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Unit 1　Great scientists 一、閱讀理解 A Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included. But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流淚) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events. I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears. See, my dog — and 24/7 panion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet. It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves. In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者的狗遭遇車禍，作者痛哭不已，傷心欲絕。后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到哭泣是釋放壓力的方式。 【難句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句) 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。該句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；having never really experienced deaths in my life為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：然而，我在生活中從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正體會(huì)過(guò)死亡，數(shù)周前的一次體驗(yàn)讓我知道死亡真的意味著痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感覺(jué)。 1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．Crying is a raw human emotion. B．Crying is an emotion beyond control. C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness. D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness. 答案與解析：A考查段落大意。通讀該段可知，該段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”為該段的主題句。結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，該段主要論述“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2. Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research? A．They cry over different matters. B．They cry at different times of life. C．Women cry more often over deaths. D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根據(jù)第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的區(qū)別是男子對(duì)于積極事物的哭泣頻率要比婦女高，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death? A．A sign of strength. B．A sign of weakness. C．Behavior of being womanish. D．A way of reducing emotional stress. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意識(shí)到哭泣是減輕情感壓力的方式，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4. Whats the best title for the text? A．Men, never cry like women B．Men, its OK to cry sometimes C．Crying solves psychological problems D．Crying explains differences between men and women 答案與解析：B考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文論述的中心是“哭泣是人類最自然的情感流露，是減輕情感壓力的方式”，據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 B You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虛擬聊天機(jī)器人）. Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. ＂Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,＂ Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符號(hào)） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech panies, they are being smarter and more mon. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a ＂Samantha＂, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. 1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to its users. 3.Which pany’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 4.What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. 【文章大意】本文講述的是人工智能程序的發(fā)展情況。列舉了微信上的聊天程序大受歡迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成為顧問(wèn)，但是目前這種程序主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上，人們期待它將來(lái)可以在手機(jī)以外的地方使用。 1.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知，她在微信上大受歡迎，很多中國(guó)人都喜歡與她聊天，故選D。 3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作為學(xué)術(shù)顧問(wèn)，故選B。 4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,可知，人們期待這些程序除了智能手機(jī)之外，也能應(yīng)用在電視、汽車、 起居室等地，所以目前是主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上，故選B。 二、七選五 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 　 1 　But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 　 2 　This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 　 3 　Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 　 4 　When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one. There are many mon methods used to cook fish. 　 5 　First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve. A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文向大家介紹了如何用簡(jiǎn)單的方法購(gòu)買和烹制魚(yú)。 1.G 【解析】考查與首句語(yǔ)意的一致性。由空后的句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，轉(zhuǎn)折前的句子在語(yǔ)意上應(yīng)該保持一致，即說(shuō)明吃魚(yú)對(duì)健康的益處。故選G。 2.D 【解析】考查句子的承上啟下作用?？涨耙痪涮岬綄?duì)魚(yú)的選購(gòu)、儲(chǔ)存和烹制并不困難，空后一句講本文是關(guān)于如何以一種簡(jiǎn)單的方式購(gòu)買和烹制魚(yú)的，故選D＂這只需要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)知識(shí)就能做好＂。 3.F 【解析】考查主題句。段落的支撐細(xì)節(jié)始終圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，本段中第二、三句圍繞如何通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)來(lái)鑒別魚(yú)是否新鮮，因此可以判斷F項(xiàng)正確。 4.A 【解析】考查段落中句子間語(yǔ)意的連貫性和代詞的正確使用?？涨疤岬?，濃烈的氣味說(shuō)明魚(yú)已不新鮮，故不能買這種魚(yú)。據(jù)此可知A項(xiàng)正確。 三、短文改錯(cuò) There are many people think that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce.He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do.Health is more important. 【答案】　 There are many people / that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I read a story about Howard Joyce.He was European billionaire who got everything he wanted.，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have of dollars but you are poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with you do.Health is more important. 第一處：think前面加who或think改為thinking?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句或現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為many people，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句；因many people和think為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞thinking作many people的后置定語(yǔ)。 第二處：刪除had。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“used to”和“until one day”可知，該句陳述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第三處：an→a?？疾楣谠~。European的讀音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故用a。 第四處：Therefore→However?？疾楦痹~。上文說(shuō)他是一位歐洲億萬(wàn)富翁，得到了他想要的一切，該句說(shuō)在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康狀況變得越來(lái)越糟。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。 第五處：miserably→miserable?？疾樾稳菰~。life為名詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞miserable修飾。 第六處：called前面加were?？疾橹髦^一致、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)the best doctors為復(fù)數(shù)且和動(dòng)詞call之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；這里講述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用were。 第七處：million→millions。考查固定搭配。millions of為固定搭配，表示“許多”。 第八處：at→in。考查介詞。in poor health為固定搭配，意為“身體不好”。 第九處：trying→try。考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故to后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形try。 第十處：which→what?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，with后接賓語(yǔ)從句，連接詞在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)，故用what。 四、語(yǔ)法填空 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate). She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (e) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂ 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認(rèn)為在青少年時(shí)期要把學(xué)業(yè)放在首位。 61. resting 62. a 【解析】考查冠詞。model是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒(méi)有限定詞，而此處泛指 ＂一個(gè)＂，故填a。 63. was told / has been told 64. who 【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞為Sarah，指人，要用who。 65. to prove 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。want to do sth.想要做某事。 66. education 【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該接名詞形式。 67. invitations 【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填invitations。 68. in 【解析】考查介詞。in表示＂在某方面＂，獲得某項(xiàng)學(xué)位 ＂get a degree in…＂。 69. es 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知Sarah認(rèn)為當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是學(xué)業(yè)第一，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 70. certainly 【解析】考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用副詞形式，故填certainly。