Unit 2Healthy eating【短文語法填空】China to Promote Traditional Opera in SchoolsChinas central government has pledged(正式承諾) to promote traditional opera in schools.Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges 1. universities have given students the opportunity 2. (watch) traditional opera free of charge in 2017, according to a guideline jointly 3. (issue) by the publicity department of the munist Party of China and the ministries of culture, education and finance. By 2018, students in all schools and colleges nationwide can watch 4. opera free of charge every year.The campaign for traditional opera to reach students 5. (be) mon in all schools in 2020, according to the guideline. The guideline also urges schools to strengthen the creation of opera interest groups. 6. called on the joint effort of the government, education, society and individuals to support the campaign. The guideline also encourages 7. (invest) from enterprises, social organizations and individuals. There are hundreds of forms of local opera in China, 8. Peking Opera the most famous. Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera 9. (list) by UNESCO as an intangible 10. (culture) heritage.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文告訴我們將來會有更多的學(xué)校推廣京劇。1and解析：考查連詞。多個名詞一起作主語時，應(yīng)該在最后兩個名詞之間用and連接。文中Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges, universities這四個名詞作并列的主語。2to watch解析：考查非謂語動詞。opportunity后常接不定式作定語，表示“做的機(jī)會”。3issued解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語動詞作定語；issue與a guideline是被動關(guān)系，所以用issue的過去分詞形式作定語。4an 解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示泛指；又因為opera以元音音素開頭，故填an。5will be解析：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中的時間狀語“in 2020”可知，空處應(yīng)用一般將來時。6It解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用It指代the guideline。7investment解析：考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用名詞作encourages的賓語。8with解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the most famous作賓語補足語。9are listed解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，京劇和昆劇被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，所以空處用被動語態(tài)，又因為此處描述的是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。10cultural解析：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故填cultural。balance n天平；平衡；余額v平衡；權(quán)衡(1)keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡(2)balance sth.against 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較(3)balanced adj.保持(或顯示)平衡的keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡(教材原句)What will happen to you if you dont eat a balanced diet?假如你的飲食不均衡會怎么樣？You have to_balance (balance) the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。(2015湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost (lose) his balance and had a bad fall.男孩在追他哥哥時，重重地摔了一跤。單句語法填空(2017全國卷)He had the rare balance (balanced) of fun and passion(同情)curiosity n好奇心，求知欲(1)(2)(3)curiously adv.好奇地；說來奇怪(教材原句)Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.王鵬受到好奇心的驅(qū)使，走了進(jìn)去。It was curious (curiosity) that she didnt tell anyone.她沒有告訴任何人，這很奇怪。He had great curiosity (curious) to know what was happening.他極渴望知道發(fā)生了什么事。lie n謊話，謊言 vt.說謊；躺；位于(1)lie 謊話；說謊(2)lie 位于，躺(3)lay 放；產(chǎn)卵(2015湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies (lie) in his ability to municate with foreigners in English.毫無疑問，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢在于他能夠用英語和外國人交流。Its a sad fact of life：Lies are lies，and sometimes the truth can_lie (lie)as well.讓人傷心的事實：謊言就是謊言，有時事實也撒謊。原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義詞性lieliedliedlying說謊不及物lielaylainlying躺，位于不及物laylaidlaidlaying放置；下蛋及物The man lying (lie) there lied (lie) that he had_laid (lay) the money on the table.躺在那里的那個人撒謊說他把錢放在桌子上了。The boy lied (lie) that he lay (lie) in bed and laid (lay) a cock in a box and saw it laying (lay) an egg.男孩撒謊說他躺在床上把公雞放在盒子里看著它下蛋。單句語法填空(2017全國卷)In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies (lie) in resetting your body clock.benefit vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益n好處，利益，優(yōu)勢(1)benefit from/by.從受益，得益于benefit sb.對某人有益(2)be of(much，great)benefit to sb.be beneficial to sb.對某人有益for the benefit of sb.(for sbs benefit) 為了的利益 get benefit from 從中受益(3)beneficial adj.有利的；有裨益的；受益的be beneficial to 對有益(教材原句)I dont want to upset you，but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.我并不想讓你心煩，不過我發(fā)現(xiàn)你菜譜上的菜太少了，所以我也就不著急了，我也開始宣傳我餐館的食物的好處。It is said that yoga is of great benefit to/beneficial to/ benefits human health.據(jù)說瑜珈對人體健康有很大益處。