Unit 2The United Kingdom【短文語法填空】On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1. (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2. rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3. (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, 4. (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5. (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6. the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.7 (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8. ， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9. she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10. (confident)【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講述了一名老師通過努力制定課堂規(guī)則，最終感化學(xué)生的故事。1had quit(ted)解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老師辭職。根據(jù)語境，quit 的動作發(fā)生在 was told 之前，即“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填 had quit(ted)。2the解析：考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)她走進(jìn)教室的時候，教室里一片混亂：兩個男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本沒注意到他們；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到處跑，到處都是紙、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 為固定短語，意為“其余的”。故填 the。3left解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意見上一題解析。此處為“with賓語賓補”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語為 paper, food packages and other garbage，與動詞 leave 之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補。故填 left。4picked解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：薩莉走上講臺，拿起一支粉筆在黑板上寫下：“規(guī)則1：我們是一家人！”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處與 walked 和 wrote 為并列的謂語動詞，因此，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填 picked。5to look解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：所有學(xué)生都停下來看著她。此處指學(xué)生停下正在做的事情來看她，stop to do sth. 意為“停下來去做某事”。故填to look。6on/onto解析：考查介詞。句意：接下來的幾周，薩莉制定了10條班級規(guī)則，并把它們張貼在教室的墻上。post.on/onto.意為“把張貼在上”，故填 on 或 onto。7Surprisingly解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：令人驚訝的是，薩莉并沒有像之前的老師那樣被趕走，反而贏得了學(xué)生們的尊重。設(shè)空處在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子，應(yīng)用副詞。故填 Surprisingly。8instead解析：考查副詞。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句意可知，上下文是對比關(guān)系，設(shè)空處表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。9as解析：考查定語從句。句意：在畢業(yè)典禮上，正如她所期待的那樣，她非常自豪地與一個細(xì)心、禮貌并且自信的班級站在一起。本句是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾整個句子，且位于句首，根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處表示“正如”。故填 as。10confidence解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見上一題解析。設(shè)空處作介詞 of 的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填 confidence。convenience n便利；方便；便利的人(事物)(1)for the convenience of.為了方便for(the sake of)convenience 為了方便起見at ones convenience 在方便時；在適宜的地點(2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事(教材原句)England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格蘭是四個國家中最大的，為方便起見，它大體上分成三個區(qū)。Please reply _at_ your earliest convenience.請在您方便時盡早答復(fù)。Its a great _convenience_ (convenient) to live here._At_ my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient _to/for_ my wife._It_ is convenient for my son to go to school，for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is _convenient_ (convenience) to/for you，be sure to e to get together.住在這里真方便。我可以抽空去參觀我所鐘愛的幾家博物館。我妻子購物很方便。我兒子上學(xué)也很方便，因為距學(xué)校只有兩個街區(qū)的距離。要是你周日有空，一定要來聚一聚。(1)convenience 意為“方便；便利”時，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“便利的事物；便利設(shè)施”講時為可數(shù)名詞。(2)convenient 作表語用時，主語不能是人，常用于It is convenient for sb.to do sth.句型。attract vt.吸引；引起(1)attract ones attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力be attracted by 被所吸引attract sb.to sth.吸引某人關(guān)注某事(2)attraction n有趣的東西；吸引人之物have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb.對某人具有/沒有/有一點/很有吸引力(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起興趣的be attractive to 對有吸引力(教材原句)It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.可惜的是，這些建于19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)城市不吸引游客。(2016四川卷)Even the youngest children in the class _were attracted_ (attract) by the story.甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。The scenery is so _attractive_ (attract)that it _attracts_ (attract) many tourists attention every year，and it will keep on holding much _attraction_ (attract) for more travellers.這里的風(fēng)景如此迷人以至于每年都吸引了很多游客的注意力并且將持續(xù)吸引更多的游客。單句語法填空(2017北京卷)TOKNOW makes plex ideas _attractive_ (attract) and accessible to children, who can bee involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲學(xué))arrange v籌備；安排；整理；布置；排列(1)arrange sth.for sb.為某人安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事；約定做某事arrange with sb.to do sth.與某人約定做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事arrange that.商定；安排(2)arrangement n安排，籌備make arrangements for.安排(教材原句)They had no time to arrange their own wedding，so they had it organized by a pany.他們沒有時間籌備自己的婚禮，因此他們讓一家公司代為組織。