Unit4 Global warming.閱讀理解ANaturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfout,butwhenwehumansgetinvolved,wetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscantkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermany,ledbybiologistTobiasErb,havefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2,whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange.Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime. “Ifyouthinkaboutplants,theyareefficientCO2-fixingfilters,buttheyarenotfast,” Erbsaid. “Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic(人造的)biology.”Erbsteamidentified17enzymes(酶)fromninedifferentorganisms,re-engineeringthreeofthem,thathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateam,theyworkedbetteratnotonlyplantsnaturalenzymes,butalsothemselvesindividually.Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molesofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80molespersecond.Sofar,theseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelab,butthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantstoseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.1.Whycantforestsandoceansbalancenature?A.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller.B.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO2.C.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown.D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld.2.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam?A.ToincreasetheplantsabilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2.B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly.C.ToreducethehumanactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO2.D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld.3.Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld.B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange.C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab.D.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture.4.Thispassageisintendedto.A.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplantsabilityofabsorbingCO2B.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnatureC.analysethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplantsD.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechangeBTodaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern,rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(濫伐森林)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction,thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources,andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However,thisdestructioncanbeslowed,stopped,andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn)).Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved,butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic,political,andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So,whatshouldbedone?Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(不破壞生態(tài)平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests,effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed,asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions,closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor,norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.5.Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?A.Humansdestroyingthetrees.B.Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C.Lackingrenewableresources.D.Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B.Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C.Humanactivitieshavealittleeffectontropicalrainforests.D.Economicreturnscanmakesomedifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.7.Whatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?A.Indifferent.B.Concerned.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzled.8.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C.Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D.Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。EarthDayisanevent1.(annual)celebratedonApril22.2.(found)bySenatorGaylordNelson,anAmericanpoliticianandenvironmentalist,itwasoriginallyaimedathelpingthepublictoknowthecurrentsituationofairandwaterpollutionand3.(get)peopletocareabouttheearth.In1962,RachelCarsonsbest-sellingbookSilentSpringcreatedan4.(aware)ofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(農(nóng)藥).Then,afire,5.brokeoutin1969onCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater.SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof6.similarlargeeventthatwouldgetpeopletotakeenvironmentalissuesseriously.In1969,hewasinspiredbyprotestsagainsttheVietnamWarandcameupwiththeideaforEarthDay.Inthefallof1969,Nelsonannounceditandappealedtotheentirecountrytogetinvolved.Consequently,telegrams,lettersandtelephonecalls7.alloverthecountrypouredin.Since1970,EarthDaycelebrationhasgrown.Later,Nelson8.(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.Today,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldeveryApril22.SometimesnumerouscommunitiescelebrateEarthWeek,anentireweekof9.(activity)focusedontheenvironmentalissues.In2017,theMarchforScience10.(occur)onEarthDay(April22,2017)andwasfollowedbythePeoplesClimateMobilization(April29,2017).短文改錯NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,wearehaveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabouttheenvironment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththingscanberecycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogiveatalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksforsaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobearealgoodday.課時作業(yè)(二十九).A【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了一種改善植物吸收二氧化碳能力的方法。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscantkeepup.”可知,森林和海洋不能夠平衡自然是因為人類排放了過多的二氧化碳,故選B。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,增加植物吸收二氧化碳的能力和有效性是應(yīng)對氣候變化的關(guān)鍵,故選A。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.”和對本段的整體理解可推知,這項技術(shù)前途光明,故選D。4.A寫作意圖題。第一段點(diǎn)題并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知,本文主要介紹了一種通過改善植物吸收二氧化碳的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化的新技術(shù),故選A。B【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了熱帶雨林在逐漸從地球上消失,分析了其消失的原因及帶來的后果,并提出了對熱帶雨林保護(hù)的新措施。5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Deforestation(濫伐森林)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction”可知,人類對熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致了一些物種的消失,故選A。6.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.”可知,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對保護(hù)熱帶雨林有一定影響,故選D。7.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意可知,作者闡述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀,并呼吁找到拯救熱帶雨林的合理措施,故選B。8.C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第三段第二句“Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(不破壞生態(tài)平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.”以及第四段第一句“Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed”可知,該篇文章的寫作目的是呼吁找到拯救熱帶雨林的合理措施,故選C。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了“地球日”的起源及發(fā)展。1.annually考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞的詞一般為副詞,故用副詞annually修飾動詞celebrated,在句子中作狀語。2.Founded考查非謂語動詞。found和句子的謂語之間沒有連詞,且與表示被動的介詞by呼應(yīng),表示被動完成的概念,故填Founded。3.getting考查動名詞。根據(jù)語境and提示可知,此處與動名詞helping并列,故用getting作介詞at的賓語。4.awareness考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。與語境中定冠詞the和介詞of呼應(yīng)可知,此處用名詞形式。5.which考查定語從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞 afire。6.a考查冠詞。event是可數(shù)名詞,且在語境中第一次出現(xiàn),故用不定冠詞修飾。7.from考查介詞。from此處表示“來自”,符合語境。8.wasawarded考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。事情發(fā)生在過去,并且award和句子主語Nelson是被動關(guān)系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。9.activities考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)anentireweekof可知,活動是一系列的,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.occurred考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in2017且與語境wasfollowed呼應(yīng)可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時,填occurred。.NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,weare 或 haveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabout thetwenty-fifthwillhavingenvironment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairhappeningpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththingsthat/whichcanbepollutionrecycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogiveaboxesantalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.TheywillalsobebooksforTheresaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobearealgoodday.really