語境填詞I suggest you give up smoking for_the_benefit_of (為了的利益) your health.I believe that giving up smoking will be_of_benefit/beneficial (對某人有益的) to you and it will also benefit (對某人有益的) your family a lot.In other words，your family will benefit_from (從中受益) your stopping smoking.Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial (有益的) to them.(2015福建卷)Another beneficial (benefit) aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.小組活動的另一有利方面就是參與者可以從指導(dǎo)者那里獲得一些信息上的支持。單句語法填空(2017全國卷)Were looking at the benefits (benefit) of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.【七選五】In our fast world of phones，fax machines and puters，the oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. 1 There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother，also，always insisted I write my own thankyou letters for Christmas and birthday presents. 2 When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters. 3 Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most.There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter. 4 I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.I love the letters that e with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a years supply of news！And its better still when its an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. 5 Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thankyou letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to bee another“l(fā)ost art”APoor handwriting can spoil(破壞)your enjoyment of a letter.BWe had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met.CI am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.DIt didnt matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.EBut instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them.FYet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of munication.GThe letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了作者對書信這種溝通方式的青睞和對書信藝術(shù)逐漸消失的擔(dān)憂。1F根據(jù)下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.”可推知，收到信對作者來講是一件無比愉悅的事情，所以選F項。2D根據(jù)本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.”可知，書信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，對她來說，只要是信就好，無論多短或多不整潔，所以選D項。3G根據(jù)上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，這些信都是關(guān)于父母的一些生活瑣事以及他們的朋友的狀況的，所以選G項。4E根據(jù)下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.”可推知，此處應(yīng)描述書信溝通的優(yōu)勢，與上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.”呼應(yīng)，所以選E項。5C根據(jù)下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一樣繼承了寫信的傳統(tǒng)，所以選C項。in debt 負(fù)債be heavily/deeply in debt 債臺高筑go/get/run/slip into debt 陷入債務(wù)之中pay off ones debts 償清債務(wù)be/stay out of debt 不負(fù)債；還清債務(wù)be in debt to sb.欠某人債be in sbs debt 欠某人的情；感激某人(教材原句)He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他不希望由于餐館不受歡迎而負(fù)債。He was (be) in debt when he was poor，but he has_been (be) out of debt since he got rich.他窮的時候欠了債，但自從富裕后就擺脫了債務(wù)。語境填詞Mike had a large family to support，but he worked hard day and night and managed to stay out_of_debt (不負(fù)債)However，his father fell seriously ill suddenly and Mike got/ran_into_debt (陷入債務(wù)之中) to save his father.When Mike felt helpless as he didnt know how to pay_off_the_debt (還清債務(wù))，Mr.White offered him a good job to help him，so Mike often said to Mr.White，“I will always remember your kindness and Im forever in_your_debt (欠某人的情)”cut down 削減；刪節(jié)；砍倒；縮短cut across 抄近路穿過cut in 插嘴，插入cut off 切斷(電，煤氣)，使孤立，隔絕cut out 刪除，停止cut short 截短cut up 切碎cut through 鑿穿，剪斷；抄近路(教材原句)In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.這樣，他們減少了飯菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纖維素。(2014陜西卷)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has_cut (cut)down.我叔叔一直不能戒煙，但是至少他已經(jīng)減少了吸煙的量。Id feel very cut_off (cut off) if I didnt know what was happening in the world.如果我不知道世界上發(fā)生了什么，我會感到與世隔絕?！径涛母腻e】My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!【答案】My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father!第一處：刪除however?？疾檫B詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，表語放句首時，從句倒裝，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，however多余。第二處：herhis?？疾榇~。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致，可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。第三處：neighborneighbors?？疾槊~所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語，修飾名詞window。第四處：hashad。考查動詞時態(tài)。與asked呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用過去完成時，表示過去的過去。第五處：athe?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語境，故用定冠詞the。第六處：scoldscolding?？疾閯用~。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故用動名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語。