Period FourProject.重點單詞1voyage n航行；(尤指)航海，航天2orbit n軌道；vt.沿軌道運行，圍繞運動3desire n愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望4apply vi.申請；vt.使用，應用5candidate n候選人；申請人6survival n幸存，存活survive v生存，挺過(難關(guān))7status n地位，身份8superior n上級，上司；adj.更好的，更高的9quality n品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量10optimistic adj.樂觀的，抱樂觀看法的11indeed adv.的確，確實.重點短語1be in control (of sth.)掌管，控制(某物)2go down載入(歷史)，流傳下去3be proud of為感到驕傲4look up to敬佩5live ones dream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想.重點句式1not only.but also.不但而且They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他們不僅學習成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，而且還學習生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識。2強調(diào)句型Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of Chinas first astronaut.雖然楊利偉并非在每個單項測試中都得了最高分，但他各項心理測試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國首位宇航員的身份。.課文閱讀理解1The sentence “He had worked towards this achievement for many years.” in the first paragraph is used .Ato tell us his hard work as an astronautBto generalize the main idea of the first paragraphCas an introduction sentence to the following paragraphsDas a suggestion that hard work leads to success答案C2What do we know about Yang Liwei?AHe wasnt good at science lessons as a child.BHe became an astronaut upon graduation from flight school.CHe worked as a pilot after his graduation.DYang Liwei got the best scores in each test before the space adventure.答案C3The author mentions “Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard” (in the last paragraph) in order to show .AYang Liweis high successBYang Liwei made the greatest contributions to spaceCYuri Gagarin was the first astronaut to fly into spaceDAlan Shepard was the first astronaut to fly into space答案A4The author writes this passage in order to .Atell us the experiences as an astronautBgive us another example of an astronautCteach us how to be an astronautDshow us how Yang Liwei achieved success答案D.課文閱讀填空IntroductionThe 1.voyage took Yang Liwei 600,000 kilometres in orbit and made him Chinas first 2.astronaut in space.Yangs childhoodHe 3.desired to fly when he was a young boy.He loved science and technology from a young age.Yangs way to 4successHe 5.joined the army and became a pilot in 1987.In 1998，he 6.applied to be a member of Project 921.The 14 members spent the next five years being 7.trained.He took all kinds of tests to prove he was one of the three who were fit for the Chinese space 8adventure.His superiors were 9.optimistic that he would succeed.Results of Yangs explorationHis name will go down in history.Chinese will take 10.pride in him.Young people can regard him as an example.重點詞匯1He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.他總是懷著強烈的愿望想學習如何飛行。desire n.欲望，愿望；vt.渴望，期望，向往have a/no desire for sth./to do sth.有/沒有得到某物/做某事的愿望satisfy ones desire滿足某人的愿望desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事注意：desire后接同位語從句或賓語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should)do”。(1)He has a strong desire for power.他有強烈的權(quán)力欲望。(2)We desire to live in peace with our neighbours.我們希望與鄰居和平相處。(3)She desired her daughter to be a teacher.她希望女兒當老師。(4)We desire that you (should) plete the work within 45 days.我們希望你在45天內(nèi)完成這項工作。單項填空(5)Sometimes，while living in a foreign country，one a special dish from home.Awishes BdesiresCcooks Dbrings答案B解析句意為：有時，當一個人住在國外時，就會渴望吃到家鄉(xiāng)的特色菜。wish表示“希望，想要”，是不及物動詞；desire渴望；cook烹飪；bring帶來。根據(jù)句意選B。2In 1998，he applied to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shenzhou.1998年，他申請成為“921計劃”(現(xiàn)名“神舟計劃”)的成員。(1)apply vi.申請；vt.使用，應用apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申請某物apply sth.to sth.把應用于apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/專心于(做)某事(2)application n申請(1)She plans to apply for a job in that pany.