Unit1 Living well.閱讀理解Whenitsfiveoclock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclockstellthemtheycouldgo.Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncellphonesandcomputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedworkscheduleshindercreativity.Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameetingfrom9amto10am,researchfrom10amtonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkaccordingtothelist,andeachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivitiesfromprojectplanning,holidayshopping,toyogabytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder “clocktime” vs “tasktime”.Theyfoundclock-timerstobemoreefficient(有效率的)butlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Task-timersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup.Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.Itllmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheclock-basedwork?A.Itmakesworkersverytired.B.Itremindsworkerstoleaveontime.C.Itmakesworkersawareoftheprecioustime.D.Itmayhaveabadeffectonthecreativity.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “hinder” inParagraph2mean?A.Block.B.Consider.C.Increase.D.Value.3.WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsaboutclocktimers?A.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup.B.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime.C.Theytendtobemoreproductive.D.Theycancontroltheirlives.4.Whatdotheresearcherssuggest?A.Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework.B.Itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.C.Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier.D.Ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation.閱讀七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Livingwithotherpeoplecanbedifficult,especiallywhenpeoplehavetheirownideasabouthowtheywanttolive.1.Takingafewsimplestepswillhelpyoushareyourlivingspaceharmoniously.Discussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.2.Thisappliestofinances,food,possessions,theuseofcommonareas,loudactivitiesorparties,quiethoursandsoon.Divideupresponsibilities.Makeaplantodivideupresponsibilitiesandchores(家常雜務(wù))betweenyouandyourroom-mate.Forexample,ifyourroom-mateisagoodcookandyouarenot,3.Itmayalsobeagoodideatosetupachoresschedule,whereyouwilltaketurnscleaningthebathroom,takingoutthetrashandsoon.4.Noteveryonehasthesameideasaboutday-to-daylivingasyoudo.Takeyourroom-matesfeelingsintoconsideration.Forinstance,ifyouredyingtothrowapartyonThursdaynightbutyourroom-matehasafinalearlythenextmorning,agreetopostponethepartytillFridayeveninginstead.Communicateeffectively.Communicationiskeyinmakingtherelationshipwork.Ifaproblemcomesup,itsbettertotalkaboutitrightawaythantoignoreit.Forexample,say “Chris,itupsetsmewhenIwakeuptofindallthemilkgone.Ifyouusethelastofsomething,canyoupleaseaddittothelist?”Ifyousimplycannotcommunicateopenlyandthereistensionallthetime,5.A.BepreparedtocompromiseB.Createaroom-mateagreementonInternetuseC.askhimorhertocookifyoullcleanupafterwardsD.youmayaswellfindanewroom-mateE.TalkaboutwhateachofyouneedsandwantsfromtheotherinadvanceF.PeoplemayhavedifferentreligiousorpoliticalviewsthatcouldcauseconflictG.Thoughhavingaroom-matecanbechallenging,itcanalsobeenjoyableandfun.