Unit 4Wildlife protection【短文語法填空】Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1. (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing, the introduction of bikesharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.The bikes 2. (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3. effective solution in places 4. its difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bikesharing is a 5. (green) method of transportation and 6. (provide) a more friendly experience.However, the programs have also led to problems such as 7. (legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the pany came up with the idea of encouraging people 8. (return) the bikes to stations 9. rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with 10. (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.51 yuan.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了共享單車在國內(nèi)的興起和發(fā)展情況。共享單車受到了大眾的歡迎，但是也帶來了很多問題。為了解決這些問題，經(jīng)營共享單車的公司也采取了一些措施。1driving解析：考查非謂語動詞。越來越多的人選擇騎自行車而不是開車到學(xué)校、工作場所或去觀光。根據(jù)空前的介詞 of 可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞ing形式，故用driving。2are equipped解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這些自行車裝配了GPS，可以被停在公共場合的任何地方留給下一個用戶。此處是客觀性描述，且The bikes和equip之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are equipped。3an解析：考查冠詞。該處指“一種有效的解決方法”，表示泛指；effective的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。4where解析：考查定語從句。它們受到許多中國人的歡迎，因為它們在難以從一種交通工具轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種交通工具的地方提供了一種有效的解決辦法。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，句中places 為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用where 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5greener解析：考查形容詞的比較級。共享單車是一種更綠色的交通方式。根據(jù)本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空應(yīng)用比較級形式與之構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故填greener。6provides解析：考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是Bikesharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞provide 的單數(shù)形式，故填provides。7illegal解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指非法停車。故填illegal，意為“非法的”。8to return解析：考查非謂語動詞。encourage sb. to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“鼓勵某人做某事”。故填to return。9by解析： 考查介詞。為了解決這些問題，公司提出了一種想法，通過獎勵人們下一次免費騎車的時間，鼓勵他們將自行車送回車站。根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)用by表示方式。10points解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。摩拜公司為每個用戶設(shè)置了100分的信用評分，如有不良行為就減分。point 在此處為可數(shù)名詞，且其前沒有限定詞修飾，故填points。一高考單詞識記思考運用1核心詞匯contain vt.包含；容納；容忍appreciate vt.鑒賞；感激；意識到succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；繼任hunt vt. & vi.打獵；獵取；搜尋inspect vt.檢查；視察mercy n仁慈；寬??；憐憫 merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的 merciless adj.殘忍的affect vt.影響；感動；侵襲effect n影響employ vt.雇用；利用時間、精力等 employee n雇員，雇工 employer n雇主 employment n雇用；使用；就業(yè)harm n. & vt.損害；危害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.無害的respond vi.回答；響應(yīng)；做出反應(yīng) response n回答；響應(yīng)2常考詞匯importance n重要性attention n注意；關(guān)注；注意力bite vt. & vi.叮；咬；刺痛decrease vi. & vt.減少；使變小或變少certain adj.確定的；某一；一定powerful adj.強大的；有力的secure adj.安全的；可靠的loss n損失；遺失；喪失lose v損失lost adj.消失的ending n結(jié)局；結(jié)尾end n. & v結(jié)束distant adj.遠的；遠處的distance n遠方用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Now, I appreciate (appreciation) the silence and the new way of munication it opens.(2017全國卷)2So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to_secure (secure) success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.(2017北京卷)3While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have_decreased (decrease)(2017江蘇卷)4This trend, which was started by the medical munity (醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.(2017全國卷)5Risktakers were better at hunting (hunt), fighting, or exploring.(2016北京卷)6Whatever it is, make sure its a relief (relieve) from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016全國卷)7This certainly (certain) makes my own views clearer.(2016江蘇卷)8You should take a step back and identify(識別) those of greater and less importance(important)(2016全國卷)9If we know that gossip can be harmful (harm), then why do so many of us do it？(2016浙江卷)10There are many powerful (power) people in their life and work.(2016四川卷)“雇用”家族employ vt.