精品資料初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法（動(dòng)詞不定式）1不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形 (如to write) 所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動(dòng)詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式有進(jìn)行體和完成體(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被動(dòng)態(tài)(如to be written)，所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，也不論是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞還是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，都有不定式形式。助動(dòng)詞除be和have外， 沒(méi)有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法功能上可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2不定式的用法1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情況下，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語(yǔ)(形式主語(yǔ)it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)for sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式， 另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代(副)詞+不定式：這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代(副)詞有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容詞+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表語(yǔ)一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式(表示條件)；表語(yǔ)也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living另一種情況為主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語(yǔ)主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wish to quarrel with you3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語(yǔ)從句。例如作原因狀語(yǔ)：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的狀語(yǔ)：1.She raised her voice to be heard better2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to，但在有些搭配中不帶to，在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來(lái)，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：1) 在cancould， /maymight，willwould，shallshould，must， need，dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2)在表示感覺(jué)意義的動(dòng)詞，如see初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have，let，make等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions3)在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behavior.5) 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：1.They let go of the rope他們松開(kāi)了繩子。2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.I've heard tell of him我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。6)在介詞but初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to，反之則必須帶to，表示“不得不初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短語(yǔ)是固定搭配，不帶to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)緊跟在why或why not之后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who，what，which，whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning?You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的完成式和進(jìn)行式1)構(gòu)成完成式：to+ have done進(jìn)行式：to+ be doing2)用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，那么不定式就要用其完成式。進(jìn)行式：如果主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要用其進(jìn)行式。例如：1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America3.When you called me last night， I happened to be working on the computer5不定式的被動(dòng)形式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如：1.For twelve years， Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca's name to be mentioned and his work to be published2.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain6不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out單項(xiàng)選擇1. _ the seeds and they will grow.A. Water     B. To water C. Watering     D. Watered2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people.A. provide   B. to provide C. providing     D. provided3. He arrived at the office early, _ a good example to the others.A. set      B. to set C. to be set      D. having set4. Please make my excuse at tomorrows meeting Ive got too much work _.A. to do to come  B. doing comingC. to do coming  D. to do coming5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _A. to find   B. to have found C. to be found     D. being found6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _ how much they would cost.A. to explain  B. explaining C. to be explaining D. having explained7. To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good.A. put     B. putting C. to put    D. to be putting8. Please remember _ the plants while Im away.A. watering   B. to be wateringC. to water  D. being watering9. _ wine, first you must press the grapes.A. Making    B. To makeC. To be making     D. Make10. Ive never been so poor _ able to afford a meal.A. as to be not   B. not as to be C. as not to be  D. as to not be11. I dont know whether to stay in teaching or _another job.A. trying getting  B. to try to get C. trying to get  D. try get12. Ill have to change my clothes before I go out I dont want _ like this.A. to see  B. to be seeing C. to be seen     D. being seen13. In fact, she was the first woman _to such a post.A. to elect   B. to be electing C. to have elected  D. to have been elected14. Id like _over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.A. flying    B. being flying C. to be flying      D. be flying15. Im learning _ a cake. Can you explain _ one?A. to make, to make    B. how to make, to makeC. to learn, how to make   D. making, making16. Whom would you rather _ with you, Jim or Jack?A. have go      B. have to go C. have gone     D. has to go17. The husband advised _to the south, but his wife advised him _ up the idea.A. moving, giving   B. to move, to give C. moving, to give  D. to move, giving18. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “Id prefer _, thank you.” A. not to   B. to not C. not      D. cant19. I would mend your radio, but I dont know _.A. how     B. to C. how to    D. to how20. “I havent heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose _ to him?”A. was happening  B. to happen C. has happened  D. had happened21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send  B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. “Do you know the girl in red?” “She seems _ me at last months party. But Im not sure.A. to introduce to                 B. to be introduced to C. being introduced to           D. to have been introduced to23. We all agreed _ for another day, but Jim disagreed _A. to wait, to do so  B. to wait,不填C. waiting, doing so D. waiting,不填24. He made up his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily.A. to prevent, to live              B. to prevent, from livingC. to preventing, to live          D. to preventing, from living25. I wish Id been there I would like _ her face when his husband came in.A. to see                              B. to have seenC. seeing                              D. having seen 【參考答案】15 ABBAC 610 AACBC 1115 BCDCC 1620 ACACC2125 CDBCB