完形填空Eventhoughweareprobablynotawareofit,onourpaththroughlife,wearesettinggoalsallthetime.However,manythingswillnotonlydependonhowfirmlywesetagoal,buthow1weactinachievingit.Astoryshowshowsmartactingcanturnaseemingly2crisis(危機)intoa(n)3.DuringRooseveltsthirdcampaignforpresident,millionsoffolderswiththepresidentscampaignspeechwere4.PeoplewhohadnochancetoseeandhearRooseveltlivewouldbeableto5it,hopefullylikeitand6him.Ofcourse,Rooseveltspicturewasonthefrontpage.Too7noonehadnoticedthatunderthepicturewasatinybut8name,GeorgeMoffett,whohadtakenthepicture.Bylaw,Moffettwouldhavehadtobeaskedfortherightto9thispicture.Asthecampaignmanagershad10todoso,thechoiceslookedhard:eithertoburnthemillionsoffolders,11losingthecampaign,andpaythehighpricetoprintnewfolderswitha12picture,oraskMoffettforbelatedpermission.Bothchoicesseemed13.Whatcouldtheydo?ItwasthecampaignbossGeorgePerkinswho14thetables.HesentatelegramtoMoffettwithagreat15tellinghimthatMrRooseveltscampaignteamwasplanningtoprintmillionsoffolderswithMrRoosevelts16.Itwouldforsurebeagreat17forthephoto-studiotouseapicturetakenbyMoffett.Howmuchwouldhebewillingto18forusingit?Moffettsaidhewouldpay$250.Rooseveltscampaignboss19.So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.The20?Thinkofthingsindifferentways. 1.A.quicklyB.carefullyC.bravelyD.wisely2.A.nationalB.terribleC.immediateD.personal3.A.gameB.challengeC.changeD.opportunity4.A.designedB.collectedC.printedD.ruined5.A.readB.admireC.watchD.keep6.A.waitforB.workforC.voteforD.standfor7.A.badB.lateC.hardD.strange8.A.obviousB.importantC.wonderfulD.frightening9.A.useB.drawC.shootD.show10.A.decidedB.refusedC.failedD.regretted11.A.enjoyingB.riskingC.finishingD.considering12.A.popularB.clearC.commonD.different13.A.expensiveB.possibleC.amusingD.helpful14.A.setB.turnedC.cleanedD.booked15.A.letterB.planC.offerD.success16.A.nameB.storyC.reportD.image17.A.advertisementB.managementC.achievementD.development18.A.askB.saveC.payD.charge19.A.acceptedB.ignoredC.arguedD.admitted20.A.powerB.excuseC.resultD.key課時作業(yè)(三十一).【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了兩種不同的工作計時方式的優(yōu)劣。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.”可知,作者認(rèn)為以時間為基礎(chǔ)的工作對工作的創(chuàng)造性有破壞性影響,與本段最后一句“Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedworkscheduleshindercreativity.”呼應(yīng),故選D。2.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.”可推知,既然有壞的影響,結(jié)合選項可知以時間為基礎(chǔ)的工作方式阻礙了人們在工作中的創(chuàng)造性,故選A。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theyfoundclock-timerstobemoreefficient(有效率的)butlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.”可知,TamarAvnet 和 Anne-LaureSellier的實驗表明,clock-timers更有效率,故選C。4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.”可知,在做更有創(chuàng)造性的工作時,以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的計時方式更好些,故選A。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了和室友和諧相處的方法和策略。1.G承接下文“Takingafewsimplestepswillhelpyoushareyourlivingspaceharmoniously.”