Its not necessary for parents to arrange everything _for_ their children.父母沒有必要為孩子安排好一切。They made _arrangements_ (arrange) for our journey to Rome.他們?yōu)槲覀兊搅_馬去的旅行籌備一切。單句語法填空(2017全國卷)Last year, Moran worked on a project that _arranged_ (arrange) Fats Wallers music for a dance party.(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.。(2)make arrangements(for sth./for sb.to do sth.)中的arrangement常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)arrange后接that從句時，從句用“should動詞原形”。delight n快樂；高興；喜悅vt.& vi.(使)高興，(使)欣喜(1) 使某人(大為)高興的是take/find/have delight in(doing)sth.以(做)為樂with/in delight 高興地It is a delight to do sth.做某事是一件令人愉快的事(2)delight sb.with sth.用某物取悅某人(3)delighted adj.高興的，快樂的be delighted(4)delightful adj.令人愉快的，宜人的(教材原句)Her first delight was going to the Tower.她最想先參觀的地方是倫敦塔。Much _to_ my delight，my son _delights_ (delight) in learning English.He _is delighted_ (delight) to listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again.Yesterday he came home _with_ delight and _delighted_ (delight) me with the good news that he won the first place in an English petition.很讓我高興的是，兒子喜歡學(xué)英語了。他喜歡聽英語歌曲并且一遍又一遍地跟著唱。昨天他很高興地回到家并且告訴了我一條讓我高興的消息他在一場英語競賽中獲得第一名。(2016全國卷)I _was delighted_ (delight) at the _presence_ (present) of such a student. 我對這樣的學(xué)生的到場而高興。【七選五】The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 1 But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.1. If youre obese, blame your genes. 2 Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2. If youre obese, you lack self-control.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet. 3 Even the most vigilant(警覺的) people may not be good controllers of themselves.3. 4 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the food deserts, about 65 percent of the nations population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we dont exercise.Michelle Obamas Lets Move campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. 5 In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.B. Obesity rates have increased.C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity.D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s.E. People hold different views on obesity.F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.G. Our world has bee so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we cant understand.【語篇解讀】肥胖是現(xiàn)代社會的主要問題之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一書中，作者介紹了人們對肥胖問題的幾種誤解。1.E 【解析】根據(jù)下句由轉(zhuǎn)折意義的內(nèi)容But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.（但該書認(rèn)為下面幾點是關(guān)于肥胖的幾點誤解）可知，人們對肥胖問題觀點不一，故E項正確。2.B 【解析】根據(jù)下句內(nèi)容Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.（然而，在1980年到2000年，美國肥胖的人數(shù)就翻了一番。該速度太快，可見肥胖并非遺傳因素所致）可知，此處表示肥胖比例有所增加，故B項正確。3.G 【解析】根據(jù)上句Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.（研究表明，如果我們面臨太多信息，我們很可能會就節(jié)食作出糟糕的選擇）可知，該句應(yīng)表示我們現(xiàn)在的食物如此豐富以致于我們會被引導(dǎo)以自己難以想象的方式去消耗食物，故選G項。5.D 【解析】根據(jù)下句although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.（盡管跟工作相關(guān)的體力活動減少導(dǎo)致人們少燃燒多達(dá)100卡路里，但休閑體力活動似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世紀(jì)八十年代和九十年代，人們的體力活動并未明顯減少，故選D項。consist of 由組成(1)由組成(2)consist inlie in 存在于；在于consist with 與一致/相符(3)consistent adj.相容的；一致的be consistent with和一致/相符(教材原句)How many countries does the UK consist of? 聯(lián)合王國由幾個國家組成？(2016天津卷)Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a _cooked_ (cook) or packed lunch which _consists_ (consist) of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.向?qū)W生提供早餐和晚餐，和一份做好的或者包裝的午餐由三明治、飲料和甜食組成。Life mainly _consists_ (consist) of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist _in_ struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist _with_ the reality.生活主要是由快樂和悲傷組成的，而快樂和悲傷存在于拼搏之中。記住，理想的生活并不總是和現(xiàn)實相一致。divide.into 把分成divide.between/among/with.和分擔(dān)/分配/分享divide.by.用除以divide.in half(two)/into halves 把分成兩部分(教材原句)England can be divided into three main areas.英國可以劃分為三個主要地區(qū)。The prize money will _be divided_ (divide) among the winners.獎金將由獲勝者們均分。30 _divided_ (divide) by 6 is 5.30除以6等于5。break down 損壞；破壞；(談判、希望、計劃等)失敗，破裂；(化學(xué))分解；垮掉break away(from) 掙脫(束縛)；脫離break off 中斷；折斷break into 闖入break out 爆發(fā)；發(fā)生break up 驅(qū)散；分散；打碎，終止(教材原句)On my way to the station my car broke down.在去車站的路上，我的汽車壞了。A quarrel broke _out_，which made him break away _from_ his family.他與家人發(fā)生爭吵，這使得他與家人決裂。The police came and broke _up_ the crowds.警察來了，把人群驅(qū)散。Breaking _up_ firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time, one of them would bee great again.(2017江蘇卷)leave out 省去；遺漏；不考慮(1)leave.alone 不去打擾(某人)；讓(某人)獨自待著；別碰(某物)leave.aside 不予考慮；擱置一邊leave behind 留下；忘帶；遺留leave for 動身去leave off 停止；中斷l(xiāng)eave over 留下，剩下，延后，推遲leave sb.doing 讓某人一直處于某種狀態(tài)(2)be/feel left out 被冷落；覺得被忽視(冷落)be left over 剩下；殘留(教材原句)Which country is left out?哪個國家被漏掉了？You shouldnt leave the boy _alone_；he is too young.你不該把這男孩單獨留下，他太小。