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1、人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料（精修版） Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Ⅰ)　動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般使用被動(dòng)式。 一、動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式的構(gòu)成和意義 構(gòu)成 意義 一般式 to be done 表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作 完成式 to have been done 表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作 The next thing to be done is to carry away the eart

2、h. 下一步要做的事是把土運(yùn)走。 No harm seems to have been done to them. 對(duì)他們似乎并沒(méi)有造成損害。 　1 ①(山東高考改編)George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him. ②(湖南高考改編)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success. 二、動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式的用法

3、(1)作主語(yǔ) It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer. 能被選上做志愿者，真是一件榮幸的事情。 (2)作表語(yǔ) The task is to be finished by next month. 這項(xiàng)工作要在下個(gè)月才能完成。 (3)作賓語(yǔ) The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again. 那男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會(huì)。 (4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room. 他吩咐把行李搬進(jìn)他的房間。

4、(5)作定語(yǔ) He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting. 他是最后一個(gè)在會(huì)上被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。 (6)作狀語(yǔ) He drove to the airport in a hurry, only to be informed that the plane had taken off. 他匆忙驅(qū)車(chē)趕往機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果被告知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。 　2 ①(北京高考改編)It's important for the figures to_be_updated (update) regularly. ②(北京高考改編)There a

5、re still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ③(四川高考改編)The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. ④(重慶高考改編)We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to_be_made (make) at the meeting will influen

6、ce the future of our company. ⑤(浙江高考改編)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to_be_cheered (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters. 三、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu) (1)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 I have a lot of things to do this

7、afternoon. 今天下午我有許多事情要做。(to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。) I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post? 我要去郵局。你有信要寄嗎？(post與主語(yǔ)you之間不存在主謂關(guān)系，只和前面letter構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。) (2)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pl

8、easant, interesting等。 This problem is difficult to solve. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。 (3)在too ... to ...; enough ... to ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 這本書(shū)太貴，我買(mǎi)不起。 (4)在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式，重點(diǎn)在人；用被動(dòng)形式，重點(diǎn)在物。 There is no time to lose (to be lost)．(用to los

9、e可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost，重點(diǎn)在時(shí)間。) 沒(méi)有時(shí)間去浪費(fèi)。 (5)be to blame用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 誰(shuí)應(yīng)為引發(fā)火災(zāi)負(fù)責(zé)？ 　3 ①(福建高考改編)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to_hold (hold)． ②(安徽高考改編)Tom asked the candy makers if th

10、ey could make the chocolate easier to_break (break) into small pieces. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．It's a great honour to_be_invited (invite) to attend your wedding party. 2．The next thing to_be_done (do) is to clean the classroom. 3．The novel is said to_have_been_translated (translate) into English. 4.

11、I find the problem is very difficult to_solve (solve)． 5．The teacher left us a lot of homework to_do (do)． 6．“Are there any more clothes to_be_washed (wash)？” asked mum. 7．The little boy should love to_be_taken (take) to visit the Great Wall. 8．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the stud

12、ents, but it remains to_be_seen (see) whether they will enjoy it. 9．The emperor ordered the magic cloth to_be_woven (weave) for him right away. 10．His father left the small village, never to_be_seen (see) again. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．It is very terrible to_be_laughed_at (被人嘲笑) in public. 2．He expected to_be

13、_invited_to_the_party (能被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì))． 3．The book is said to_have_been_translated_into_English (已譯成了英語(yǔ))． 4．I'm going back to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to_be_taken_home (要我?guī)Щ丶?? 5．Are you going to the meeting to_be_held_this_afternoon (今天下午舉行的)? 6．It is an honor for me to_be_invited_to_sp

14、eak_here (被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒講話)． 想象類(lèi)作文 電影《哈利·波特》受到人們的普遍歡迎，創(chuàng)造了很高的票房紀(jì)錄，成為電影業(yè)的奇跡，全世界的孩子都為哈利·波特的魔力著迷。現(xiàn)在假設(shè)你是哈利·波特，你將怎樣用你的魔法解決以下問(wèn)題？ 1．殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)； 2．瀕危動(dòng)物； 3．環(huán)境污染。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，注意行文連貫。 I am Harry Potter, a boy with magical powers. ①I(mǎi) regard myself as a guard of the earth. ②To create a peacefu

