Unit4 Body language.閱讀理解AInaforeigncountry,amanvisitedalocalrestaurant.Hedidntspeaktheirlanguage.Heorderedsomethingindecipherable(難懂的)onthemenu.Whenthewaiterbroughthimaplateofdeliciouslookingfriednoodles,hesmiledandmadeanOKsignatthewaiterwithhisthumbandforefingerlinkedinacircle.Lookingangry,thewaiterthenpickedupthedishandthrewittohislap.Whathedidwrong,hewondered.Well,nothingisquiteasitseemswhenitcomestousinghandgestureinanothercountry.Gestureshavebeenusedtoreplacewordsinmanycountries,andtheyareoftenspecifictoagivenculture.Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture,butishighlyoffensiveinanother.Thegesture “thumb-up” iscommonlymisinterpreted.InEnglish,itispopularlyknownas “thumbsup”,despitethefactthattheactioniscommonlyperformedwithonlyonehand.English-speakingCaucasiansuseittosignal “OK”,whichisthesamemeaningasOKringgesture.Thetwocaninfactbeusedalmostinterchangeably.AvoidusingthisgestureinSouthernSardinaorNorthernGreeceunlessyouwanttoinviteafight.WhileAmericans,BritishandAustralianswouldusethethumb-uptosignalhitchhikingtothedrivers,thismessagewillnotencourageaGreekdriverormotoristtostoptogivethemaride.Therearenorightorwrongsignals,onlyculturaldifferences.Lackofculturalunderstandingwillleadtodisharmonyamongpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Whenweknowwhattolookfor,suchencounterswithotherculturesareactuallyveryinteresting,fascinatingandfun.Itiscertainlyagreattopictodiscussoveracupofcoffeeandcakes.1.Whatdidthemaninthefirstparagraphdowrong?A.Hemisunderstoodthewaiter.B.Hedidntrealizeculturaldifferences.C.Heorderedsomethingonthemenu.D.Hemadethesignalinarudeway.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmean?A.Fullofadmiration.B.Fullofaggression.C.Fullofcomplexity.D.Fullofcertainty.3.Whatwillhappenifyoumakeathumb-uptowardsamaninNorthernGreece?A.Hewillstoptogiveyoualift.B.Hewillgetannoyedandfightagainstyou.C.Hewillaskyoutogivehimalift.D.Hewillmakethesamesignaltowardsyou.4.Whatsthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthemeaningofdifferentgestures.B.Totellstoriesaboutdifferentcultures.C.Toadviseustohaveanunderstandingofculturaldifferences.D.Topersuadepeoplefromdifferentcountriestoliveinharmony.BScreamingisoneoftheresponseshumanssharewithotheranimals.Conventionalthinkingsuggeststhatwhatsetsascreamapartfromothersoundsisitsloudness.However,manysoundsthatarelouddonotraisegoosebumpslikescreamscan.Tofindoutwhatmakeshumanscreamsunique,neuroscientistLucArnalandhisteamexaminedabankofsoundscontainingsentencesspokenorscreamedby19adults.Theresultshowsscreamsandscreamedsentenceshadaqualitycalled “roughness”,whichreferstohowfastasoundchangesinloudness.Whilenormalspeechsoundsonlyhaveslightdifferencesinloudnessbetween4and5Hz,screamscanswitchveryfast,varyingbetween30and150Hz,thusconsideredtoberoughandunpleasant.Arnalsteamasked20subjectstojudgescreamsasfearfulornot,andfoundthatthescariestarealmostalwaysconnectedwithroughness.TheteamthenstudiedhowthehumanbrainrespondstoroughnessusingMRIbrainscanners(磁共振顱腦掃描儀).Asexpected,afterhearingascream,activityincreasedinthebrainshearingcentreswheresoundcomingintotheearsisprocessed.Butthescansalsolitupintheamygdalae(腦扁桃體),thebrainsfearcentre.Theamygdalaistheareathatrespondstodanger.Whenathreatisdetected,ouradrenalin(腎上腺素)rises,andourbodypreparestoreacttodanger.Thestudyfoundthatroughnessisntheardwhenwespeaknaturally,butthemostannoyingalarmclocks,carhorns,andfirealarmspossesshighdegreesofroughness.Onepotentialapplicationforthisresearchmightbetoaddroughnesstoalarmsoundstomakethemmoreeffective,thesamewayabadsmellisaddedtonaturalgastomakeiteasilytobedetected.Warningsoundscouldalsobeaddedtoelectriccars,whichareparticularlysilent,sotheycanbeefficientlydetectedbypedestrians.5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Differenttypesofscreams.B.Specificfeaturesofscreams.C.Humansoundsandanimalcries.D.Soundchangesandscreamedsentences.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase “raisegoosebumps” probablymean?A.Makepeoplefeelunpleasant.B.Makepeoplefeelcold.C.Makepeoplerudeandrough.D.Makepeopleunique.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Roughnessiscommonlyheardinmanyartificialsounds.B.Thetravellingspeedmakesscreamsdifferentfromothersounds.C.Verylittlescientificresearchhasbeendoneonhumanscreams.D.Normalhumanspeechsoundsvarybetween30to150Hzinloudness.8.Whatdevicemaybeimprovedwiththeresearchersfindings?A.Trafficlights.B.Securitycameras.C.Smartphones.D.Smokedetectors.