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考點11 完成時 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一、 現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + 助動詞have(has) + 動詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑問句：have/has提前 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法： （1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是這個結(jié)果或影響，常與yet，already，just，before，lately等時間狀語連用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎？ —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了。） I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。（這些照片已不在我這里了。）have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的區(qū)別 1. have (has) gone to表示＂已經(jīng)去某地了＂，不能與for+一段時間連用。 She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。） 2. have (has) been to表示＂曾經(jīng)去過某地＂，不能與for+一段時間連用。 She has been to Shanghai three times.（她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。） 3. have (has) been in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常與時間段搭配，指待了很久。 （2）過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認識李雷已經(jīng)三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。 She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學(xué)校，她就教我。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時多與下列時間狀語連用： （1）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果＂的時間狀語有： already 用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末。 yet 用在疑問句中意為＂已經(jīng)＂，用在否定句中表示＂還＂，常放在句末。 ever 意為＂曾經(jīng)＂，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 never 意為＂從來都沒有＂，常和before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 before 意為＂以前＂，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 （2）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在＂的時間狀語有： for + 時間段 for two years since + 時間點 since 2008 since then since he came here so far 目前；迄今為止 up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在 all the time 總是；一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近幾天 by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過去的幾個天/月/年中 （3）在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （4）非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. （5）since與for用法比較 用法 例句 since 用來說明動作起始時間 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這里。 My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個小診所工作。 for 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的常用固定句型 （1）That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 這是這個男生第三次遲到了。 （2）＂That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級 + 名詞 + （that）從句＂中，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。 （3）在＂It is/has been + 一段時間 + since ... ＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用一般過去時。 It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。 It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3個月了。 （4）一段時間+ 完成時結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 Two years has passed since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。 誤區(qū)提醒 （1）并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作） I have worked here for many years. （現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作） （2）短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞用于完成時的區(qū)別： 延續(xù)性動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 短暫性動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 He has pleted the work. （表結(jié)果） I’’ve known him since then.（表經(jīng)歷） （3）短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)性動詞用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暫性動詞用于否定句，表示＂到……才……＂ He didn’’t e back until ten o’’clock. 直到十點鐘他才回來。 He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十點鐘。 【疑難辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。 而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。 I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。） I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況） 1.（2018北京卷單項填空）China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，中國的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9,000公里增長到25,000公里。該句時間狀語為in the past few years。中國高速鐵路的增長是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況，故該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。B選項正確。 2.（2016北京卷單項填空）I ____________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 【答案】 B 3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making 【答案】A 考向二、 過去完成時 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語 + had + 過去分詞 + 其他. 否定句：主語 + had + not + 過去分詞 + 其他. 一般疑問句：Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他? 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組 + 一般疑問句（Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他）？ 2. 基本用法 （1）表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即＂過去的過去＂?？梢杂胋y，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句(在復(fù)合句中，由時間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句)來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。 　　By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。 （2）表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for，since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。 　　I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時候，我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。 　　He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。 （3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過去完成時。 Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 　　I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對動詞一無所知，因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5）過去完成時常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。 　　I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 　　如when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引導(dǎo)的從句。 