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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 一、閱讀理解。 The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have weled coffee for its supposed benefits to health. According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease. According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people. According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues. Until the scientific munity reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks. When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們對(duì)咖啡是否有益于身體健康的幾種不同觀點(diǎn)。 1．What is the people’s attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1? A．Disapproving.　　　　　　　　 B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Mixed. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，長(zhǎng)期以來，飲用咖啡是否對(duì)健康有影響一直是有爭(zhēng)議的、不確定的。一些人認(rèn)為咖啡有害于健康，一些人則認(rèn)為其有益于健康。D項(xiàng)意為“混合的，混雜的”，符合題意，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Personal. B．Slight. C．Reasonable. D．Heavy. C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ess than 4 cups”可知，飲用的咖啡不超過4杯；據(jù)此可以判斷，該句是說，每天攝入適量的咖啡因?qū)ι眢w無害。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞意為“適度的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．What can we infer about Harwood? A．He’ll keep on drinking coffee. B．He loves his high school life. C．He often falls asleep in class. D．He has some health problems. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，Harwood認(rèn)為，盡管喝咖啡可能會(huì)帶來一些負(fù)面影響，但大多數(shù)情況下，喝咖啡對(duì)健康有好處；更不用說，他需要咖啡來保持清醒。據(jù)此可以推斷，他將繼續(xù)喝咖啡，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why People Love Coffee? B．How Coffee Affects Health? C．The Culture of Coffee Drinking D．The New Findings of Heart Disease B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了人們對(duì)咖啡是否有益于身體健康的不同說法。有人認(rèn)為適量飲用咖啡有益身體健康，有人卻認(rèn)為過量飲用咖啡會(huì)增加心臟病的發(fā)病率。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever　whoever “無論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyone who。 2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director. 答案：to　be fundamental to ... “……是……的基礎(chǔ)”。 3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。 4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of. 答案：puzzling　此處形容詞puzzling “令人困惑的”作表語，描述主語paintings的本質(zhì)特征。 5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案：There　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。 6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public. 答案：harmful　此處形容詞harmful “有害的”作表語。 7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light. 答案：to block　此處動(dòng)詞不定式短語to block out作目的狀語。 8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高興，(使)振作起來”。 9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)． 答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案：Unlike　根據(jù)語意可知，“并不像”你所猜測(cè)的那樣，故填Unlike，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 三、完形填空。 The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the most __1__ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKees life：the Kernot School Concert.She stood __2__ the curtain with her schoolmates.Yet she was not __3__ because everyone had been practicing for weeks and knew their __4__ by heart. Being in a remote country town，Patricia knew that everyone would __5__ for the big occasion－everyone！Yet，it was this awareness that added a sense of __6__ to her excitement.There were two people who couldnt be in that __7__ that night—her mum and dad. Patricias parents __8__ the local general store，which was __9__ for business 24 hours.So it was simply __10__ that Mum and Dad could never attend munity activities.It had been this way with her sister，so why should it be any __11__ for her? Still，Patricia couldnt help __12__ that her parents could be there to see her on such a special day，so she decided to __13__ the subject with her mother.__14__，she had to face the facts.At such a young age，Patricia couldnt really understand the deep __15__ in her mothers response：“Ill try to be there，sweetheart，but you know how __16__ it is for us to get away from the store.” Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the __17__ of her life.There，sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big smile on her face! This powerful image __18__ one of Patricias most treasured memories.“Words cannot express the pure joy we both __19__ at that moment，” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遺產(chǎn)) theyve left us：when someone really __20__ you，be there for them. 1．A.difficult　　　　　　B．important C．sad D．perfect 2．A.before B．under C．beside D．behind 3．A.excited B．moved C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lost 4．A.parts B．