她計劃在那個公司申請一份工作。(2)We should apply our knowledge to work.我們應該把我們的知識應用于工作中。(3)You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to studying.如果專心學習你就會通過考試。(4)His application was rejected，which made him very sad.他的申請被拒絕了，這使他很難過。(5)We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我們致力于找到解決問題的辦法。3Yang was described by his superiors as hardworking and always in control of himself.楊利偉的上司將他描述為一個勤奮刻苦、始終能夠自控的人。superior n.上級，上司；adj.更好的，更高的，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的；高傲的be superior to.比高明/高級be superior in.在方面占優(yōu)勢注意：superior本身含有比較的意味，因此無比較等級，如表示比較，后面加介詞to。(1)Your puter is far superior to mine.你的電腦比我的好多了。(2)The enemy were superior in numbers.敵人在數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢。in control of.掌管，控制in the control of.由掌握/控制under control(被)控制住，處于控制之下beyond control無法控制out of control不受控制lose control of失去對的控制(3)Only an experienced teacher could get the children under control.只有一位有經(jīng)驗的老師才能管教住這些孩子。(4)The government has lost control of the situation.政府已經(jīng)無法控制形勢了。句型轉(zhuǎn)換(5)The nurse is in control of the patient.The patient is in the control of the nurse.單項填空(6)The car was and knocked into a tree.Ain control Bout of controlCin the control Dunder control答案B解析be out of control失去控制。故選B項。4Because of these qualities，they were optimistic he would be successful.因為這些品質(zhì)，他的領(lǐng)導對于他將會成功持樂觀態(tài)度。(1)quality n質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；品德of high/good/top quality質(zhì)量高of low/bad/poor quality質(zhì)量差(2)quantity n數(shù)量(1)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are used for cooking.每天他確保新鮮蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的食用油用于烹調(diào)。(2)What matters is quality rather than quantity.重要的是質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量。(3)Our products are of high/good/top quality.我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好。(4)This product looks nice，but poor in quality.這種產(chǎn)品表面看起來很好，質(zhì)量卻很差。optimistic adj.樂觀的，樂觀主義的be optimistic(5)We should be optimistic about our future no matter what happens.不管發(fā)生什么事情，我們都應該對未來持樂觀態(tài)度。(6)The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.專家對我們的成功持樂觀態(tài)度。5The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei，and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.中國人民以楊利偉而自豪，全世界的年輕人也會把他視為努力實現(xiàn)夢想的榜樣。look up to尊敬，仰慕；仰望look up (某人的情況、生意等)好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；(低頭看某物時)抬頭往上看(from.)look sb.up(尤指在久別之后)看望；拜訪某人look sth.up查閱；檢查look down on/upon輕視；瞧不起look forward to盼望；期盼look back on回顧(1)The scientist is very great and all Chinese look up to her.這位科學家非常了不起，所有的中國人都尊敬她。(2)Be careful！Dont always look up to the sky.小心！別老是抬頭看天。(3)On my way home，I looked him up.在回家的路上，我去看望了他。(4)Im looking forward to your reply.我盼望你的回復。單項填空(5)Dont him just because he hasnt been as successful as you.Alook down on Blook down forClook up Dlook up to答案A解析句意為：不要僅僅因為他不如你成功就看不起他。look down on看不起，符合題意。live ones dream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想(live在此為“實踐，身體力行”之意)live a(n).life過著的生活live by.靠(手段、方式)生活live on.以為生；以為主食live up to遵守，實踐(諾言、原則)等；符合，不辜負(期望)(6)Now，after winning an Olympic gold medal，he has lived his dream.現(xiàn)在，他贏得了一枚奧運金牌，已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。(7)In order that my child can live a better life，I have to work more.為了讓我的孩子過得更好，我得多干點。(8)Sheep live on grass.羊以吃草為生。(9)Dont expect others to live up to their promises and you wont be disappointed.別指望別人遵守諾言，這樣你就不至于失望。經(jīng)典句式They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.他們不僅學習成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，而且還學習生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識。not only.but (also).表示“不但而且”。