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經(jīng)常考查的并列句和三大從句 第一組 Ⅰ. 語法填空 (2018湖北八校高三第一次聯(lián)考) China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette(禮儀)”. According to historical documents，as early as 2,600 years ago，this nation has already established a thorough set __1. of__ dining etiquette. A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man __2. to have__ (have) a drink in a bar Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup，he held __3. it__ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders， __4. saying__ (say) ’qing (please)’. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink， __5. but__ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip(一小口)，he __6. ate__ ( eat ) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese __7. coins__ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality. . . ” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person __8. that__ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt __9. seriously__ (serious) with； the __10. more important__ (important) the occasion，the more plex the procedures were. 文章大意：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述一位俄羅斯作家招待一個中國人的經(jīng)過，描述了中國人的就餐禮儀。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配。根據(jù)歷史文獻記載，早在2 600年前，這個國家就已經(jīng)建立了一套完整的就餐禮儀。a set of為固定搭配，意為“一套，一系列”。 ?　解析：考查動詞不定式。19世紀時一位名叫Anton Chekhov的俄羅斯作家邀請一個中國人去酒吧喝酒。invite sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意為“邀請某人做某事”，故用動詞不定式to have。 ?　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)該句中的“Before drinking from his cup，he held __3__ with his hands”可知，空處指代該句中的“cup”，故用it。在喝酒之前，他手舉著杯子，向“我”和酒吧老板及酒吧服務員說“請”。 ?　解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。該句主語為he，和動詞say之間為邏輯上的主謂關系；空處和謂語動詞held和presented之間為伴隨關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 ?　解析：考查連詞?？涨氨硎舅麄儾幌裎覀兡菢右豢诤认拢蘸蟊硎舅麄兏矚g一次喝一小口；根據(jù)上下文可知，空處前后為轉折關系，故用轉折連詞but。 ?　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該段第一句中的“A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man”可知，該處敘述的是19世紀發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。 ?　解析：考查名詞的復數(shù)形式。coin為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該句中的“some”可知，空處用其復數(shù)形式。此處表示此后，他遞給“我”一些中國硬幣以表示感激。 ?　解析：考查定語從句。分析該句結構可知，該句為定語從句，句中的opinion of a Chinese person為先行詞，該先行詞被最高級the most valuable修飾，且在從句中作主語，故用that引導該定語從句。 ?　解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)空處前的動詞dealt可知，空處修飾該動詞，故用副詞形式。 　解析：考查形容詞的比較級。此處表示場合越重要，則禮儀就越復雜。該句使用了“the＋比較級…，the＋比較級. . . ”，表示“越……，越……”。 Ⅱ. 短文改錯 (2018惠州市高三第二次調研考試試卷) Not long ago，I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang，which aroused a heating discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father in a very early age，he was brought up by her mother. Despite of serious illness，he overcame all difficulties and was admit to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsinghua to apply for a separate room，where his mother could take care of him in the next four year. In the reply，the school promise to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university which attracts the public’s attention. From Wei’s story，I learned that hard work would final pay off. 答案： Not long ago, I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang, which aroused a discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father a very early age, he was brought up by mother. Despite of serious illness, he overcame all difficulties and was to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsinghua to apply for a separate room, where his mother could take care of him in the next four . In the reply, the school to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university attracts the public’s attention. From Wei’s story, I learned that hard work would pay off. ?　解析：heating改為heated?？疾樾稳菰~。那引起了一場激烈的討論。故heated“激烈的”符合語境。 ?　解析：in改為at?？疾榻樵~。at a very early age“在很小的年紀”為固定搭配。 ?　解析：her改為his?？疾榇~。根據(jù)上文可知Wei Xiang是男性，故此處應用his。 ?　解析：刪除of。考查介詞。盡管得了嚴重的疾病，despite“盡管”后跟賓語時不需帶of。 ?　解析：admit改為admitted?？疾楣潭ù钆?。be admitted to“被接收(入學)”為固定搭配。 ?　解析：year改為years。考查名詞復數(shù)。