Unit 4Body language【短文語(yǔ)法填空】Chengdu has been making a name for itself in Western countries in recent years，as the city has moved to 1. (strength) its cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.Chengdu Week 2. (host) in Madrid in January as a major activity of the 2017 Happy Spring Festival in Spain, 3. is an annual event held by the Chinese embassy in Spain to celebrate 4. traditional Spring Festival holiday with overseas Chinese, locals and other visitors.It was the first time that the Chinese embassy had 5. (patient) introduced a city to the traditional Lunar New Year celebration.During the festival, classic regional art forms such as paper cutting, shadow plays and face changing opera performances were 6. display at the famous Plaza Mayor in Madrid.“The performances(表演) are so 7. (amaze) that I want to buy a ticket to Chengdu right now，” said Manuela Carmena, mayor of Madrid, during the event.Mayor Carmena said that the two cities shared 8. (similar) in many aspects and she hoped two cities could have 9. (far) exchanges than before in tourism and culture.Chengdu has bee more closely tied to Spain since a direct flight between Madrid 10. Chengdu was launched on December 17.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】近年來(lái)，成都通過(guò)文化交流，大大提升了在世界上的影響力。本文介紹了2017年春節(jié)期間在西班牙舉辦的成都(文化)周，剪紙、皮影戲和變臉等傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)或表演引起了轟動(dòng)。1strengthen解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：因?yàn)檫@座城市已經(jīng)采取行動(dòng)來(lái)加強(qiáng)其與世界其他地區(qū)的文化交流。空后是名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此處用動(dòng)詞，和空前的to構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故填strengthen。2was hosted解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)Chengdu Week之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in January可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was hosted。3which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Happy Spring Festival，指物，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)該從句。4the解析：考查冠詞。此處特指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)的中國(guó)春節(jié)假期，故用定冠詞the。5patiently解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞introduced，作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞。故填patiently。6on解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在節(jié)日期間，經(jīng)典的地方藝術(shù)形式如剪紙、皮影戲和變臉表演均在馬德里著名的馬約爾廣場(chǎng)進(jìn)行。on display為固定搭配，意為“展覽；展出”。7amazing解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在系動(dòng)詞are后作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為The performances(表演)，前有副詞so修飾，所以用amazing，意為“驚人的；了不起的”。8similarities解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：卡梅納市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)兩個(gè)城市在很多方面有相似點(diǎn)，她希望兩個(gè)城市能夠在旅游業(yè)和文化方面有比以往更深入的交流。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞shared的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞：similarity為可數(shù)名詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9further解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的標(biāo)志詞than可知，此處用比較級(jí)。10and解析：考查連詞。between.and.為固定搭配，意為“在和之間”。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P98)一高考單詞識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用1核心詞匯_represent_ vt.代表；象征_approach_ vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途徑_ease_ n. 安逸；舒適vt. 減輕痛苦、憂慮_defend_ vt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)_function_ n作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)curious adj.好奇的 _curiously_ adv.好奇地 _curiosity_ n好奇心greet vt.&vi.迎接；問候；映入的眼簾 _greeting_ n問候misunderstand vt.誤解；誤會(huì) _misunderstanding_ n誤解；誤會(huì)likely adj.可能的 _unlikely_ adj.不可能的2?？荚~匯dash vi. _猛沖；突進(jìn)_flight n. _飛行；航班_false adj. _錯(cuò)誤的；假的_subjective adj. _主觀的_hug vt.&vi. _擁抱_rank n. _等級(jí)；軍銜_adult n. _成人；成年人_adj. _成人的；成熟的_statement n. _陳述；說(shuō)明_state vt. _陳述；說(shuō)明_association n. _社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想_associate vt. _聯(lián)系_major adj. _主要的_majority n. _大多數(shù)_用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming _represents_ (represent) an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017江蘇卷)2This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals _Associate_ (association) Director，Wang Xiaoying.(2017全國(guó)卷)3Deer and elk populations_major_ (majority) food sources (來(lái)源) for the wolfgrew rapidly.(2017全國(guó)卷)4Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will _likely_ (like) rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.(2017全國(guó)卷)5We require the students full flight _detail_ (detail) at least 4 weeks in advance.(2016天津卷)6_Approaching_ (approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.