第二板塊 第二部分 第3講小題夯基練1Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收銀臺(tái))The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument；many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plastic­bag use it cancels out.However，longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute(質(zhì)疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.Q：What is the best title for the text?APlastic，Paper or NeitherBIndustry，Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw AwayDGarbage Collection and Waste Control解析：A根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了塑料袋和可重復(fù)使用紙袋的利弊。故選A。2The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three­day event is not fixed to the same dates each year，but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists，but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies，after the official greetings from the government leaders，people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands，and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another，groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand，a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair：their long，dark，shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.Q：This passage mainly tells readers _.Awhat happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalBhow people celebrate during the three­day Sahara FestivalCwhat takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalDhow animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival解析：A從文中第二段第一句話“During the opening ceremonies，”可以看出，本文主要是介紹“撒哈拉節(jié)”開幕式上的活動(dòng)。故選A。3Handshaking，though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed(無(wú)武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let's shake (hands)on it”sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet？No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.Even if，for politeness，he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand，just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(誤解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward，while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.Q：The first paragraph mainly tells us _.Awhere handshaking was first practisedBhow handshaking came aboutCabout the relationship between handshaking and tradeDabout the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China解析：B在文章第一段說(shuō)明了握手的來(lái)歷。實(shí)際上也就是談?wù)撐帐质窃鯓赢a(chǎn)生的。故選B。大題提能練A(2020·石家莊市高三模擬一)A new“Magic Bench” designed by Disney Research lets you interact(互動(dòng))with lovely animated(動(dòng)畫的)charactersand no special glasses or earphones are required.Instead，the complete environmentthe seat，the sitter and the cartoon charactersis mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold.How does the illusion work？A camera and sensor catch images and gather depth information about physical objectsthe bench and the person.And then a computer translates them into the 3D animations.Meanwhile sensors of touch built into the bench deliver shaking that is happening at the same time and speed to animated actions on the screen，creating the illusion that the animated figures are occupying real­world space next to the user.“Our goal for this project was：hear characters coming，see them enter the space，and feel them sit next to you，”said Moshe Mahler，principal digital artist at Disney Research.Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion，the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(擴(kuò)充實(shí)境)experience，all at the same time.In a video show，a small cartoon donkey runs into view and kicks the bench，causing a sharp sound and making the seated person jump in surprise.Another test shows two people on the bench，reacting as they“feel” an animated rabbit skip up beside them and jump up and down.When a user passes his hand over the rabbit，a shadow moves across its head，as though it were occupying the same physical space as the person next to it.語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了迪斯尼公司設(shè)計(jì)的“Magic Bench”，它能使觀眾與卡通人物互動(dòng)，該互動(dòng)通過(guò)將座位、模特和卡通人物映在長(zhǎng)椅對(duì)面的屏幕上，讓觀眾更加身臨其境。1What does the Magic Bench need to work properly?ASpecial glasses.BEarphones.CA mirror.DA screen.解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Instead，the complete environmentthe seat，the sitter and the cartoon charactersis mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold”可知，屏幕是該互動(dòng)技術(shù)所需要的，故D項(xiàng)正確。2What does the underlined word“illusion”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe shaking that is happening.BThe 3D animations on the screen.CThe figures about physical objects.DThe interaction with animated figures.解析：D考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句中“l(fā)ets you interact(互動(dòng))with lovely animated(動(dòng)畫的)characters”可知，這種方式讓觀眾和可愛的動(dòng)畫人物互動(dòng)；結(jié)合第二段第一句“How does the illusion work？”可知，該句提問(wèn)這種和動(dòng)畫人物互動(dòng)的技術(shù)是如何運(yùn)作的，由此可推知，畫線詞是指“和動(dòng)畫人物的互動(dòng)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。3How is the Magic Bench different from the traditional technology?AIts fantasy can be seen only by a single user.BIt is designed to create more animated characters.CIt allows many people to experience the fantasy together.DIts user and the animated character occupy the same space.解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion，the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(擴(kuò)充實(shí)境)experience，all at the same time”可知，與傳統(tǒng)移動(dòng)技術(shù)不同的是，傳統(tǒng)移動(dòng)技術(shù)的限制之一是只有一個(gè)用戶可以看到這種互動(dòng)，而Magic Bench允許一群人聚集在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的環(huán)境中集體同時(shí)參與互動(dòng)體驗(yàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。