小題夯基練1(全國卷，閱讀C節(jié)選)“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.Q：What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and white.CIt should keep up with the times.DIt changes every 50 years.解析：C根據(jù)節(jié)選第一段Moran說的“.jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”及節(jié)選第二段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，他認(rèn)為世界在變，爵士樂應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。故選C。2(全國卷，閱讀C節(jié)選)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The US.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.Q：What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?ADoubtful.BPositive.CDisapproving.DUncaring.解析：B觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以看出是四種不同的態(tài)度；A項(xiàng)懷疑；B項(xiàng)積極；C項(xiàng)不贊成；D項(xiàng)不關(guān)心(中立)。根據(jù)節(jié)選段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程很有價(jià)值，因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是積極肯定的。故選B項(xiàng)。3(2018·北京卷閱讀C)Plastic­Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co­author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon­carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”Q：What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo introduce the diet of a special worm.CTo present a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep eco­balance.解析：C作者通過本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。故選C項(xiàng)。4(2019·衡水二模，B)Don't wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on your goals，start helping others in need，and live life to the fullest！Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit my blog and find what you've been missing.Sign up for my newsletter(時(shí)事通訊)and get seven free e­books，too！Read hundreds of articles while you're there in the article section，which is updated daily.Q：This text must be taken from _.Aa radio programBa websiteCa newspaperDa TV program解析：B根據(jù)文中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞Visit my blog，e­books，Sign up，updated可知這篇文章選自網(wǎng)站。故選B。5(四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.Q：How does the author support the theme of the text?ABy giving examples.BBy stating arguments.CBy explaining statistical data.DBy providing research results.解析：D根據(jù)文章信息 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin.The study.involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.和Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content.可知，作者是通過列舉研究結(jié)果來支撐主題。故選D項(xiàng)。大題提能練AIndian actor Aamir Khan is sealing his major celebrity status in China with the cinema of social relevance.Aamir Khan was in China to promote his latest Hindi film Secret Superstar.During his weeklong stay，the Indian actor also found out that he has become a major celebrity in a country where Bollywood's reach has been traditionally limited.Some local analysts compare his stardom in China to that of Hollywood actors Tom Hanks，Tom Cruise and Leonardo Dicaprio.Others don't think Khan is an activist actor.Still others describe him as a feminist.The Chinese media seem to have settled for Mishu，or Uncle Aamir.The surprising rise in popularity of the 52­year­old Bollywood star is owing to his cinema of social relevance that Chinese moviegoers don't get enough of from their own industry as well as his savvy marketing and China outreach.At more than 1 million，Khan has the most followers for an Indian on Sina Weibo，the country's Twitter­like platform.Secret Superstar had made more than $63 million earlier this week.The story of a teenage Muslim girl's fight against ugly patriarchy to realize her dreams was released in China on Jan 19,2018.Last year，his film Dangal，inspired by the real journey of an Indian wrestler through a conservative landscape to turn his daughters into world­class athletes，had made nearly 1.3 billion yuan.In 2011，Khan's work first got major attention from Chinese moviegoers with Three Idiots，which was released in India much earlier.Film critics and fans alike recommended it to their friends.Some film critics say the education systems，gender discrimination and domestic violence (that Secret Superstar shows) are among clear similarities of social issues in India and China.The audience is also getting a bit bored with Hollywood films shown in China.While it's still early to estimate if Hollywood's influence on the Chinese market is on the wane，the local audience's appetite for diverse cinema is definitely on show and is helping Khan.語篇解讀 繼摔跤吧！爸爸之后，印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作神秘巨星在中國大火。那么，為什么他的每部作品都能在中國走紅呢？1How did Khan market his film wisely?ABy recommending it through film critics.BBy attracting followers on Sina Weibo.CBy posting film introductions on Twitter.DBy inviting Hollywood stars to advertise it.解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，他借助微博來推廣他的電影。2Why did Three Idiots win the hearts of Chinese audience?AIt reflects serious family violence.BIt is about a girl to achieve her success.CIt tells the education systems similar to that of China.DIt is adapted from a real story.解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話推知，三傻大鬧寶萊塢這部電影反映了與中國相似的教育制度，故受到中國觀眾的歡迎。3What is the common theme of Khan's film?ASocial issues.BRomantic love.CCruel wars.DFamily relationships.解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及第四段第一句推知，他的電影主題往往是社會問題。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?ABollywood replaces Hollywood on the Chinese market.BIt is often boring to watch Hollywood films.CHollywood films have lost the market in China.DChinese audience are developing a diverse appetite for films.解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，現(xiàn)在中國的觀眾形成了多種不同的電影文化口味。B(2019·大連高三一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，”Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度)of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，”Dobek says.Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or self­Growing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator(模擬裝置)allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，”Dobek said.“whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.”語篇解讀 該文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek設(shè)計(jì)太空站，并贏得挑戰(zhàn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。5Dobek first became interested in space when _.Ashe was still a seventh graderBshe studied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moon解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek對太空感興趣是從她在三年級時(shí)的一個(gè)晚上觀看一次月食開始的。6Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because _.Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsDshe was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對Dobek很了解，對其可以接受這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)并出色地完成充滿信心。7What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?AThe environment on Mars.BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts.解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計(jì)包含身體和休閑活動，讓宇航員在太空中也感到舒適。