Unit 2Cloning【短文語(yǔ)法填空】The MidAutumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1. autumn. Its about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another：mooncakes.I 2. (learn) about mooncakes when I moved to Chinas capital city, Beijing. When the MidAutumn Festival came around, the city was 3. (live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4. (carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5. majority of them said that few people actually ate them. Instead，6. (regard) as gifts, theyre chosen for family, friends or coworkers.When years later I moved back to New York City, I didnt expect to find any public 7. (celebrate) of the MidAutumn Festival. But Ive been surprised at the ways the festival continues in at least the citys 8. (heavy) Chinese neighborhoods. For weeks before the MidAutumn Festival, Brooklyns Chinatown，9. I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mooncakes.It looks like Chinese culture can 10. (preserve) while adapting to changing circumstances.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在北京居住時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)中秋節(jié)前，盡管很少吃月餅，但人們?nèi)韵矚g買(mǎi)月餅送人?；氐郊~約后，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)紐約的中國(guó)人也這樣做。作者由此發(fā)出感慨：似乎中國(guó)文化在適應(yīng)變化中的環(huán)境時(shí)能被保存下來(lái)。1with解析：考查介詞。中國(guó)的中秋節(jié)和秋天沒(méi)有或者說(shuō)幾乎沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系。它是關(guān)于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人們?nèi)匀换ハ噘?zèng)送的禮物“月餅”的。 have nothing/something to do with.“和無(wú)關(guān)/有關(guān)”，是固定搭配。2learned/learnt解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)我搬到中國(guó)的首都北京時(shí)，我了解了關(guān)于月餅的一些情況。主從句的動(dòng)作幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，從句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3lively解析：考查形容詞。空處作表語(yǔ)，且意為“氣氛熱鬧的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容詞 lively。4carrying解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。每個(gè)雜貨店似乎都排著隊(duì)伍，隊(duì)伍中滿(mǎn)是拿著月餅向柜臺(tái)走去的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，people 后是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，people 與 carry 之間是主謂關(guān)系，且此處表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。5the解析：考查冠詞。the majority of 是固定搭配，意為“中的大多數(shù)”，故填the。6regarded解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， as gifts 作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)固定搭配 be regarded as “被視為”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 與 regard 之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。7celebration(s)解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空處應(yīng)該填名詞 celebration(s)“慶?；顒?dòng)”。8heavily解析：考查副詞。此處表示“至少在這個(gè)城市有大量中國(guó)人的社區(qū)”?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副詞 heavily。9where解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是 Brooklyns Chinatown，表示地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用 where。10be preserved解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。似乎中國(guó)文化在適應(yīng)變化中的環(huán)境時(shí)能被保存下來(lái)。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物動(dòng)詞，故此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成n物體；目標(biāo)(1)object to(sb./sth.)反對(duì)(某人/某事)object to doing sth.反對(duì)做某事(2)objection n不贊成；反對(duì)；異議have/take/make an objection to(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事表示反對(duì)raise an objection to sth.對(duì)某事提出異議(3)objective adj.真實(shí)的，客觀(guān)的，無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的We object to _being treated_ (treat) like this.我們抗議這種待遇。Have you any objection to my _asking_ (ask) a private question?我問(wèn)你一個(gè)私人問(wèn)題你反對(duì)嗎？object表示“反對(duì)”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，加賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需加介詞to，而oppose表示“反對(duì)”時(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞，可直接加賓語(yǔ)。undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)著手；從事；承擔(dān)；負(fù)責(zé)undertake a task 承擔(dān)任務(wù)undertake an attack 發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻undertake to do sth.答應(yīng)，同意做某事undertake for.為負(fù)責(zé)undertake thatclause保證He undertook _to be_ (be) here at ten oclock.他答應(yīng)十點(diǎn)鐘到這兒來(lái)。I want you _to undertake_ (undertake) all the responsibility.我要你承擔(dān)所有的責(zé)任。Those reforms (which are) _being undertaken_ (undertake) currently are of great importance to the future development of the pany.公司目前正在進(jìn)行的這些改革對(duì)于公司未來(lái)的發(fā)展非常重要。forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden，forbidding)禁止，不準(zhǔn)，不許forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbidthat 從句 禁止(2016上海卷)The research suggests that walking should _be forbidden_ (forbid) on escalators that are at least 18.5m in height.研究表明應(yīng)該禁止在高達(dá)18.5米多的電梯上行走。