語法專題語法專題 語法提分微點(diǎn)案語法提分微點(diǎn)案考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 微考場新演練微考場新演練 時態(tài)和語態(tài)是語法填空題的?？键c(diǎn)，主要考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)在具體語境中的運(yùn)用。解題時考生要先根據(jù)上下文或時間標(biāo)志詞判斷時態(tài)，然后根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷語態(tài)。 微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 練知考情會方法技巧練知考情會方法技巧1(2015新課標(biāo)卷)It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.解析：句意：當(dāng)我在黃昏前到達(dá)陽朔時正下小雨。但是我不在意。由后句“But I didnt care.”可知這里應(yīng)用一般過去時。2(2015新課標(biāo)卷)This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.解析：句意：這個循環(huán)日復(fù)一日的進(jìn)行。主語this cycle為單數(shù)形式；句子以一般現(xiàn)在時為主；結(jié)合時間狀語day after day可知應(yīng)用goes。goes arrived 3(2015廣東卷)While making great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died.解析：此空前為主語she，故該空填謂語，又根據(jù)and后的謂語died，可知該空填fell。4(2015廣東卷)He made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave)解析：謂語動詞和主語之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，又因動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填was left。5(2014新課標(biāo)卷)A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.解析：句意：一個騎自行車的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交車旁邊騎行并揮舞著手臂。所填詞是句子的謂語，根據(jù)下句時態(tài)可知，catch my attention發(fā)生在過去，故填caught。caught fell was left 6(2014遼寧卷)Tai Chi _ (call) “shadow boxing” in English.解析：句意：太極在英文中被稱為“shadow boxing”。所填詞是句子的謂語，和句子的主語Tai Chi是被動關(guān)系，表示“被稱為”；句子說的是事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填is called。7(2014廣東卷)We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.解析：句意：我們被告知那一周房間沒有預(yù)訂。所填詞是句子的謂語，和句子的主語we是被動關(guān)系，表示“我們被告知”；由從句時態(tài)判斷出動作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填were told。 is called were told 第一步，確定句子是否缺少謂語如果括號中給出的提示詞是動詞，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少謂語，那么空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞，就要考慮使用合適的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。第二步，確定時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的語境、時間狀語或另一動詞的時態(tài)來判斷用哪種時態(tài)。第三步，確定語態(tài)語態(tài)要根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞的邏輯關(guān)系確定。主語和謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系時動詞就應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系時就應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。第四步，確定主謂一致要注意謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。1(2015四川卷短文改錯)As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.答案與解析：telltold根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語last time，可知動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時。2(2015浙江卷短文改錯)It was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.答案與解析：iswas前一句謂語用的是過去時，故將is改為was。3(2014遼寧卷短文改錯)This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.答案與解析：startsstarted由時間狀語this morning可知，此處“狗叫”是過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。4The arrows were looked like rain.答案與解析：去掉were或lookedlook like“看起來像”為不及物動詞短語，沒有被動形式，故刪去were，也可刪掉looked，構(gòu)成be like短語，意為“像”。5(2014新課標(biāo)卷短文改錯)Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.答案與解析：hadhave句中時間狀語是since then，謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故將had改為have。6Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.答案與解析：drankdrunk根據(jù)句意及前面的was可知此處用被動語態(tài)，所以用過去分詞。1時態(tài)錯用通過上下文中“動作的先后關(guān)系”判斷是否有一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時的錯用。根據(jù)and判斷前后動詞時態(tài)是否一致。根據(jù)句中時間標(biāo)志詞如since then, last time等判斷。2語態(tài)錯用系動詞和不及物動詞(短語)沒有被動語態(tài)，卻誤被用作被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是否缺少be動詞。 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 語法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)語法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) 110種時態(tài)的數(shù)學(xué)公式(1)一般現(xiàn)在時經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。(2)一般過去時在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(3)一般將來時在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(4)過去將來時在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作。(6)過去進(jìn)行時在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。(7)將來進(jìn)行時將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。(8)現(xiàn)在完成時過去已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果，也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。(9)過去完成時在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作反復(fù)發(fā)生。2題干中常出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞或時間狀語有：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時：sometimes, now and then, often, every day/week, on Sundays等。(2)一般過去時：yesterday, last week, three years ago, the other day(幾天前), the day before yesterday, once upon a time, in 1990等。(3)一般將來時：next week, tomorrow, in a week, in the future, later on, the day after tomorrow等。(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：look, now, at present, at this moment, these days等。(5)過去進(jìn)行時：then, at that time, those days等。(6)將來進(jìn)行時：at this time tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from .to .tomorrow等。(7)現(xiàn)在完成時：lately, recently, so far, yet, ever since, by now, up to/until now, since then, in the last/past few days/years等。(8)過去完成時：by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 1999, “by the time句子”等。(9)將來完成時：“by將來的某個時間”， when/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently等。英語中的一些固定句式的時態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這種句式，注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用需要的時態(tài)。1It is the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done .2It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done .3It is/has been時間段since sb.did .4It/This is the best/most interesting .