(2016全國(guó)卷)7Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they know how to offer help to _adults_ (adult)(2016江蘇卷)8Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body _functions_ (function)(2016四川卷)“主要的；重要的”形容詞家族major 主要的，重要的main 主要的chief 首要的primary 主要的，首要的important 重要的，重大的leading 重要的，首位的principle 主要的，首要的vital 極其重要的significant 意義重大的后綴ly構(gòu)成的形容詞集錦likely 可能的brotherly 兄弟般的costly 昂貴的daily 日常的friendly 友好的lively 活潑的manly 有男子氣概的lovely 可愛的orderly 整潔的weekly 每周的常見“人體部位及器官”名詞薈萃cheek 臉頰forehead 額頭chest 胸部shoulder 肩膀throat 喉嚨tongue 舌頭lung 肺liver 肝臟【完形填空】Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally _1_ and felt I was suddenly placed under _2_ of death with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)After careful thought，I _3_ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and _4_ the long climb back.It was another year _5_ I made it.I speak of this experience because these past years have _6_ me what to value and what to believe.I _7_ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蠣)to be opened but my _8_ to be grasped.Ive also learned that its necessary to _9_ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would _10_ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the _11_ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the _12_ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，_13_，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like _14_ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.Frequently，I _15_ myself that I need make notes of this _16_.Im living in now，because in it Im well，_17_，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，_18_ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I _19_ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people e to this _20_ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier.1A.confusedBshockedCdetermined Dannoyed2A.trial BpressureCsentence Dcontrol3A.made up Bset upCtook up Dcleared up4A.recalled BbeganCavoided Daccepted5A.when BafterCsince Dbefore6A.assigned BtaughtCtreated Dassured7A.admit BdemandCexpect Drealize8A.knowledge BopportunityCattention Dpoint9A.dismiss BlistCdefine Dappreciate10A.notice BrecordCremember Dtrack11A.shadow BshakeCplay Dfeeling12A.damaged BrecoveredCfaded Dchanged13A.in contrast Bin returnCfor instance Dby chance14A.maintaining BregainingCdiscovering Dforgetting15A.remind BpromiseCadvise Dconvince16A.country BmomentCmemory Dinspiration17A.pleased BcourageousCconfident Dstrong18A.meanwhile BotherwiseChowever Dtherefore19A.apply BoweCcontribute Dadapt20A.awareness BagreementCment Dpromise【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場(chǎng)重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對(duì)自己當(dāng)下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。1B根據(jù)上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，當(dāng)被告知自己的肺部出了問題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時(shí)作者感到非常震驚(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。2C作者突然覺得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判處死刑”。3D仔細(xì)思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語(yǔ)境。make up“組成，編造”；set up“設(shè)立”；take up“開始從事，占據(jù)”。4B兩年后，作者離開了病床，開始(began)了漫長(zhǎng)的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的“攀登”。recall“回憶起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。5D過(guò)了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is一段時(shí)間before.是固定句型，意為“過(guò)了才/就”。6B作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因?yàn)槟切┻^(guò)去的歲月教會(huì)(taught)了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使確信”。7D現(xiàn)在作者意識(shí)到(realize)這個(gè)世界不是等待他去打開的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機(jī)會(huì)。admit“承認(rèn)”；expect“期待，期望”。8B參見上題解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知識(shí)”；attention“注意力”；point“觀點(diǎn)”。9D作者也學(xué)會(huì)了欣賞(appreciate)那些不起眼的但卻很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過(guò)自己會(huì)去注意這些東西。dismiss“不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；list“列舉”； define“給下定義，解釋”。10. A參見上題解析。notice“注意到”；record“記錄”；remember“記得”；track“跟蹤”。11C根據(jù)上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem nowto hear and see”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是作者以前不會(huì)注意到的東西。play“輕快變幻的動(dòng)作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on water“陽(yáng)光在水面上的閃爍”。12B作者重新找回了童年時(shí)期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered“重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語(yǔ)境。13C比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合語(yǔ)境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作為回報(bào)”；by chance“偶然地”。14B這就像在一個(gè)差點(diǎn)失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain“重新得到”和下文的“l(fā)ost”相對(duì)應(yīng)。maintain“維持”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”。15A作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個(gè)自己現(xiàn)在生活的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)榛钤诖丝?，作者是健康且快樂的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。promise“許諾，允諾”；convince“使相信”。16B參見上題解析。moment“時(shí)刻”；inspiration“靈感”。17A參見第15題解析。pleased“快樂的，高興的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。18D它不會(huì)總是如這般存在，因此作者會(huì)充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”；otherwise“否則”；however“然而”。19B作者將這一切都?xì)w功于他臥病在床的那段漫長(zhǎng)時(shí)光。owe.to.“把歸功于”，是固定用法。20A更有智慧的人無(wú)需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness“意識(shí)，明白”符合語(yǔ)境。