雇用；利用時間、精力等hire v. & n租用，雇用engage v雇用，聘請take on雇用，承擔(dān)on hire雇用，出租后綴ful構(gòu)成的必備形容詞beautiful漂亮的careful小心的，謹慎的doubtful懷疑的，疑惑的faithful守信的forgetful健忘的helpful有幫助的hopeful充滿希望的skillful熟練的successful成功的wonderful精彩的詞形相近詞對比記inspect vt.檢查；視察aspect n樣子；外表；方面respect n. & vt.尊敬；敬重suspect vt.懷疑expect vt.預(yù)料；盼望；認為“職場”高頻動詞集錦employ雇用appoint任命fire開除resign辭職interview面試retire退休【完形填空】Make Good MemoriesMy husband Bills Grandma was in a nursing home when we moved back to Michigan.Grandma had been unable to walk for quite some time；now her eyesight was almost gone.Over the years Grandma and I had _1_ many cards and letters.I knew how she enjoyed _2_ in touch with people.Grandma would have me write letters to go in the cards she would send.And she would always have me _3_ what I had written back to her.Grandma didnt have a problem with hearing then _4_ she was always telling me，“That is not _5_ how I said that！” I would then rewrite whatever I wrote in her exact words.Since I had some _6_ time before Christmas，I asked Grandma if she would like to send _7_ some Christmas cards.Grandma readily _8_.I rounded up several different kinds of cards.I knew she had friends and family who all had different _9_.I would take each card and _10_ in detail the front of the card，then I would read the words inside.After _11_ it over Grandma would tell me who she thought would like _12_ card.After a while I _13_ and I noticed that we had several nursing home _14_ standing in the doorway.I started to notice as I read each card，the _15_ on their faces and Grandmas face，too.Each one had a _16_ smile and a faraway look in their eyes，as they were seeing the scenes in their minds eye.I thought when I went over to do the Christmas _17_ I would be doing Grandma a favor，but it _18_ that she did me a big favor.Ill always _19_ this special memory of bringing some Christmas joy and pleasant _20_ to Grandma and her fellow residents.1A.exchanged BchangedCtraded Dswitched2A.settling BlosingCstaying Dgetting3A.write BdiscoverCtranslate Dread4A.when BbecauseCwhile Dthough5A.carefully BtruthfullyCspecially Dexactly6A.extra BflyingCessential Dvaluable7A.for BupCout Daway8A.acknowledged BagreedCadmitted Drejected9A.addresses BadvantagesCoccupations Dinterests10A.describe BmunicateCdistinguish Dignore11A.talking BturningCtaking Dthinking12A.another BeachCone Dother13A.looked down Blooked overClooked up Dlooked through14A.immigrants BvisitorsCpatients Dresidents15A.attention BlookCglance Dsight16A.gentle BroughCforced Dwhispered17A.trees BjobsCdecorations Dcards18A.turned over Bturned outCcame over Dleft out19A.treasure BadmireCencourage Drecognize20A.stories BfacesCmemories Dletters【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。有一年，在圣誕節(jié)前夕，作者去幫助丈夫的奶奶做圣誕賀卡，但是在這一過程中作者卻得到了莫大的幫助。1A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“交換”；B項意為“改變”；C項意為“交易”；D項意為“轉(zhuǎn)換”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，這些年來，作者和丈夫的奶奶兩人之間互相贈送卡片和信件，即交換了很多卡片和信件。故選A。2C考查動詞辨析。A項意為“解決”；B項意為“失去”；C項意為“保持”；D項意為“得到”。根據(jù)下文中丈夫的奶奶常給一些人贈送卡片可判斷出，她喜歡和人們保持聯(lián)系。故選C。3D考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C項意為“翻譯”； D項意為“讀”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“now her eyesight was almost gone”以及此空格后下一句的描述可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶讓作者讀一下她讓作者所寫的那些話。故選D。4B考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Thats not.how I said that！”可知，丈夫的奶奶的聽力是沒有問題的。此處應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)這個原因狀語從句。故選B。5D考查副詞辨析。A項意為“細心地”；B項意為“誠實地”；C項意為“專門地”；D項意為“精確地，準確地”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指丈夫的奶奶常說作者所寫的跟她所說的并不完全一樣。故選D。6A考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“額外的”；B項意為“飛行的”；C項意為“必要的”；D項意為“值錢的，寶貴的”。由下文中的“I asked Grandma if she would like to send”可知，此處指在圣誕節(jié)前夕作者有些空閑時間。故選A。7C考查介詞辨析。四個選項皆可與空格前的“send”構(gòu)成短語：send for意為“派人去叫”；send up意為“發(fā)射，使上升”；send out意為“分發(fā)，發(fā)送”； send away意為“解雇”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指是否需要幫助丈夫的奶奶分發(fā)賀卡。故選C。8B考查動詞辨析。A項意為“承認”；B項意為“同意”；C項意為“承認”；D項意為“拒絕”。根據(jù)下文“I rounded up several different kinds of cards.”可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶同意了作者的提議。故選B。9D考查名詞辨析。A項意為“地址”；B項意為“優(yōu)勢”；C項意為“職業(yè)”；D項意為“興趣”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶的那些朋友和親人有不同的興趣，所以給他們送賀卡時要根據(jù)他們的興趣來送。故選D。10A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“描述”；B項意為“交流”；C項意為“區(qū)分”；D項意為“忽視”。