名詞sb./sth.have/has done .5Sb.had just done sth.when .did .6Sb.was/were doing sth.when .did .7Its high time that sb.did .8Hardly/No sooner had sb.done sth.when/than sb.did .9在“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句的謂語動詞為will do。10時間或條件狀語從句的“主將從現(xiàn)”原則：如果主句是一般將來時，那么在由when, before, until, if, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的表示將來的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時；若主句為一般過去時，則從句也用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。(2015安徽卷)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.如果你來中國參觀，你就會體驗有驚人深度且多元化的文化。1被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be過去分詞”，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，除be外被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become過去分詞。2只有及物動詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)。?？嫉牟患拔飫釉~或短語：last, cost, spread, happen (to), take place, belong to, break out, go out, run out, work out。3主動形式表示被動含義(1)表示感受、感官的系動詞如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動形式表示被動意義。(2)當(dāng)sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待機(jī)會被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責(zé)。Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left.洪水災(zāi)區(qū)的食品即將用完，我們必須在他們用完之前采取措施。 What about the books? Books of this kind sell well.這些書怎么樣？這種書很暢銷。 微考場新演練微考場新演練 好題巧練拿高考滿分好題巧練拿高考滿分 .單句訓(xùn)練1(2015重慶卷)Is Peter coming?No, he _ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.解析：此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。2(2015福建卷)To my delight, I _ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.解析：句意：令我高興的是，我從數(shù)百名候選人中被選中參加開幕式。根據(jù)句意可知，主語I和choose之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句首的to my delight可知，此處表示過去的事實(shí)，所以用一般過去時。was chosen changed 3(2015湖南卷)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _ (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”解析：句意：當(dāng)我問“你希望我現(xiàn)在干什么？”時，我無法隱藏我的渴望。主句是一般過去時，從句也用一般過去時。4(2015安徽卷)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book in the cafe.解析： “到達(dá)”學(xué)校門口和“意識到”都用一般過去時態(tài)，而“書丟在咖啡店”發(fā)生在這兩個動作之前，因此用過去完成時態(tài)。句意：我到校門口時意識到把書落在了咖啡館。5(2015安徽卷)It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come.解析：本句時間狀語為in years to come，表示將來；并且a space station和build之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。will be built asked had left 6(2015北京卷)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really. She _ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.解析：句意：你找到安的家費(fèi)了很大勁兒嗎？沒有。她給了我們非常清楚的指示，我們很容易就能找到她家。根據(jù)語境可知，“給出指示”發(fā)生在“找到她家”之前，所以用過去完成時，表示“過去的過去”。7(2015陜西卷)Marty _ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.解析：從“hell have finished it by Friday”判斷，他一直在寫這本書，而且現(xiàn)在仍然在寫，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。句意：馬蒂一直在很刻苦地從事這本書的寫作，他覺得到周五他就能完成了。had given has been working 8(2015天津卷)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ (teach) a class at that time.解析：句意：簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會議了，因為那個時候她將正在上課。根據(jù)句意可知，“今天下午三點(diǎn)”是一個將來的時間，表示將來某一時刻正在做某事，因此用將來進(jìn)行時。9(2015天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.解析：句意：盡管之前有好幾輪的會談，但是迄今為止雙方仍然沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。will be teaching has been reached 10I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ (start) when I arrived.解析：句意：我覺得我聽不懂這個講座，因為我來的時候它已經(jīng)開始了。根據(jù)語境可知，start動作發(fā)生在arrived之前，是“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時態(tài)。11They made up their mind that they _ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.解析：句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買一所新房子。根據(jù)句意可知buy這個動作應(yīng)在made up their mind之后，故應(yīng)用過去將來時。would buy had started 12During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _ (recommend)解析：句意：在西安期間，杰瑞嘗遍了他朋友推薦的所有的當(dāng)?shù)厥称贰６ㄕZ從句中的謂語動作“推薦”發(fā)生在主句謂語動作“品嘗”之前，也就是“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。13Whenever you _ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.解析：句意：無論何時，你買禮物的話，都應(yīng)該從接受者的角度來考慮它。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一般的客觀情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。had recommended buy 14She _ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.解析：句意：她當(dāng)時正在給別人打電話，因此我朝她點(diǎn)了一下頭就走開了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“當(dāng)時她正在打電話”，所以用過去進(jìn)行時。判斷句子的時態(tài)要根據(jù)句子的語境。根據(jù)下文的“I nodded to her and went away”可知是過去的動作，而且并未跟她說話，可推知她正在打電話。15We wont start the work until all the preparations _ (make)解析：句意：直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做好了我們才開始工作。主句中用將來時，until從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。are made/have been made was phoning .語法填空(2014廣東卷語法填空改編)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we _ (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane _ (land), we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. were told it had planned landed Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we _ (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was _ (surprise) helpful. She _ (apology) for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little _ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.sunburned/sunburnt were wondering surprisingly apologized the where 解析：本文是講作者和其弟弟去Miami(邁阿密)旅游，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)目的地后，來到六個月前訂的賓館，卻意外被告知訂的房間是下個星期的，且該賓館房間已訂滿。正當(dāng)不知如何辦時，經(jīng)理出來了，將他們安排在留出來的VIP房間，且不另外收他們的錢，這真是個意外的收獲。1考查代詞的用法。指代Miami，故用it。4考查被動語態(tài)。句子是過去時，且含義是“我們被告知”，故用被動形式。6考查副詞。修飾形容詞helpful，用副詞。8考查定冠詞的用法。特指最高層。9考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞是beach，故用where。10考查非謂語動詞。句意是“我們有一點(diǎn)被曬傷了”，用表示被動的非謂語動詞過去分詞。故用sunburned/sunburnt。