promise“妥協(xié)”。二重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用1動(dòng)詞介詞/副詞put _up_ 舉起；升起；搭建；留宿defend. _against_ 防御；保衛(wèi)以免受2介詞名詞_at_ ease 舒適；快活；自由自在_in_ general總的來(lái)說(shuō)；通常_on_ the contrary相反地3其他形式_as_ if 好像_lose_ face 丟臉be _likely_ to 很可能；有希望turn ones _back_ to 背對(duì)；背棄as _well_ as 和一樣好；而且；也；和用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1Others say we can just “switch them off” _as if_ super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.(2017北京卷)2They help the body _defend_ itself _against_ some kinds of infections.(2016四川卷)3Though heavy rains may relieve the drought in California，they _are likely to_ cause surface flooding and other disasters.(2016江蘇卷)4_In general_，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.(2016四川卷)5You say he is easygoing，but I never feel _at ease_ with him.“inn.”必備短語(yǔ)一覽in general 總的來(lái)說(shuō)；通常in addition 另外，加之in advance 預(yù)先，事先in brief 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)in mon 共用的，共有的in debt 欠債，欠情in difficulty 處境困難in hand 在進(jìn)行中，待辦理in person 親自，本人in time 及時(shí)“on then.”必備短語(yǔ)薈萃on the contrary 相反on the march 在游行，在行軍on the spot 在場(chǎng)，馬上on the whole 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，大體上on the other hand 另一方面三佳句選粹在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是來(lái)自哥倫比亞的托尼加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國(guó)的朱莉婭史密斯。the first/last(one/person) to do sth.意為“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)做某事的人”。中國(guó)女排主教練郎平成為第一位既以運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身份又作為教練獲得女排奧運(yùn)冠軍的人。Lang Ping，head coach of the Chinese womens volleyball team，has bee _the first to win gold medals_ at the Olympics both as a coach and player.2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各種文化背景下的人互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距的程度也并不一樣。not all“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。并不是所有人都愿意做這樣的工作，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)于有些人來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。_Not all are willing to do such work_，for it is quite hard for some of them.3.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.不過(guò)，來(lái)自西班牙、意大利或南美等國(guó)的人會(huì)站在離別人很近的地方，而且可能會(huì)(用身體)接觸對(duì)方。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你很有可能考入理想的大學(xué)。If you study hard，you _are likely to be admitted to_ your dreaming university.【七選五】How to run international meetingsAs more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries.Stick to the scheduleWhere：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not municating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，SingaporeDebating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.Enjoy the interruptionsWhere：Italy，F(xiàn)rance，SpainWhen Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues thereand in some parts of Franceattend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.Please，no small talkWhere：Finland，SwedenIn places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time.In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting.ANot so in these countries.BGermans and Austrians are similar.CDont even think about a brainstorm.DTheres often no way to tell how things are going.EDont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else.FWhat do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context?GFor Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了在不同國(guó)家如何成功地召開會(huì)議。1A空處前兩句介紹了常見的會(huì)議情況：時(shí)間安排松散，開會(huì)不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，總是重復(fù)；結(jié)合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意會(huì)議的細(xì)節(jié)，并在數(shù)天前就做好準(zhǔn)備。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說(shuō)明并非所有的國(guó)家在開會(huì)時(shí)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述的情況：時(shí)間安排松散，開會(huì)不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，總是重復(fù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。2B根據(jù)該部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，該部分主要介紹德國(guó)、奧地利和日本的開會(huì)習(xí)慣；空前一句已經(jīng)介紹了日本的情況，結(jié)合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often. efficiently.”可知，空處及下一句介紹德國(guó)和奧地利的開會(huì)習(xí)慣，故B項(xiàng)正確。3C根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處為該部分標(biāo)題，是該部分的主旨；通讀該部分可知，該部分第一句介紹了在中國(guó)開會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真討論，以防發(fā)生尷尬，第二句介紹在開會(huì)時(shí)不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潛在的錯(cuò)誤；據(jù)此可知，該部分主要介紹要嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真地討論會(huì)議議題，就事論事，不需要在開會(huì)前有什么“頭腦風(fēng)暴”，故C項(xiàng)正確。4G根據(jù)上文中的“When Pascal Soboll.”和“Rather than. attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法國(guó)人和西班牙人開會(huì)很隨意，G項(xiàng)中的“Soboll”與該處相對(duì)應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)正確。5E根據(jù)該部分標(biāo)題“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，選E項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)中的“them”與“l(fā)ong pauses”對(duì)應(yīng)。