The school forbids the students _to smoke/from smoking_ (smoke)學(xué)校禁止學(xué)生吸煙。He _forbade_ (forbid) me _from_ smoking in the office.He said the law forbids _smoking_ (smoke) in public places.He also said he would forbid me _to leave_ (leave) unless I apologized for what I had done.他禁止我在辦公室里抽煙。他說(shuō)法律禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。他還說(shuō)如果我不為所做的事情道歉的話(huà)他就不許我離開(kāi)。forbid后面不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而是跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth.。類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：allow/permit/advise/want sb.to do sth.allow/permit/advise/admit doing sth.owe vt.欠(賬、錢(qián)、人情等)；歸功于，應(yīng)感謝(1)(2)owing tobecause of“因?yàn)?，由于”，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，表原因。(教材原句)You owe the lady an apology.你必須向這位女士道歉。These early settlers owed their survival _to_ hard work and determination to succeed.這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動(dòng)和追求成功的決心。Was it _owing_ (owe) to bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving?當(dāng)時(shí)是由于天氣惡劣，他們才不得不改變離開(kāi)的時(shí)間的嗎？【七選五】Being Refreshed without SleepingSometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest._1_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities._2_ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed.Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you._3_ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better._4_ You get double the benefits if it is daytime.Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._5_AKeep it cool.BCalm down and sleep.CAvoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired.DGo outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air.EMissing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.FWhen you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing.GHaving a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幾種在沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)的情況下恢復(fù)精神的方法。難句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句)譯文：你可以偶爾一個(gè)晚上不睡覺(jué)，通過(guò)調(diào)整飲食和活動(dòng)，感覺(jué)也仍然很好。詞匯積累：adjust v調(diào)整，適應(yīng)nutrition n營(yíng)養(yǎng)energize v使充滿(mǎn)活力positive adj.積極的，樂(lè)觀(guān)的1E根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容可知，有時(shí)白天沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常失眠可能會(huì)讓你生病，所以要避免”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。2A空格處是本段的中心句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，開(kāi)著空調(diào)會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得更加清醒、精神振作。A項(xiàng)“保持涼爽”與之呼應(yīng)，能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。3C根據(jù)下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C項(xiàng)中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”與之相照應(yīng)，即“不要吃太多，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)使你很累”。故選C。4D空格下一句提到在白天會(huì)事半功倍。D項(xiàng)“不管是白天還是夜晚去外面呼吸新鮮的空氣”與下文銜接緊密，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。5G根據(jù)本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D項(xiàng)中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”與之照應(yīng)。故選G。pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清pay sb.for sth.pay sth.to sb.for sth.付錢(qián)給某人作為的費(fèi)用pay for sth.為某事吃苦頭或受懲罰；花錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物pay back 還錢(qián)；報(bào)復(fù)pay out (為某事)付出大筆款項(xiàng)pay up (尤指不情愿地或遲遲地)付清欠款pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 訪(fǎng)問(wèn)John studied hard before the examination，and it paid _off_.He made an A.約翰在考試前努力學(xué)習(xí)，這沒(méi)有白費(fèi)，他得了個(gè)A。That I can pay _back_ the help people give me makes me happy.能夠回報(bào)人們給我的幫助讓我感到很開(kāi)心。He paid the doctor and paid _for_ his medicine，too.他酬謝了醫(yī)生，并付了買(mǎi)藥的錢(qián)。in good/poor condition 狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞out of condition 健康狀況欠佳working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境on condition(that).在條件下；假如on no condition 一點(diǎn)也不；決不I dont care about the price as long as the car is _in_ good condition.只要汽車(chē)狀況好，我不介意價(jià)格。They agreed to lend us the car _on_ condition that we returned it before the weekend.他們同意把車(chē)借給我們，條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。On no condition _should_ (shall) you tell them what happened.你決不應(yīng)該告訴他們發(fā)生了什么事。【短文改錯(cuò)】Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow.They remind me my days in senior high school which I joined in the military training.It was the first time I have lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict in me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I was succeeded.The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life，but the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short，learning to regard the challenges of life as the stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.