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nomatterwhereyouare,humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatitplanninganddoingthingsaheadoftime,1.othersarealwaystryingtobeattheclockanddothingsattheeleventhhour.Tardiness(拖拉)canbeserious.Ifyou2.(be)oneminutelateforwork,wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextreme,butthatisexactly3.occurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament,theHouseofLords,inJanuary2018.InternationalDevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate,and,asaresult,wasunabletoanswera4.(schedule)question.Insteadoftrying5.(make)upforlosttime,asmanymightdo,heresignedon6.spot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesy(無禮)andstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation,though,7.(reject)bytheUKprimeminister.So,howlateistoolate?Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously.Incontrast,othersseemtoviewtardiness8.justthenormalwayofthings.Whatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatis,ifyoudontmindwaiting,itmightbebesttoattendyour9.(appoint)ingoodtime.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb, “ 10.(good)latethannever.”.短文改錯Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Ialwaysspentaspecialdaywithmyfamily,theclosestoneswhoIcouldsharemyjoyandhappiness.WhenIwokeupinthemorning,Ifoundonthedeskwassomenewclothesandanotewhichsaid, “Getdressingandcomeoutside.”Ididso,andbeforeIgotoutsideIfoundmyfatherwaitthere.HetookmetoahugeamusementparkIhaveneverbeento.Weboughtticketandentered.IwentdirecttothemainrollercoasterwhichIhadbeenhopingtorideitforyears.Itturnedouttobeagreatbirthday.課時作業(yè)(十九).A【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了身勢語在不同的文化背景下,有不同的意義。如果不理解文化差異,很可能會造成誤會,所以作者建議我們要理解文化差異。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及第二段中的“Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture,butishighlyoffensiveinanother.”可知,手勢在一種文化中可能意味著一些贊美,但在另一種文化中卻是無禮的。據(jù)此推斷,這個人的錯誤在于他沒有意識到文化的差異。故選B項。2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“butishighlyoffensiveinanother.”可知,同一種手勢在另一種文化中是無禮的。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系可以推斷,“Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture”意思是手勢在一種文化中是表示敬意的。故complimentary意思是“贊美的,表示敬意的”。3.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AvoidusingthisgestureinSouthernSardinaorNorthernGreeceunlessyouwanttoinviteafight.”可知,在希臘北部,如果你對一個人伸出大拇指,他會很生氣,并且會和你打架。故選B項。4.C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,這篇文章主要講了身勢語在不同的文化背景下,有不同的意義。如果不了解文化差異,很可能會造成誤會,所以作者建議我們要了解文化差異。故選C項。B【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要說明了對尖叫進行的科學研究。5.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句和對本段的整體理解可推知,本段主要講述的是尖叫的特征,故選B。6.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,尖叫會讓人感覺不舒服,與畫線短語所在句呼應,故選A。7.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可推知,許多人造聲音聽起來都很粗糙,故選A。8.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可推知,這項發(fā)現(xiàn)可以應用于氣味檢測中,故選D。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要討論了不同文化中人們對遲到的不同看法。1.while考查連詞。該空的前一句說“我們中的一些人擅長提前計劃做事情”,后一句說“其他的人總是試圖在最后一刻趕時間做事情”,兩句話之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系,故填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while。2.were考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果你上班遲到一分鐘,你會辭職嗎?本句是if引導的條件狀語從句,表達與將來事實相反的情況,應采用“if+主語+動詞過去式”的結(jié)構(gòu),故填were。3.what考查連接代詞。本句是表語從句,從句中缺少的成分是主語,這里的主語指代的是事情,所以用what。4.scheduled考查形容詞。在冠詞a和名詞question之間應該用形容詞,故填schedule的形容詞形式scheduled,表示“預定的”。5.tomake考查動詞不定式。trytodosth是固定搭配,意為“努力做某事”。6.the考查定冠詞。onthespot 是固定短語,意為“在現(xiàn)場,立刻”。句意:他并沒有像許多人那樣,試圖彌補失去的時間,而是當場辭職。7.wasrejected考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:盡管他的辭呈被英國首相拒絕了。主語resignation和reject之間是被動關系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。8.as考查介詞。句意:相比之下,其他的文化似乎認為遲到是正常的事情。viewas是固定搭配,意為“把看作”。9.appointment(s)考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:如果你不介意等的話,最好及早去參加你的約會。形容詞性物主代詞后面應該跟名詞。故填appointment(s)。10.Better考查形容詞比較級?！癇etterlatethannever.”是一個英語諺語,意為“遲做總比不做好。”.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Ialwaysspentaspecialdaywithmyfamily,theclosestoneswhoIcouldsharemyjoytheandhappinesswith.WhenIwokeupinthemorning,Ifoundonthedeskwassomenewclothesandanotewhichweresaid, “Getdressingandcomeoutside.”Ididso,andbeforeIgotoutsideIfoundmyfatherwaitdressedwhen/afterwaitingthere.HetookmetoahugeamusementparkIhaveneverbeento.Weboughtticketandentered.IwenthadticketsdirecttothemainrollercoasterwhichIhadbeenhopingtorideitforyears.Itturnedouttobeagreatbirthday.directly