4Which is the best title of the text?AMagic Bench Puts You in the PictureBAudiences Become Cartoon CharactersCEntertainment Industry Enters a New StageDDisney's Cartoon Figures Come into Reality解析：A考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了迪斯尼公司設(shè)計(jì)的能使觀眾與卡通人物互動(dòng)的“Magic Bench”，該互動(dòng)通過(guò)將座位、模特和卡通人物映在長(zhǎng)椅對(duì)面的屏幕上，讓觀眾更加身臨其境。故A項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。B(2020·昆明市高三質(zhì)檢)Five­year­old Prisilla Perez，a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis，was unhappy with her recent haircut，which resulted from a severe disease.When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school.Her teacher，Shannon Grimm，sympathized with her unhappiness.Grimm and Prisilla's mom were concerned，but their ideas didn't work.“We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair，and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，”Grimm said.“However，it wasn't sinking in.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break，and one morning，she had an idea：Cut off her haira scary thought for Grimm，who wore her hair long and took pride in it.“I've never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，”she said.On Jan.4，Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home.“I told him to keep going，even if I cried，”she said.The class loved their teacher's new do，especially Prisilla，who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling，“Mom，Ms.Grimm cut her hair！”The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl，so they could style their hair together.In February，the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district's Student of the Month Award，but during the Monday ceremony，she received a surprise“hero medal”from the girl.“Now we have matching awards，”says Grimm.Prisilla's mother，Maria，said that Grimm's thoughtfulness brought her to tears.“I was shocked.I was crying.I couldn't believe itshe did something I wouldn't have the bravery to do.I will never forget that.”語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Grimm老師剪短頭發(fā)以幫助學(xué)生Prisilla的故事。5Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasn't satisfied with her teacher.BShe couldn't concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldn't get on well with others.解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school”可知，Prisilla在學(xué)校不開心是因?yàn)樗煌瑢W(xué)嘲笑。6What made Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevotion to her students.CRequest of Prisilla's mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla.she had an idea：Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因?yàn)槭嵌填^發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，為了安慰Prisilla，Grimm 老師決定把自己的頭發(fā)剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老師出于對(duì)學(xué)生的關(guān)愛才剪短了頭發(fā)。7What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“I've never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm 老師剪短頭發(fā)之前很猶豫。8What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm got her new hairstyle.解析：A考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，Prisilla因?yàn)槭嵌填^發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，她在學(xué)校很不開心，Grimm老師為了幫助、安慰她剪短了自已的頭發(fā)，故A項(xiàng)正確。CIn the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn't tell how much they'd had；those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiserthey didn't feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast­food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)When classical，rather than pop music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(熏衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad”tables，crowding，high pricesdon't necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not“be overly concerned aboutbadtables，”given that they're profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要通過(guò)引入現(xiàn)代餐館的鼻祖馬蒂蘭·羅茲制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)者對(duì)于餐館的研究來(lái)介紹現(xiàn)代餐館在經(jīng)營(yíng)中影響食客消費(fèi)的幾個(gè)要素：視覺(jué)要素(餐具、燈光)、聽覺(jué)要素(音樂(lè))、嗅覺(jué)要素(氣味)、其他要素(桌位、擁擠程度和價(jià)格)。本文旨在通過(guò)現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，讓考生了解西方現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營(yíng)之道。9The underlined phrase“none the wiser”in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _.Anot aware of eating more than usualBnot willing to share food with othersCnot conscious of the food qualityDnot fond of the food provided解析：A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“.those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiserthey didn't fell fuller.”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒(méi)覺(jué)得更飽，這說(shuō)明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此處的none the wiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故選A項(xiàng)。10How could a fine dining shop make more profit?APlaying classical music.BIntroducing lemon scent.CMaking the light brighter.DUsing plates of larger size.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“when classical，rather than pop music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，當(dāng)演奏古典音樂(lè)而不是流行音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，食客們會(huì)花更多的錢。spent more 就是對(duì)題干中make more profit的語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A項(xiàng)。11What does the last paragraph talk about?ATips to attract more customers.BProblems restaurants are faced with.CWays to improve restaurants' reputation.DCommon misunderstandings about restaurants.解析：D段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段首句中的“things that you might expect to discourage spendingbadtables，crowding，high pricesdon't necessarily”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高未必如此(指在某些人看來(lái)，這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見觀點(diǎn)是一種誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。