其用法如下：(1)語法功能：連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)名詞、代詞、動詞(短語)、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、句子等。(2)主謂一致：它連接的兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞與but (also)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(3)倒裝：not only位于句首時，其后的分句要用部分倒裝，but (also)后的分句保持不變。(1)The area was not only hit by a heavy rain，but (also) struck by a powerful earthquake.這個地區(qū)不僅遭遇了一場大雨，而且還發(fā)生了強烈的地震。(2)Not only you but (also) she has to attend the ceremony.不只是你，她也必須參加典禮。單項填空(3)Not only a writer but he was an artist for a time.Ahe is Bhe wasCis he Dwas he答案D解析not only放在句首時，其后的分句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，又由于后面用的是過去時態(tài)，前面的謂語需和后面的時態(tài)保持一致，因此選D。.單詞拼寫1His only chance of survival was a big operation.2He stood as a candidate(候選人) in the local elections.3How many satellites have been put into orbit around the earth?4Doctors have high status in most countries.5For products，quality is more important than quantity.6He has no desire(欲望) to go abroad at this time.7Im going to plain to your superior(上級)8The voyage(航海) took them three days to America.選詞填空9I think he is fit for the job.10Do you believe we are in control of our destiny?11He will go down in history as a great statesman.12They all look up to him as their leader.13Most people in that country live on rice.完成句子14這位老人一直致力于幫助無家可歸的人。The old man has been applying himself to helping the homeless.15只工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.16這是那位老師推薦的書嗎？Is this the book remended by the teacher?17我不僅認識她，還是她最好的朋友。Not only do I know her，but (also) I am her best friend.18是詹姆斯要去上海出差。It is James that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business.單項填空19The puter was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the lessons.Awas teachers energy savedBsaved was teachers energyCteachers energy was savedDwas saved teachers energy答案A解析當not only.but(also).連接兩個并列句且not only用于句首時，not only后的分句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。20You should the situation before taking action.Atake control of Bin control ofClose control of Dunder the control of答案A解析句意為：在采取行動之前你應該控制局面。此處填謂語，排除了B、D兩項；take control of控制；lose control of失去控制。根據(jù)句意選A項。21After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to American citizenship.Aconcentrate on Bapply forClook out for Dappeal to答案B解析由句意“他最后決定申請美國國籍”可知，選B項。apply for申請。22Beethoven is my favourite musician.I regard him as other musicians.Asuperior to Bmore superiorCmore superior than Dsuperior答案A解析考查superior的用法。be superior to優(yōu)于，比更好。選A。23When I my achievements，I couldnt help feeling excited.Alook back on Bcut back onCgo back on Ddate back to答案A解析句意為：當我回顧我的成就時，我禁不住感到興奮。look back on回顧，符合句意。.微寫作寫作素材(關(guān)于求職申請)1我想申請這份工作因為我渴望改變一下工作環(huán)境。2盡管我對我目前的工作很滿意，但我想挑戰(zhàn)我自己。3我開朗自信，希望我能滿足你們的要求。提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達。補全短文I want to 24.apply for the job because I 25.desire to change my working conditions.Though Im 26.content with my present job，I want to challenge myself.I am 27.outgoing and confident and I hope I can satisfy your 28.requirements.單項填空1Where did you find the wallet I lost yesterday?It was on the playground we played basketball.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案B解析句意為：你在哪里找到我昨天丟失的錢包的？正是在我們打籃球的操場上(找到的)。此處是強調(diào)句型的省略句，省略了that I found the wallet you lost yesterday，設空處引導定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語，故選B。2The reason why I like Sandy is that he can always stay and find ways to handle it in the face of trouble.Aoptimistic BoutgoingCcurious Dupset答案A解析句意為：我喜歡Sandy的原因是，在困難面前他總能保持樂觀并找到處理的辦法。optimistic樂觀的；outgoing性格外向的；curious好奇的；upset不安的。3How is everything?Everything is and the boss is very satisfied.Aunder the control Bunder controlCin control Dbeyond control答案B解析答語句意為：一切盡在掌控中，老板很滿意。under control在控制中；in control控制著，主語是sb.