可推知,盡管和他人同住一屋是充滿挑戰(zhàn)性的,但是和諧相處也是有可能的,所以選G選項。2.E與本段主題句“Discussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.”呼應(yīng)可推知,作者在此建議面對室友要開誠布公,提前講出自己對他人的要求,所以選E選項。3.C承接上文“Forexample,ifyourroom-mateisagoodcookandyouarenot” 并與本段的主題句“Divideupresponsibilities.”呼應(yīng)可推知,應(yīng)該做好分工,故選C選項。4.A承接下文“Noteveryonehasthesameideasaboutday-to-daylivingasyoudo.”并結(jié)合本段所列舉的例子可推知,同在一個屋檐下,有的時候要考慮對方的感受,學(xué)會商量和妥協(xié),所以選A選項。5.D承接上文“Ifyousimplycannotcommunicateopenlyandthereistensionallthetime”可推知,此處作者提出了應(yīng)對問題的新建議,與本文“如何與室友和諧相處”的主題呼應(yīng),所以選D選項。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,主要通過美國前總統(tǒng)羅斯福競選活動中發(fā)生的故事說明了一道理:要實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)有時需要有隨機應(yīng)變、處理突發(fā)事件的能力。1.D根據(jù)下文“Astoryshowshowsmartactingcanturnaseeminglycrisis(危機)intoa(n) ”可知,此處指巧妙地應(yīng)對,與下文“So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.”呼應(yīng),故選D。quickly迅速地;carefully小心地;bravely勇敢地;wisely聰明地,智慧地。2.B根據(jù)下文所講的競選故事可知,如果處理不當(dāng),有可能需要花費巨額的資金,即當(dāng)時的情況確實很糟糕,這與語境中crisis呼應(yīng),故選B。national國家的;terrible可怕的;immediate立刻,馬上;personal個人的。3.D根據(jù)下文“So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.”可知,巧妙應(yīng)對,危機會變成良機,故選D。game游戲;challenge挑戰(zhàn);change變化;opportunity機會。4.C根據(jù)下文“MrRooseveltscampaignteamwasplanningtoprintmillionsoffolders”可知,宣傳頁已經(jīng)印刷,故選C。design設(shè)計;collect收集;print印刷;ruin毀掉。5.A宣傳頁可以讓那些沒機會在現(xiàn)場看到并聆聽羅斯福演講的選民可以讀到他的演講,故選A。read閱讀;admire欽佩;watch觀看;keep保持。6.C根據(jù)語境hopefullylikeit可知,選民可能會喜歡羅斯福的演講,進而投票選舉他,故選C。waitfor等待;workfor為而工作;votefor投票;standfor代表。7.A根據(jù)下文事態(tài)的進展可知,糟糕的是,沒人注意到照片下方還有名字,故選A。bad壞的;late晚的,遲的;hard艱難的;strange奇怪的,陌生的。8.B根據(jù)下文“Bylaw,Moffettwouldhavehadtobeaskedfortherighttothispicture.”可知,攝影師的授權(quán)很重要,所以這個名字雖小,但相當(dāng)重要(important),故選B。obvious明顯的;important重要的;wonderful極好的,精彩的;frightening令人害怕的。9.A根據(jù)語境bylaw和right可知,要使用照片,得經(jīng)過攝影師授權(quán),故選A。use使用;draw拉,畫;shoot射擊;show展示,顯示。10.C根據(jù)語境“thechoiceslookedhard”可推知,競選經(jīng)理們未能獲得攝影師的授權(quán),故選C。decide決定;refuse拒絕;fail失敗;regret后悔。11.B冒著競選失敗的危險。故選B。enjoy喜歡,享受;risk冒險;finish完成;consider考慮,認(rèn)為。12.D根據(jù)語境printnewfolders可知,一種選擇就是冒著競選失敗的危險,換另一張不同的照片,支付昂貴的印刷費用去重新印刷宣傳頁,故選D。popular流行;clear清楚的;common共同的;different不同的。13.A根據(jù)上文“paythehighprice”可知,這些選擇的代價都很高昂,故選A。expensive昂貴的;possible可能的;amusing搞笑的;helpful有幫助的。14.B根據(jù)下文GeorgePerkins力挽狂瀾,扭轉(zhuǎn)不利局勢的做法可知,他扭轉(zhuǎn)了局面,故選B。turnthetables意為 “扭轉(zhuǎn)局面”。set設(shè)置;turn轉(zhuǎn)動;clean打掃;book預(yù)訂。15.CGeorgePerkins告訴攝影師他可以借羅斯福的競選來做廣告宣傳自己,這是一個很有價值的提議,故選C。letter信,字母;plan計劃;offer主動提議;success成功。16.D根據(jù)下文的“useapicture”可知,宣傳頁上要印羅斯福的照片,故選D。name名字;story故事;report報道;image形象,畫像。17.A大量的宣傳頁被印刷,本身就是一種宣傳和廣告效應(yīng),故選A。advertisement廣告;management管理;achievement成就;development發(fā)展。18.C根據(jù)下文“Moffettsaidhewouldpay$250.”可知,GeorgePerkins告訴Moffett這是一個非常好的廣告機會,并問Moffett他愿出價多少,故選C。ask問;save節(jié)省,拯救;pay支付;charge收費。19.A根據(jù)上文可知,Moffett答應(yīng)出250美元,GeorgePerkins表示接受,這樣難題也就解決了,故選A。accept接受;ignore忽略;argue爭論;admit承認(rèn)。20.D根據(jù)上文的小故事可知,難題得到解決的關(guān)鍵是換一個角度思考問題,故選D。power力量,權(quán)力;excuse借口;result結(jié)果;key鑰匙,關(guān)鍵。