第十三課時構詞法感 悟 高 考1.They gave money to the old peoples home either_or through their panies.(2015安徽卷)A.legally B.sincerelyC.personally D.deliberately答案C句意：他們或者親自或者通過他們的公司給敬老院送錢。legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真誠地，由衷地，誠懇地；personally親自，當面，個別地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地。根據(jù)or through their panies可知personally為正確答案。2.The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北卷)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案A句意：這個女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐漸地)在小組活動中變得積極起來，而且更愿意表達自己了。根據(jù)題干中的is和getting可知，這里表示循序漸進的過程，故選gradually(逐漸地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely僅僅。要 點 精 析一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis-advantagedisadvantage缺點fortdisfort不舒適il-legalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合邏輯的im-patientimpatient不耐煩的moralimmoral不道德的in-formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的ir-regularirregular不規(guī)則的responsibleirresponsible不負責任的mis-leadmislead誤導understandmisunderstand誤解un-willingunwilling不愿意的happyunhappy不高興的后綴例詞-lesshopehopeless絕望的carecareless粗心的2. 變動詞的前綴和后綴前綴例詞en-largeenlarge擴大richenrich使充實；使豐富后綴例詞-enbroadbroaden使變寬hardharden使變硬-ifyclassclassify把分類beautybeautify美化-izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize強調3.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加-ly可變成相應意義的副詞直接加-lyextremeextremely尤其，非常stupidstupidly 傻地改y為-ilyhappyhappily快樂地merrymerrily 快樂地去e加-lytruetruly真實地4.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率；功效accurateaccuracy準確性-domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference差異silentsilence沉默-nessweakweakness虛弱；弱點carelesscarelessness粗心大意-thstrongstrength力氣；強項widewidth寬度-ycruelcruelty殘忍-tydisabledisability無能；殘疾-ityresponsibleresponsibility責任5. 動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapproveapproval贊成；批準arrivearrival到來-anceappearappearance出現(xiàn)；外貌performperformance表演；節(jié)目-enceexistexistence存在；生存referreference參考；查閱-ionconstructconstruction建設evaluateevaluation評估-ationconsiderconsideration考慮imagineimagination想象力-(s)siondiscussdiscussion討論；辯論admitadmission接納；準許入學-inghearhearing聽力；聽覺beginbeginning開始-mentargueargument辯論；論據(jù)equipequipment設備-urefailfailure失?。粵]做到presspressure壓力-turemixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture離開；出發(fā)-yrecoverrecovery恢復；痊愈discoverdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他varyvariety多樣化；種類tendtendency趨向；趨勢6. 表示“人”的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。后綴例詞-rvillagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人-arlieliar說謊者-eeemployemployee受雇者；雇員interviewinterviewee被面試者-orinventinventor發(fā)明家educateeducator教育家；教師-essstewardstewardess 女乘務員hosthostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChinaChinese中國人JapanJapanese日本人-anAmericaAmerican美國人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人-ianhistoryhistorian歷史學家politicspolitician政治家；政客-istspecialspecialist專家tourtourist旅行者；觀光者-antparticipateparticipant參加者assistassistant助手；圖書管理員7. 動詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞-ableacceptacceptable可接受的fortfortable舒適的-alpersonpersonal個人的；私人的naturenatural自然的；天生的-fulhopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的-edconfuseconfused感到困惑的borebored感到厭倦的-ingsurprisesurprising令人驚訝的convinceconvincing令人信服的-ibleaccessaccessible容易到達的；容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的instructinstructive有教育意義的-ousanxietyanxious憂慮的curiositycurious好奇的-sometiretiresome令人厭倦的troubletroublesome麻煩的-ytastetasty美味的；可口的wealthwealthy富裕的；豐富的dirtdirty有灰塵的；臟的-erneasteastern東方的；向東的westwestern西方的；向西的-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific科學的historyhistoric歷史上著名的-aryimagineimaginary想象中的二、轉化法不改變詞形，把一個詞由一種詞類轉用為另一種詞類的方法叫轉化法。動詞名詞walktake a walk散步swimhave a swim游泳名詞動詞book n.v.預訂milk n.v.擠奶形容詞動詞slow adj.v.減慢narrow adj.v.使變窄；(差距等)縮小形容詞副詞hard adj.困難的adv.努力地high adj.高的adv.高deep adj.深的adv.深wide adj.寬的adv.廣闊地針 對 訓 練用所給詞的適當形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative(inform)and entertaining(entertain)tour into history，beautifully(beauty) illustrated and full of unbelievable(believe) facts.(2017江蘇卷 閱讀A)2.The second principle is to loosen(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017江蘇卷閱讀C)3.While clean energy is increasingly(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017江蘇卷閱讀D)4.Increasing Earths reflectiveness(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017江蘇卷閱讀D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highly profitable(profit) crops. (2017江蘇卷閱讀D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is useless (use).7.Curiously (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldnt possibly (possible) destroy a village.10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other choice (choose)，though.11.That little act of kindness (kind) made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into depression (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my expectation (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.14.As far as I am concerned，my suggestion (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the loss (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!