；beyond control無法控制。4Now a lot of new technologies can problems in industry.Abe applied to solveBbe applied to solvingCapply to solveDapply to solving答案B解析apply.to.表示“把應用到”，其中to為介詞。此題中主語a lot of new technologies與apply.to.之間為被動關(guān)系，故選B。5I cant imagine an old man over seventy succeeding in his across the Atlantic in a boat.Ajourney BtourCvoyage Dtrip答案C解析voyage指遠距離的水上旅行，符合句意。6After the traffic accident，no one except a few people who were badly injured.Asurvive BsurvivedCwas survived Dwas surviving答案B解析句意為：交通事故后，除了幾個受重傷的人外，沒有人存活下來。從句意分析可知，此處survive應表示“幸存”的意思，是不及物動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)；再根據(jù)who引導的定語從句中的were可知，應用一般過去時，故選B。7Didnt you have a good time at the party?Of course I did.As a matter of fact，I had such fun that time seemed to so quickly.Ago by Bgo awayCgo out Dgo down答案A解析這里指“事實上，我玩得太開心了，時間似乎很快就過去了”。go by流逝；go away走開；go out出去，熄滅；go down下沉，沉沒。8Of the two books，I think this one is that one.Amore superior than Bsuperior toCsuperior than Dmore superior to答案B解析句意為：在這兩本書中，我認為這本比那本更好。superior為無比較等級的形容詞，若表示比較，只需借助介詞to即可。be superior to比好，比高明，優(yōu)于。9Not only but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.Amothers are not paidBmothers are paidCare mothers not paidDare mothers paid答案C解析not only位于句首，其后分句用部分倒裝，排除A、B兩項，由句意“母親們不僅得不到報酬而且她們乏味而困難的工作大多得不到關(guān)注”，故選C項。10The young should the old and shouldnt those who are disabled.Alook up on；look down onBlook up to；look down onClook up on；look down toDlook up to；look down to答案B解析句意為：年輕人應尊敬老人，不應歧視殘疾人。look up to尊敬，向上看；look down on瞧不起，向下看。.閱讀理解A(2018南京師大附中高一上檢測)Teenagers have a new shape these days.They are about 20 pounds heavier than they were 60 years ago.They are about four inches taller，too.These facts e from JM.Tanner，a professor in England.JM.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the world.He has also studied peoples growth records of the past 100 years.“Kids today are bigger than ever before，” he says.“Todays nineyearolds look like elevenyearolds back in 1900.”According to Tanner，adults also are taller than ever before.But the biggest change can be seen in young people.Thats because boys used to keep on growing until they reached age 26.But today they stop growing at 18 or 19.Most girls stop growing even earlier.So todays teenagers are bigger than 26yearolds of 60 years ago.What is causing this change？Professor Tanner says its proper food.A good diet alone cannot make you grow beyond your natural limits.Your final height is partly caused by the height of your parents and grandparents.But eating proper food can help you reach your final heightand reach it early in life.Will people keep on getting bigger？Will we have a race of giants？NOat least not if the US is an example.Tanner says that we have eaten proper food for years，and our growth rate has already begun to level off.語篇解讀根據(jù)英國一位教授的研究結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在青少年的體形變了，他們的身高和體重比60年前的青少年都增加了很多。原因是現(xiàn)在的飲食水平提高了。11This article is mainly about .Athe improvement of teenagers tastesBthe improvement of teenagers dietCthe change of teenagers behaviorDthe change of teenagers shape答案D解析主旨大意題。本文在第一段點出主題：Teenagers have a new shape these days。下文具體介紹了青少年的體形變化及其原因。故選D。12The statement that proves that teenagers have a new shape these days is that .AJ.M.Tanner has been measuring people from all over the worldBaccording to Tanner，adults are also taller than ever beforeCteenagers are heavier and taller than they were 60 years agoDthey stop growing at 18 or 19答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。A項僅指出了研究對象，并不能證明題干觀點，故排除A項；題干是關(guān)于青少年體形變化的，故排除B項；根據(jù)文中第四段可知D項沒有切中要點，故排除；根據(jù)文中的首段第二句和第四段前兩句可知，C項全面地證明了青少年的體形新變化。