relations C．jobs D．forms 5．A.join up B．prepare C．drop in D．turn out 6．A.happiness B．sadness C．willingness D．eagerness 7．A.audience B．store C．play D．movie 8．A.bought B．got C．sold D．ran 9．A.easy B．open C．still D．closed 10．A.recognized B．denied C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．incredible 11．A.different B．satisfied C．personal D．wise 12．A.thinking B．talking C．learning D．wishing 13．A.hand in B．go through C．bring up D．put away 14．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Obviously D．Sadly 15．A.pain B．meaning C．understanding D．thought 16．A.awful B．hard C．troublesome D．thankful 17．A.blow B．wonder C．person D．surprise 18．A.remained B．left C．took D．a(chǎn)ffected 19．A.wanted B．experienced C．made D．forgot 20．A.hates B．loves C．cares D．needs 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。父母因忙于看店無法去看Patricia McKee的演出，所以當(dāng)Patricia突然看到母親出現(xiàn)在演出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，她非常驚訝。這一刻成了她一生的回憶。文章通過這件事告訴我們：當(dāng)別人需要你時(shí)，請(qǐng)陪在他們身邊。 1．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段中的“the big occasion”以及常識(shí)可知，對(duì)于五歲的Patricia來說，那天是一個(gè)重要的日子。B項(xiàng)意為“重要的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“困難的”；C項(xiàng)意為“悲傷的”；D項(xiàng)意為“完美的”，均與語境不符。故選B。 2．D　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)及第五段第一句“Yet as the curtain slowly opened”可知，出場(chǎng)前Patricia和她的同學(xué)站在幕布的后面。D項(xiàng)意為“在……的后面”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“在……面前”；B項(xiàng)意為“在……下面”；C項(xiàng)意為“在……旁邊”，均與語境不符。故選D。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“because everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，所有人都排練了幾個(gè)星期，所以她不害怕。C項(xiàng)意為“害怕的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“興奮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“感動(dòng)的”；D項(xiàng)意為“迷惘的，困惑的”，均與語境不符。故選C。 4．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，排練了幾個(gè)星期，每個(gè)人都記熟了自己的臺(tái)詞和動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)意為“角色，臺(tái)詞和動(dòng)作”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”；C項(xiàng)意為“工作”；D項(xiàng)意為“形式”，均與語境不符。故選A。 5．D　考查動(dòng)詞(短語)辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，所有人都會(huì)出席這個(gè)盛大的活動(dòng)。D項(xiàng)意為“出席，參加”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“連接，聯(lián)合起來”；B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“落進(jìn)，順便拜訪”，均與語境不符。故選D。 6．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下一句內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)楦改覆荒軄碛^看演出，所以Patricia在興奮的同時(shí)又有些難過。B項(xiàng)意為“悲傷，難過”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“幸?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“樂意”；D項(xiàng)意為“渴望”，均與語境不符。故選B。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段內(nèi)容可知，此處指Patricia的父母親不能在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)當(dāng)她的觀眾。A項(xiàng)意為“觀眾，聽眾”，符合語境。故選A。 8．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后面的賓語“the local general store”可知，此處指Patricia的父母在當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)營(yíng)一家雜貨店。D項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)，參加，跑”，符合語境。故選D。 9．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后面的“for business 24 hours”可知，這個(gè)雜貨店24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。B項(xiàng)意為“開放的，營(yíng)業(yè)的”，符合語境。故選B。 10．C　考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，她的父母經(jīng)營(yíng)一家24小時(shí)都營(yíng)業(yè)的商店，所以她的父母從不參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)是可以接受的。C項(xiàng)意為“公認(rèn)可接受的，被認(rèn)可的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“辨認(rèn)出”；B項(xiàng)意為“否認(rèn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“極好的，難以置信的”，均與語境不符。故選C。 11．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句“It had been this way with her sister”可知，父母也沒有參加過姐姐的活動(dòng)，所以對(duì)她不會(huì)有所不同。A項(xiàng)意為“不同的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“滿意的”；C項(xiàng)意為“個(gè)人的”；D項(xiàng)意為“明智的”，均與語境不符。故選A。 12．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Still”和“her parents could be there”可知，雖然如此，Patricia還是忍不住希望她的父母親能來看她演出。D項(xiàng)意為“希望”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“想，認(rèn)為”；B項(xiàng)意為“談?wù)摗?；C項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)習(xí)”，均與語境不符。故選D。 13．C　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上文提到的Patricia希望她的父母能來看她演出和空格后面的賓語“the subject with her mother”可知，此處指Patricia決定向母親提出這個(gè)話題。C項(xiàng)意為“提出”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“上交”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)歷”；D項(xiàng)意為“把……收起來”，均與語境不符。故選C。 14．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“she had to face the facts”以及下文母親的回答可知，她的母親并不確定能不能參加，所以很遺憾她只能接受這個(gè)事實(shí)。