、故事情節(jié)和目標(biāo)讀者。8Which writer tells a story about a girl saving a boy?AKaren Foxlee.BSarah Lean.CCatherine Jinks.DJames Patterson and Chris Grabenstein.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)第一本書的簡(jiǎn)介，尤其是第二句“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.”可知，在冰雪女王冰凍世界之前Ophelia必須幫助那個(gè)男孩逃離，故選A。9Nature lovers may take interest in_AOphelia and the Marvelous BoyBA Hundred HorsesCHow to Catch a BogleDI Even Funnier: A Middle School StoryB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書對(duì)目標(biāo)讀者的描述“Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.”可知，喜歡動(dòng)物和自然的孩子一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書令人興奮，故第二本書A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即B項(xiàng)正確。10Who went through life challenges without losing heart?AOphelia.BNell.CStevie. DJamie.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)第四本書的簡(jiǎn)介中的“But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals.”可知，Jamie在失去父母寄居在親戚家時(shí)依舊保持積極的態(tài)度，追求自己的夢(mèng)想，故選D項(xiàng)。11In which section of a newspaper can we find such a passage?AFashion. BLiterature.CBusiness. DLocal news.B解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)文章是對(duì)四本書的介紹可知，這篇文章可能來自報(bào)紙的文學(xué)版塊，即B項(xiàng)正確。D(2018廣東佛山檢測(cè))Exposed soil isnt part of natures master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isnt bare for long; within days seedlings(芽) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months time, the scar is hardly noticeable.Unlike these natural examples, ploughed(耕犁) fields and freshly dug gardens are obvious examples created by man. But, left to nature, even these bare soils soon turn green with a large number of tiny seedlings. In fields, gardens and on grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature.Whenever soil is exposed, weeds act like a kind of medicine to reduce the potentially harmful rays of the sun, so the sooner plant growth covers the soil over again, the better.Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil. Their roots get the soil together, improving its structure and creating a more stable environment in which soil life can grow fast. Those weeds with a deep root draw up plant nutrients from deeper in the ground, making them available to plants growing near the soil surface. Above ground, the stems(莖)of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the soil, adding to the fertility of the soil.As the soil bees more fertile, different kinds of plants start to replace the “pioneering” weeds. Bushes move in to take the place by gradually shading them out, followed in turn by trees, which eventually push up through the bushes, finally shading them out too. Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil. Then, when one of these mature trees is removed in a storm，leaving a wound of bare soil in the earth, the whole process starts again.【解題導(dǎo)語】人們到處阻止雜草等植物的生長(zhǎng)，然而，它們卻有助于增加土壤的肥沃度。所以，土壤和植物之間是相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系。12When will soil be left bare?AA land fire has just happened.BA young tree is planted in.CNo one ploughs the land.DNo crops are planted in.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Exposed soil isnt part of natures master plan. Good examples.where the ground has been burnt by a land fire.可知，剛被火燒過的土地被稱作裸土。故選A項(xiàng)。13Which of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering?ASeedlings appearing in gardens.BReducing harmful rays of the sun.CRemoving weeds from pavements.DReplacing plants in sports fields.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，人們除掉路邊雜草的行為就是在阻止裸土的恢復(fù)。故選C項(xiàng)。14What can weeds do for the soil?AThey create soil life.BThey help improve the soil.CThey get nutrients from the sun.DThey break down fallen leaves.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil.可知，雜草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。15How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in?ABy adding more weeds to the soil.BBy taking out the weeds constantly.CBy removing the previous bushes.DBy making use of the fallen leaves.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil.可判斷D項(xiàng)正確。 七選五(2018長(zhǎng)沙模擬)With todays stressful lifestyles, its important to have time that you spend doing something just for the fun of it. While there are many great hobbies to choose from, the hobbies here are particularly useful in relieving stress.1_Whether you simply learn to take better pictures of your friends and family, or explore the world of creating true art, photography can be a great hobby. As you practice seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer, you may begin to see things differently.GardeningGardening can be a great stress reliever for many reasons.2._. In addition, it can also create more beautiful surroundings to e home for each day, and more.KnittingAside from helping you create beautiful gifts for yourself and others, knitting provides you with an opportunity to relieve stress. The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of “flow”，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.3._DrawingYou can get in touch with your artistic side and use drawing as a way to process emotions.4._. The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.Playing the piano5_. While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby. Learning to play an instrument such as the piano can be a stress reliever for you as well as for those around you.ALaughing more, stressing lessBExploring photographyCIt can get you into the sunshine and fresh airDMusic has many health and stress relief benefitsEThese suggestions can help you reduce tension in your body nowFGradually knitting may be making you better at your day jobGBesides, it can distract you, and achieve other stress management benefits【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了幾種可以緩解壓力的愛好。1B解析：根據(jù)本段中的“photography can be a great hobby” 可知，本段推薦的興趣是攝影，所以選B項(xiàng)。2C解析：根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題 Gardening 及空后一句可推知，做園藝工作可以享受陽光，呼吸新鮮空氣，故選C項(xiàng)。3F解析：承接上文的“The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of flow，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.”并結(jié)合本段標(biāo)題 Knitting 可推知，編織會(huì)讓人們工作得更好，所以選F項(xiàng)。4G解析：根據(jù)下文的“The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.” 可推知， 畫畫可以轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，調(diào)節(jié)壓力，所以選G項(xiàng)。5D解析：根據(jù)下文的“While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby.” 可知，音樂有利于健康，并有助于緩解壓力，所以選D項(xiàng)。