【答案】Challenges of life are of great importance in our .They remind me my days in senior high school I joined in the military training.It was the first time I lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I succeeded.The trials made it much for me to adapt to life， the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short， to regard the challenges of life as stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.第一處：grow改為growth?？疾槊~。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞our可知，應(yīng)將grow改為growth。第二處：在me后加of?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂巖emind sb.of sth.意為“使某人想起某事”，為固定搭配。第三處：which改為when。考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，senior high school后為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為days且從句中不缺少成分，故應(yīng)將which改為when，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。第四處：have改為had。考查時(shí)態(tài)。在It was the first time(that)句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故將have改為had。第五處：in改為with?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂巄e strict with sb.意為“對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格”，為固定搭配。第六處：刪除was。考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處succeed為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故將was刪除。第七處：easy改為easier。考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句中much可知，此處表示更加容易，故用形容詞比較級(jí)。第八處：but改為and。考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上下文之間是順承關(guān)系，故將but改為and。第九處：learning改為learn?？疾槠硎咕洹７治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個(gè)祈使句，與下文中的“make the best of them”構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故將learning改為learn。第十處：the改為a。考查冠詞。此處表示一個(gè)墊腳石，表示泛指，且stepping的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故將the改為a。The fact _that she seemed to develop normal_ was very encouraging.看來(lái)多莉是在正常地成長(zhǎng)著，這很令人鼓舞。此句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)fact進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，that僅起連接詞的作用，無(wú)意義，不能省略。同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等抽象名詞后面，解釋說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或說(shuō)明。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that，whether，who，when，where，why，how等詞引導(dǎo)。I have no idea _where_ the new library will be built.我不知道新圖書(shū)館將要建在哪里。The suggestion came from the chairman _that_ the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來(lái)的。引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替)，并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略。that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替。The question _whether_ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.我們是否該繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被解決。The news _that_ our football team had won the match was encouraging.(同位語(yǔ)從句，不缺成分)我們足球隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞?！鹃喿x理解】Golden Gate Bridge Located in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public in 1937. It cost more than $35 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world. Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, opened in the year 1883. The length of the bridge is 1,825 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies. George Washington Bridge Also known as the Hudson River Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a twolevel suspension bridge.Mackinac BridgeThis is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David BSteinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1957. People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.Navajo BridgeLocated in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000. In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1995. The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了美國(guó)五座著名的大橋。1What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?AIt consists of two bridges.BIt costs the least of the five bridges.CIt is the longest suspension bridge in the world. DIt takes about 4 years to plete the construction.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County.It was finally thrown open to public in 1937.”可推知，金門(mén)大橋的建筑時(shí)間約有四年，故D項(xiàng)正確。2Which of the following bridges was built the earliest?AGolden Gate Bridge.BBrooklyn Bridge.CGeorge Washington Bridge.DNavajo Bridge.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“was built the earliest”定位到每座大橋的建筑時(shí)間；根據(jù)文中各座大橋的建筑時(shí)間可知，布魯克林大橋是最古老的大橋，故B項(xiàng)正確。3What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge?AHave to pay some money.BUse the second bridge.CCover nearly 250 meters.DSee the statue of Dr. David BSteinman.答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段尾句“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知，使用麥基諾大橋的人會(huì)被收取一定量的錢(qián)，故A項(xiàng)正確。