B(2018南京高一上期末)For many people，moths are swarming，dustcolored pests that eat our clothes and disturb us by flying around lights after dark.Not for artist Joseph Scheer.The images he creates bring out the beauty of moths，with colors，shapes，and patterns that have never been seen so clearly before.“Digital tools let you see things youd never see just looking with your eyes，” Scheer says.Scheers images have been displayed around the world，and one reaction is heard everywhere：“People insist，No，that cant be a moth，” says Scheer.One Swiss viewer credited the insects lovely variety to his exotic American origin.“We dont have such nice moths in our country，” he declared.In fact，every country has moths that can amaze.The process began with a moth hunt in the state of New York.Scheer would leave the lights on and the windows open overnight at his university office，then collect the moths that had flown in when he returned in the morning.When the building cleaners at the university plained，he moved the hunt to his friend Mark Klingensmiths yard.“Marks a gardener with lots of stuff growing on his property，” Scheer says.“Moths like it.” They set up two lights shining over a plastic container on a white sheet.Then they watched，surprised，as moths appeared from the darkness，flew carelessly into the sheet，and fell into the plastic container.“We got a different species every night that first season，” Scheer says.“The patterns and colors were overwhelming.”Using a powerful scanner designed for camera film，they were able to capture detailed pictures of moths.Small moths present special challenges.“One twitch of the finger and there goes a wing，” says Scheer.“I try to drink less coffee when Im working on them.”The scanner records so much information that a single moth can take 20 minutes to scan.A scan of just two small moths fills an entire CD.All that information means the size of the image can be increased 2,700 percent but still retain all the details and appear perfectly clear.Youd need a microscope to see the details shown in Scheers prints.Scheers work is not only a new form of art.He can also be congratulated for making a valuable contribution to the record of moths where he lives.He has helped identify more than a thousand different species.“Not from Alaska or the Amazon，” Klingensmith says.“All from one backyard.”13What do people mean by saying “No，that cant be a moth”？AThe images are not those of moths.BThe moths can only be found in American.CThe images seem too beautiful to be moths.DThe moths cant be found everywhere.答案C解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The images he creates bring out the beauty of moths，with colors，shapes，and patterns that have never been seen so clearly before.”可知，飛蛾變得美麗，顛覆了人們以往的認知，所以是不敢相信飛蛾會那么美麗。故選C。14It can be inferred that Scheer tried to drink less coffee when he was arranging moths on a scanner in order to .Akeep his eyes focusedBkeep his fingers twitchedCkeep his hands stillDkeep his mind clear答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“One twitch of the finger and there goes a wing，says Scheer.I try to drink less coffee when Im working on them.”可知，他這樣做是為了防止手顫動，保持手不動。故選C。15The underlined word “overwhelming” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”Ainteresting BamazingCconfusing Ddiscouraging答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文對飛蛾的贊美，可以排除C、D兩項；此處表示對飛蛾形狀和顏色的贊嘆。故選B。16The images keep all the details even when increased 2,700 percent because .Athere is a great deal of information on the CDBthe moths have very bright colors and clear patternsChigh quality paint is used to create imagesDa microscope is used to examine the details of images答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The scanner records so much information that a single moth can take 20 minutes to scan.A scan of just two small moths fills an entire CD.”可知，CD中有非常多的信息。故選A。