D項(xiàng)意為“不幸地，說來遺憾”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“驚訝地”；B項(xiàng)意為“高興地”；C項(xiàng)意為“明顯地”，均與語境不符。故選D。 15．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及后來母親出現(xiàn)在觀眾席里可知，母親想?yún)⒓优畠旱幕顒?dòng)卻抽不出時(shí)間，她也很痛苦，但五歲的Patricia并不理解這種痛苦。A項(xiàng)意為“痛苦”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“意思”；C項(xiàng)意為“理解”；D項(xiàng)意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A。 16．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文提及的24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)商店可知，她的父母親離開商店是一件很困難的事情。B項(xiàng)意為“困難的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“可怕的”；C項(xiàng)意為“麻煩的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感激的”，均與語境不符。故選B。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文母親的回答可知，母親觀看Patricia的演出的可能性不大，所以當(dāng)Patricia看到臺(tái)下的母親時(shí)，那真的是她人生中的驚喜。D項(xiàng)意為“驚喜，意想不到的事”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“打擊”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇跡”；C項(xiàng)意為“人”，均與語境不符。故選D。 18．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，母親的出現(xiàn)對(duì)Patricia來說是一個(gè)很大的驚喜，所以這一幕成為Patricia最珍貴的記憶之一。A項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)，依然”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“離開”；C項(xiàng)意為“拿走”；D項(xiàng)意為“影響”，均與語境不符。故選A。 19．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！皐e both ________ at that moment”是省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which的定語從句，先行詞the pure joy在從句中作空格處所填詞的賓語。句意為Patricia說：“沒有言語能表達(dá)出我們?cè)谀且豢趟w會(huì)到的那種純粹的快樂?！盉項(xiàng)意為“體會(huì)，感受”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“想要”；C項(xiàng)意為“使得，制造”；D項(xiàng)意為“忘記”，均與語境不符。故選B。 20．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。通讀全文可知，文章通過 Patricia的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：當(dāng)別人真正需要你時(shí)，要陪伴在他們的身邊。D項(xiàng)意為“需要”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“憎恨”；B項(xiàng)意為“愛”；C項(xiàng)意為“在乎”，均與語境不符。故選D。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→in　in time for ... “及時(shí)趕上了……”。 2．It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→down　break down “出故障”。 3．She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：of→to　give birth to “分娩；產(chǎn)生”。 4．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out后加for　watch out for sth. “當(dāng)心/密切注意某物”。 5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one. _____________________________________________________ 答案：bigger→big　在比較等級(jí)的表達(dá)方式中“as ... as”中，應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。 五、短文改錯(cuò) I felt delighted to be informed the news that I would be our Student Unions next minister of health.Therefore，when I calmed down，I began to realize what challenging the job would be.I can still remember the first time I hold a meeting with all the members，that was a real challenge for me.With so many eyes fixing on me，I struggled to speak as my face and ears turned plete red.I had never felt so nervous ago. Although I went through a series of difficulty, I gained a lot as well—a plenty of new friends，the ability to municate and an improvement in my organizational skills. 【答案】 I felt delighted to be informed the news that I would be our Student Unions next minister of health.，when I calmed down，I began to realize challenging the job would be.I can still remember the first time I a meeting with all the members， was a real challenge for me.With so many eyes on me，I struggled to speak as my face and ears turned red.I had never felt so nervous . Although I went through a series of ， I gained a lot as well— plenty of new friends，the ability to municate and an improvement in my organizational skills. 第一處：考查固定搭配。be informed of/about為固定搭配，意為“被告知……”。 第二處：考查副詞。句意為：然而，當(dāng)我平靜下來后，我開始意識(shí)到這份工作多么具有挑戰(zhàn)性。根據(jù)句意可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 第三處：考查感嘆句。How引導(dǎo)感嘆句的句型為“how＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語”；此處是修飾形容詞“challenging”，應(yīng)用how。 第四處：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境可判斷出，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，描述發(fā)生過的事情。 第五處：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是“I hold a meeting with all the members”，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。 第六處：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處指很多雙眼睛聚焦在“我”身上，“eyes”和fix之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。 第七處：考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞“red”。 第八處：考查副詞辨析。句意為：以前我從沒覺得這么緊張。ago常跟一般過去時(shí)態(tài)連用，與語境不符。根據(jù)句中的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用before。 第九處：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意為：盡管我經(jīng)歷了一系列困難的事情。此處difficulty是抽象名詞具體化，意為“困難的事情”，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第十處：考查固定搭配。plenty of為固定搭配，意為“大量，許多”。