15、l and friendly world for human beings is my duty. ③First of all, I will make use of my magic to bring all the cruel wars to an end. ④Let all the people no longer suffer from the wounds and death caused by wars. ⑤Let peace ring at every corner of the world. ⑥In addition, I will raise people's awar

16、eness of saving endangered animals. ⑦As long as we learn to protect animals, we will understand how to give our love to others. ⑧Finally, I will rely on my magic to solve the environmental pollution. ⑨The earth is the only home of us human beings. ⑩Only by making great efforts can we make the earth

17、 a better place to live in. Please join me in this action. Let's work together to build a bright future！, 本文分五段。第一段作簡(jiǎn)單自我介紹；第二、三、四段為文章主體部分，根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要求，敘述細(xì)節(jié)；第五段為結(jié)尾部分，號(hào)召人們加入自己的行動(dòng)，共創(chuàng)美好的未來(lái)。 亮點(diǎn)一：句③⑥⑧使用了First of all, In addition, Finally等過(guò)渡詞，使行文脈絡(luò)清晰，過(guò)渡自然。 亮點(diǎn)二：句①②③④⑤⑥⑧使用了regard ... as ..., create, bring

18、... to an end, suffer from, ring, raise people's awareness, rely on等高級(jí)詞匯，彰顯了作者扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底。 亮點(diǎn)三：句⑦⑩狀語(yǔ)從句和倒裝句的應(yīng)用體現(xiàn)了作者具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言駕馭能力。 如何寫(xiě)想象類(lèi)作文 想象類(lèi)作文在高考中的命題方式多是給出簡(jiǎn)單要點(diǎn)或圖表等，并要求學(xué)生在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理想象。因此此類(lèi)文章的寫(xiě)作屬于半開(kāi)放式、創(chuàng)造性的寫(xiě)作。半開(kāi)放式作文也是近幾年高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。 1．寫(xiě)作步驟 首先，要從實(shí)際生活出發(fā)，借助已有的知識(shí)，展開(kāi)合理的、豐富的想象。其次，內(nèi)容要具體，根據(jù)題目的要求和提示，圍繞主題想象相關(guān)的材料

19、，材料越豐富充實(shí)，文章才會(huì)越生動(dòng)，切忌說(shuō)空話。 2．注意事項(xiàng) 寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)及人稱(chēng)的合理運(yùn)用，還應(yīng)注意表達(dá)方式的多樣性和內(nèi)容安排的層次性。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意角色的換位，即改變一個(gè)人的身份，使其變成另外一種身份，突破現(xiàn)實(shí)與環(huán)境的局限，自由通暢地來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法。使用一些較高級(jí)詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式或表達(dá)。 1．With the development of ..., people have to/our life will be ... 2．In the future, ... are sure to become ... 3．At that time people will have .

20、.. 4．To solve this problem, scientists have/will ... 5．Moreover, scientists will ... 6．Considering that ... people will ... 7．According to ... needs, it can ... 8．In addition/Besides, it can also ... 社會(huì)發(fā)展到了2030年，照顧老年人成了一個(gè)突出的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。你公司順應(yīng)社會(huì)需求適時(shí)推出了家用機(jī)器人。該機(jī)器人的主要功能有： 1．可以在固定的時(shí)間做飯，做飯時(shí)間可以根據(jù)個(gè)人需要進(jìn)行調(diào)整；

21、 2．可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做運(yùn)動(dòng)等； 3．及時(shí)處理突發(fā)事件，例如在老人突然病倒時(shí)及時(shí)撥打呼救電話等。 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一份發(fā)言稿，在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上向大家推薦你公司的這一新產(chǎn)品。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫； 3．短文開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：突出的；顯著的prominent Ladies and gentlemen， Thank you for attending our company's news conference. As you know, _____________ ______________________

22、__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Ladies and gentleme

23、n， Thank you for attending our company's news conference. As you know, with the development of society, people have to face various pressures. They don't have enough time to attend to old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem. To solve this problem，our company put out

24、 the household robot designed to take care of the old people. It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. Besides, it can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, the robot will call doctors for help. All in all, it would be a great help for you if you own such a robot. Thank you.