When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來時雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 　　注意：如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因為這時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。 After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。 （7）動詞think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。 　　They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。 　　We had hoped to be able to e and see you. 我們本來希望能來看看你。 （8）過去完成時還可用在hardly...when...，no sooner... than...，It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 　　It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 3. 過去完成時的語法判定 （1）由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： ①by + 過去的時間點 　　I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night. ②by the end of + 過去的時間點 　　We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ③before + 過去的時間點 　　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （2）由＂過去的過去＂來判定 過去完成時表示＂過去的過去＂，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： ①賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。如told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 　?、跔钫Z從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before，after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。 　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 　?、郾硎疽庀虻膭釉~，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示＂原本……，未能……＂。 　　We had hoped that you would e, but you didn’t. （3）根據(jù)上、下文來判定 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing. 【巧學(xué)妙記】 過去完成時記憶口訣 Had 加上＂過去分＂，構(gòu)成過去完成時。 過去完成的意義，也表＂完成＂或＂延續(xù)＂。 若有主、從兩個句，先后動作分別敘。 哪個在先哪＂完成＂，哪個在后哪＂過去＂。 1. （2018天津卷單項填空） If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch 【答案】A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時間狀語yesterday可知，從句表示與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。 2.（2017北京卷單項填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 3.(2016浙江卷單項填空)Silk __________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A. had bee B. was being C. has bee D.is being 【答案】A 【解析】句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。時間狀語是by+過去時間，謂語用過去完成時。故選A。 考向二、將來完成時 1. 將來完成時的構(gòu)成：＂will/shall + have + 過去分詞＂。 Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。 Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時間后，你的錢就會增多 94,000 美元。 He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他會為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。 2. 將來完成的用法 （1）表示＂將來完成＂：即表示到將來某個時間為止勢必會完成或預(yù)計要完成的動作。 When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我們到那里時她會已經(jīng)上班去了。 I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會改變主意了。 （2）表示＂持續(xù)＂：即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時間。 We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。 By this time next week, I will have been working for this pany for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。 （3）表示＂推測：即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測。 That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準是羅蘭。他說他7點鐘回來。 There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定會有結(jié)果。 1.（2018江蘇卷單項填空） Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother, forwe _______ more convenient electronic municationtoolsbythen. A. have developed B. haddeveloped C. willhavedeveloped D. developed 【答案】C 1.It’s reported that by the end of the month, the output of cement in the factory___________by about 10%. A.will have risen B.will be rising C.has risen D.has been rising 【答案】A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。由時間狀語"by the end of the month"可知此處表示在將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作，因此用將來完成時。 2.You needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time you are ready. A.will have been finishing B.has finished C.will have been finished D.will be finished 【答案】C 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項填空 1. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 2. Nowadays a strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: should you help an elderly person who ____________ into the street? A. is falling B. has fallen C. had fallen D. was falling 3. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann house? —Not really. She________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily? A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ________ my bank in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving 5. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 6. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I ________my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 7. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he ____________ some serious mistakes. A. made B. had made C. has been making D. has made 8. James left his hometown when he was 16, and he ____________ back there since. A. wouldn’t be B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. won’t be 9. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew came to the shores of the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they ____________ in Southeast Asia. A. arrived B. had arrived C. has arrived D. would arrive 10. Since late 2013 when the Chinese government relaxed the family planning policy, only 1.5 million couples ____________ to have a second child. A. applied B. had applied C. would apply D. have applied 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號中單詞的正確形式 Is there such a thing as being ＂over-protective＂? I can honestly say that my answer to that question 1 (change) dramatically（戲劇性地）since I became a parent. Before the birth of my daughter, I taught at 2 private school, often viewing my students as over-protected, worrying 3 would happen when they went on to middle schools. Some did fine, and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back, words of 4 (encourage) and extra support, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, needing little or no interaction（互動）with their teacher. 