Lets leave the matter _aside_ for a moment.讓我們把這件事擱一會再說?！径涛母腻e】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.【答案】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.第一處：itthem?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語指代的是第一句的主語“Mistakes”，故用them。第二處：athe?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語口語水平”的開始，故用定冠詞。第三處：makemaking?？疾榉侵^語動詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。第四處：thatwhat。考查賓語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。第五處：discouragingdiscouraged。考查形容詞。根據(jù)從句主語I可知，該處應(yīng)用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：mustcould?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示“過去本能夠做卻沒有做”，故用could have done。第七處：刪除in。考查固定搭配。該處指“參加英語俱樂部”，參加某個組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動”，故刪除in。第八處：mademakes?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。第九處：fluentfluently?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)該句中的動詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。第十處：afraid前加be?？疾槠硎咕洹７治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。_It seemed strange that_ the man who had developed munism _should have lived_ and died in London.奇怪的是，這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在這里去世。在Itbe/seemsstrange(necessary，important，natural，a pity，a shame.)that.句型中，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語動詞常用“should動詞原形”這種虛擬語氣形式，should可以省略。should在這些句型中表示驚訝、氣憤、惋惜等情感，意為“竟然，居然”。It is strange that the Turkish military(should) _have shot_ (shoot)down a Russian military aircraft.真是太奇怪了，土耳其軍方竟然擊落一架俄羅斯軍用飛機(jī)Its a pity that he _(should)fail_ (fail) to grasp the chance when it arose.機(jī)會出現(xiàn)時，他竟然沒有抓住，真是遺憾。It seemed as though she _didnt have_ (have) a friend in the world.看起來她好像在這個世界上沒有一個朋友。should have done還可以表示過去該做某事，意為“本應(yīng)該做某事，但實際未做”。(2015福建卷)Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You _(should)have made_ (make) full preparations.【閱讀理解】From young kids to fitness lovers, to those looking for a laugh, or to families looking for a free movie night, Atlantic Station prepares some days for them to enjoy this year. Tot Spot Each Tuesday morning, Atlantic Stations Central Park transforms into every childs dream playground! From 10：00 am to noon, kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things. This event begins on April 5 and lasts through September 27.Wellness Wednesday Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm, Atlantic Stations Central Park bees the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more. Wellness Wednesday weles all ages and skill levels. This event begins on April 6 and lasts through September 28.Improv in the Park Whole World Theatre, Atlantas premier improv group, has once again partnered with Atlantic Station to bring a familyfriendly night of edy to the Central Park on the first Wednesday of each month until September. Bring a blanket, relax under the stars and prepare to laugh until your stomach hurts! The hourlong show begins at 8：00 pm. This event occurs on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3. Movies in the Central Park Each Thursday night at dusk, guests are invited to bring chairs, blankets, togo snacks and picnics to Atlantic Stations Central Park. All outdoor screenings are available, weather permitting, so keep your fingers crossed for no The Wizard of Oztype storms! Be sure to arrive early to find a good seat. This event starts on May 19 and occurs every Thursday through July 28. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了大西洋站幾個可以讓人們放松自己、享受生活和獲得樂趣的活動。1Mothers can take their kids who like listening to stories to _.ATot Spot BImprov in the ParkCWellness WednesdayDMovies in the Central Park答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中第二段中的“From 10：00 am to noon，kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things.”可知，從上午10點到中午，在幼兒休閑區(qū)(Tot Spot)孩子們可以做游戲、講故事、玩玩具、聽音樂等，結(jié)合選項可知，想聽故事的孩子們可以去參加Tot Spot活動，故A項正確。2When can you do yoga with an instructor in Atlantic Stations Central Park?AOn each Tuesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm in August.BOn each Tuesday morning from 10：00 am to noon in July.CAt 8：00 pm on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3.DOn each Wednesday at 7：00 pm in June and July.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm，Atlantic Stations Central Park bees the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more”和“This event begins.September 28”可知，4月6日到9月28日的每個星期三下午6：30到7：30，大西洋站中央公園成為人們尋求心靈寧靜和身體放松的地方，有指導(dǎo)者帶領(lǐng)客人做包括瑜伽和其他活動在內(nèi)的練習(xí)。由此可知，D項符合題意。3What can we learn from the text?AAtlantic Station sets the days for guests to have fun.BTickets for Movies in Central Park are hard to get.CMovies in the Central Park are shown only indoors.DOnly teenagers are wele to join in WellnessWednesday答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段可知，Atlantic Station為客人安排時間和活動來讓他們玩得開心，故A項符合題意。