語境表示，每拿起一張賀卡，作者就會向丈夫的奶奶詳細描述賀卡封面上的內(nèi)容。故選A。11D考查動詞辨析。四個選項皆可與后面的“over”構(gòu)成短語：talk over意為“詳細地商議”；turn over意為“使翻轉(zhuǎn)”；take over意為“接管”；think over意為“仔細考慮”。根據(jù)常識可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過仔細考慮后告訴作者哪個人會喜歡哪一張賀卡。故選D。12B考查限定詞辨析。根據(jù)本段第五句中的“each card”可判斷出，此處指哪個人會喜歡哪一張賀卡，此處應(yīng)用each。故選B。13C考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“向下看”；B項意為“檢查”；C項意為“抬頭看”；D項意為“瀏覽”。根據(jù)下文中的“I noticed that”可判斷出，作者應(yīng)該是抬頭看到了門口的幾個人。故選C。14D考查名詞辨析。A項意為“移民”；B項意為“參觀者”；C項意為“病人”；D項意為“居民”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者看到了幾位住在養(yǎng)老院的人站在門口。故選D。15B考查名詞辨析。A項意為“注意力”；B項意為“表情，神情”；C項意為“一瞥”；D項意為“視力”。根據(jù)下一句中的“smile”和“a faraway look”可判斷出，作者應(yīng)該是看了看那些人臉上的神情。故選B。16A考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“溫和的”；B項意為“粗糙的”；C項意為“被迫的”；D項意為“低語的”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，每個人臉上都有很溫和的笑容。故選A。17D考查名詞辨析。A項意為“樹”；B項意為“工作”；C項意為“裝飾”；D項意為“卡片”。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“some Christmas cards”可判斷出，作者本想去幫助丈夫的奶奶做圣誕賀卡。故選D。18B考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“使翻轉(zhuǎn)”；B項意為“結(jié)果是”；C項意為“突然感到”；D項意為“不包括”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指結(jié)果卻是丈夫的奶奶幫助了作者。故選B。19A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“珍視”；B項意為“欽佩”；C項意為“鼓勵”；D項意為“認出”。語境表示，作者會一直珍視這種能給圣誕節(jié)帶來快樂的特別回憶。故選A。20C考查名詞辨析。A項意為“故事”；B項意為“臉”；C項意為“記憶”，D項意為“信”。根據(jù)上文中的“this special memory”及文章標題可知，此處指對丈夫的奶奶以及她那些朋友的美好回憶。故選C。二重點短語識記思考運用1動詞名詞介詞pay attention to注意do harm to對有害protect.from保護不受(危害)2介詞名詞in peace和平地；和睦地；安詳?shù)豬n danger (of)在危險中；垂危in relief如釋重負；松了口氣without mercy毫不憐憫地3其他形式die out滅亡；逐漸消失according to按照；根據(jù)所說so that以至于；結(jié)果；為了burst into laughter突然笑起來；大聲笑了出來e into being形成；產(chǎn)生用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1Then lay the tube in place so_that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.(2017全國卷)2Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according_to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.(2017全國卷)3California condors(兀鷹) attract researchers interest because they almost died_out in the 1980s.(2016北京卷)4Though he was at the edge of the cliff, he did not sense he was in_danger.5We dont exactly know when the universe came_into_being.“動詞out”短語薈萃hold out堅持下去set out出發(fā)，著手，擺放make out理解，看清楚e out出版，出來cut out刪去，切斷take out取出，去掉“e inton.”短語一覽e into power開始執(zhí)政e into effect/force開始生效，開始實行e into existence形成，產(chǎn)生，開始存在e into operation開始運轉(zhuǎn)，實施，生效e into use開始使用e into being形成；產(chǎn)生三佳句選粹在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests.這體現(xiàn)了野生動植物保護的重要性，不過，我還是想按照世界野生生物基金會的建議來幫助你們。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照像那樣”。suggest在此處意為“建議”。我們應(yīng)該按照該組織的建議來保護這一地區(qū)的珍稀動物。We should protect the rare animals in this area as_the_organization_suggests.2.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.他們是根據(jù)(恐龍)骨骼的連接方式了解到這一點的。the way是先行詞，后跟省略了 that/in which的定語從句。世界上很多國家的人們對日本人獵殺海豚的方式感到憤慨。The people in many countries in the world are angry with the_way_the_Japanese_kill the dolphins.3.This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.這是紅髯猴的唯一的家園，但是現(xiàn)在所剩無幾了?！皌here are very few left”是 there be 句型，其中l(wèi)eft作 few的定語。我們學(xué)校的報紙上有一個欄目叫“外國文化”。In the newspaper of our school there_is_a_column_called “Foreign Cultures”.【七選五】Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good!Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings.Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing.ATake a timeout.BBut the truth is，it happens to every teen.CWork out regularly to keep physically fit.DThis changing is needed for your bodys development.EIt will help you fall asleepand start the morning right.FHere are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.GUsually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了青少年如何應(yīng)對成長過程中的一些變化。1B由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空處在這里起承上啟下的作用，所以選B項。2D由空前一句可知，荷爾蒙的水平一直在不斷地改變，忽高忽低；D項中的“This changing”與空前的“change”相對應(yīng)，所以選D項。3F空前的“an emotional roller coaster”與F項中的“make the ride smoother”相對應(yīng)，且由下文列舉的幾個要點可知，F(xiàn)項符合文意。4A由本段中的“一些安靜的時間將使你集中精神，安靜下來”可知，A項正確。5E空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”與E項中的“It”對應(yīng)，空前的“when you wake up”與E項的“start the morning right”對應(yīng)；空前的“when you go to bed”與E項的“fall asleep”對應(yīng)。所以選E項。