第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。第八處：andbut?？疾檫B詞，not only.but also.意為“不但而且”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用連詞but。第九處：whathow?？疾橐蓡栐~。與teaches呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示方式，故用how。第十處：luckilylucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞lucky作表語。“Nothing_could_be_better，”he thought.他想：“再沒有比這些更好吃的了?！本渲械男稳菰~比較級與表示否定含義的不定代詞nothing連用，表達(dá)最高級含義。表示最高級意義的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)nothing(或no)so原級as./nothing(或no)比較級than.(2)never比較級(3)比較級than(4)can/couldnever/not.enough/too.Nothing is more (much) precious than health.健康的身體是最寶貴的。You can never be too careful in your work.你工作再認(rèn)真小心也不為過。What an interesting novel! I have never read (read) a more moving novel.Its the most moving novel that I have ever read.多么有意思的小說！我從來沒看過比這更動人的小說。(言外之意，這是最動人的)It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was.直到那時我突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。(2015湖南卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better (good) than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.作為一個學(xué)生，我可以告訴你沒有什么比被老師在全班同學(xué)面前表揚一番便好的事了。用比較級形式表達(dá)最高級的含義，要注意把主語排除在比較范圍之外。如：This book is more interesting than any other book.與任何別的書相比，這本書最有趣。He could not have_Yong_Hui_getting_away_with telling people lies!他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們卻不受懲罰！句中have sb.doing sth.，意為“允許某人做某事”。(1)have sb./sth.doing sth.讓某人做某事/讓某事發(fā)生(動作持續(xù))(2)have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(相當(dāng)于make sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth.)(3)have/get sth.done 讓(別人)做某事(4)have sth.to do 有事要做It is not a good idea to have the machine running (run) all the time.讓機(jī)器不停地運轉(zhuǎn)不是個好主意。Dont be worried.Ill have Tom help (help) you finish the work.別擔(dān)心，我會讓湯姆幫你完成工作的。She fell off her bike and had her leg broken (break)她從自行車上摔下來，摔斷了腿。Youd better have your eyes examined (examine) tomorrow.你明天最好去檢查一下眼睛。(1)have sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，不定式作賓補省略to，但被動式不省。(2)have sth.done【閱讀理解】Many wealthy and welltraveled people want a pletely new experience, but they dont necessarily want to give up luxury (奢華的) acmodations and service. The following vacations could be best choices. Cruise down the Amazon River Aqua Expeditions takes up to 32 passengers at a time on guided journeys of three, four, or seven days down the Amazon River. Those adventurers see forests and waterfalls, visit local fish markets, and take canoe trips. They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins. Go Glamping in MontanaThe Resort at Paws Up located on a cattle ranch(牧場) is a standout in the type. The ranch rents homes with up to four bedrooms, but its the luxury tents that offer closer munion with the outdoors. Tents are arranged into camps, each of which has a private chef and butler, the latter of whom helps build campfires and arrange daytime activities. Guests can participate in a cattle drive, go clay shooting, take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses.Climb inside a Volcano in IcelandIceland is famous for its volcanoes and has plenty of luxury hotel options. Thrillseekers can actually go down into the dormant (休眠的), 700footdeep Thrihnukagigur, by using an open elevator. Take a helicopter if you want to skip the 2mile hike to the volcano, and arrange a private tour to avoid crowds. And visitors traveling there can enjoy the luxury hotel such as the ION Luxury Adventure Hotel and the Hotel Rang. 【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三個旅游項目。1. What can adventurers do when traveling down the Amazon River?AEnjoy individuallyguided tours.BTravel with hot air balloons.CGet a chance to see wildlife.DRide horses along the trail.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins.”可知，沿著亞馬遜河旅游的人可以有機(jī)會觀看野生動物，故選C。2. At which place can guests enjoy food quite to their taste?AAqua Expeditions.BThe Resort at Paws Up.CThrihnukagigur. DThe Hotel Rang.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“each of which has a private chef and butler.”可知，在The Resort at Paws Up，每個營地都配有私人廚師，由此可知，游客在這里可吃到非常符合自己口味的食物，故選B。3What do the three vacations have in mon?AThey are adventurous.BThey are animalcentered.CThey have luxury hotel options.DThey are intended for new travelers.答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。第一個項目提到adventurers，第二個項目提到take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses，第三個項目提到尋求刺激的人可以下到700英尺深的休眠火山中。故這三個項目的共同點就是：adventurous(驚險的，刺激的)。