未來四年母親能夠在那兒照顧他，four后跟復數(shù)名詞，故此處為years。 ?　解析：promise改為promised?？疾闀r態(tài)。本文敘述的是過去的事情，且全文使用的均為一般過去時，故此處用promised。 ?　解析：have后加a。考查冠詞。鼓勵他對人生充滿信心，have a strong belief in. . . “堅信……；對……懷有堅定信念”。 ?　解析：which改為that?？疾樘厥饩湫?。正是他鼓舞人心的經(jīng)歷和來自清華大學的溫暖吸引了公眾的注意。本句為強調句型it be＋被強調部分＋that/who. . . ，故改為that。 　解析：final改為finally?？疾楦痹~。此處表示“努力最終會得到回報”。修飾動詞用副詞，因此改為finally。 第二組 Ⅰ. 語法填空 (2017全國卷Ⅱ) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1. crowds__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __2. from__ work. It took three years to plete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road， __3. laying__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over __4. the__ top. When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced. Steam engines __5. were used__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been __6. fairly__ (fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using __7. it__ every day. Later，engineers __8. managed__ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the __9. introduction__ (introduce) of electric－powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most __10. successful__ (success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900. It had white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public. 文章大意：本文為說明文，介紹了全世界第一個地下客運鐵路在英國開放及其逐漸發(fā)展成現(xiàn)在的地鐵的過程。 ?　解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。因為crowd為可數(shù)名詞，并且其前沒有限定詞，所以此處用其復數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：考查介詞。此處是指“當他們來回上下班時”。 ?　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，該句的主語為This，謂語動詞included后由and連接了三個動名詞短語作賓語。故填laying。 ?　解析：考查定冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個結實的頂，所以在top前加the。 ?　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。因為是介紹1863年的事情，而且steam engines與use之間為被動關系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填were used。 ?　解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。 ?　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此處用it代替the railway。 ?　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。因為engineers與manage之間為主動關系，而且是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以填managed。 ?　解析：考查詞性轉換。由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應接名詞，故填introduction。 　解析：考查詞性轉換。根據(jù)語境并結合空前的the most可知，空處表達最高級意義。故填successful。 Ⅱ. 短文改錯 (2018五個一名校聯(lián)盟二模) A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 death. Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise. A few minutes late，our house fell down. I managed to climb out，but much to my shocking，one of my boys were missing. I quickly went back inside and found them safe but frightened. ”Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins，and the government provided food，clothes，and shelters for homeless. 答案： A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 . Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and one hour. He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children we heard a loud noise. A few minutes ， our house fell down. I managed to climb out, but much to my ， one of my boys missing. I quickly went back inside and found safe but frightened. ”Soldiers came to rescue those under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for homeless. ?　解析：刪除last前的on?？疾榻樵~。Friday前有l(wèi)ast修飾，前面不用介詞。 ?　解析：death改為deaths。考查名詞。前有數(shù)字“4”修飾，應用復數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：last改為lasted?？疾闀r態(tài)。由連詞and和上文中的began可知，last的時態(tài)應該和began一致，故用一般過去時。 ?　解析：while改為when。考查連詞。此處表示當我們聽到一陣很大的噪音時，“我”和妻子以及孩子們正在廚房。表示“當……時”，用連詞when。 ?　解析：late改為later?？疾楦痹~?！皶r間段＋later”意為“多久以后，過了多久”，相當于“after＋時間段”；“時間段＋late”表示“遲于安排(預期)的時間多久”，故此處用later。 ?　解析：shocking改為shock。考查名詞。前有形容詞性物主代詞my修飾，應用名詞形式。much to one’s shock“令某人大吃一驚的是”。 ?　解析：were改為was。考查主謂一致。“one of＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”意為“……之一”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：them改為him。考查代詞。這里指的是上文所說的“one of my boys”，所以用him。 ?　解析：burying改為buried?？疾榉侵^語動詞。bury與其邏輯主語those之間構成動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。 　解析：homeless前加the。考查冠詞。“the＋形容詞”表示“一類……”。the homeless意為“無家可歸者”。