6 for the most part, graduates would go on for higher schooling. I’d always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that still walked their 7 (five) graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate. Admittedly, I laughed at those parents, 8 (think) their children would never learn to be 9 (independence) if they didn’t let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her little face, I 10 (know) I’d do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe! 題組三 體驗真題 1.（2018江蘇卷單項填空） Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_______ inthepast two years. A. hadbeencarriedout B. would be carried out C. isbeingcarriedout D. has been carried out 2. （2018北京卷單項填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 3.(2018新課標卷I語法填空) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. 4. (2018浙江卷語法填空) While regularly eating out seems to 61 (bee) mon for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. 5.（2017新課標II卷改編）Around 100 people _________（put down） a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. 6. （2017新課標II卷改編）It _________(white-paint)tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 7. （2017新課標III卷改編）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University _________(turn) an electric car into a mobile laboratory named ＂DriveLAB＂ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 8.(2016天津卷單項填空) When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 9.(2015重慶卷單項填空) In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_________ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項填空 1.B 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時?！翱葱≌f”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時，故選B。 2. B 【解析】句意：如今中國行人面臨著一種奇怪的、新的困境：該不該幫助摔倒在馬路上的老人？此處指已經(jīng)摔倒在地的老人，強調(diào)完成，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。 4.B 【解析】句意：我剛一到學(xué)校門口，就意識到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that，這里是一個賓語從句，從句時態(tài)與主句保持一致，“落下”的動作發(fā)生在“意識到”之前，應(yīng)該用過去完成時，故選B。 5.C 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：那些報告于2012年丟失了，從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since，此處意為：從那以后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志。故選C。 6.A 【解析】本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。題干中的but提示：“我”第一次見到布萊恩的時候不喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在喜歡他。故用現(xiàn)在完成時，選A。句意：當(dāng)我第一次見布萊恩的時候我不喜歡他，但我改變想法了。 7. B 【解析】句意：曾經(jīng)被報道為金融之神的艾倫格林斯潘不得不承認他之前也犯過一些嚴重的錯誤。該空動作發(fā)生在主句動作＂had to admit＂之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故選B項。 8. B 【解析】句意：詹姆斯在16歲時離開了家鄉(xiāng)，自從那時他就沒有回來過。A. wouldn’t be 過去將來時；B. hasn’t been現(xiàn)在完成時；C. hadn’t been 過去完成時；D. won’t be 一般將來時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志。故選B。 9. B 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：在1492年10月12的早上，克里斯多弗﹒哥倫布和他的船員來到加勒比海岸，誤認為他們已經(jīng)到達了東南亞。強調(diào)到達的動作的完成所產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果＂mistakenly believing（誤認為）＂，且arrive發(fā)生在過去的過去，要用過去完成時，故選B。 10. D 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。自從2013年底中國政府放松了計劃生育政策，只有150萬夫婦已經(jīng)申請了二孩。since自從……以來，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選D。 題組二 能力提升 【文章大意】作者一直都認為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都被父母過度保護，但是在自己的女兒出生以后，他的觀點發(fā)生了變化，他愿意做一切自己能做的來保護孩子。 1.has changed 【解析】考查時態(tài)。本句的時間狀語since I became a parent，而since引導(dǎo)時間狀語時，主語應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填has changed。 2. a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：在女兒出生之前，我在一所私立學(xué)校教書。本句中名詞school（學(xué)校）是一個可數(shù)名詞，前面加a表示泛指。 3. what 【解析】考查賓語從句。本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句＂what would happen＂作動詞worry的賓語，并在句中作主語。 4. encouragement 【解析】考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞of，說明橫線上應(yīng)該使用名詞作賓語，動詞encourage的名詞是encouragement。 7. fifth 【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。本句中the fifth graders指五年級的學(xué)生。很多父母親還陪著五年級的學(xué)生上學(xué)。 8. thinking 【解析】考查分詞作狀語。本句中動詞think與句子主語I之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認為他們的孩子永遠都無法學(xué)會獨立。 9. independent 【解析】考查形容詞。本句中形容詞independent與be連用構(gòu)成不定式作動詞learn的賓語。句意：我嘲笑那些父母親，認為他們的孩子永遠都無法學(xué)會獨立。 10. knew 【解析】考查時態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是the moment I looked at her little face，敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以主句中使用一般過時。 題組三 體驗真題 1.A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語last month和in the past two years可知用過去完成時。故選A。 2. D 3.has grown 【解析】考查時態(tài)。since加時間點，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 4. have bee 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，seems to后用動詞原形，故填have bee。 5.【答案】have already put down 【解析】此處表示動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。 6.【答案】had white-painted 【解析】此處表示動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，故用過去完成時。 7.【答案】have turned 【解析】此處表示動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。 8.C 【解析】句意：當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時候，我遇見了多年未見的David。根據(jù)語境，“not see”這個動作發(fā)生在e across之前，是過去的過去發(fā)生的動作，用過去完成時。故選C。 9.D 【解析】句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，麥子豐收過后農(nóng)民會有一個慶祝晚餐?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已經(jīng)完成，才會舉行慶?；顒樱蔬xD項。