Unit 2 Cloning(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí).閱讀單詞知其意1twin n 雙胞胎之一；孿生兒之一adj. 成對的；成雙的2straightforward adj. 簡單的；直接的；坦率的3arbitrary adj. 任意的4medium n. 媒介；手段；工具5fate n. 命運(yùn)；天命6cast vt. 扔；投；擲7conservative adj. 保守的；守舊的8constitution n. 憲法；章程9pulsory adj. 必須做的；義務(wù)的；強(qiáng)迫的；強(qiáng)制的10opera n. 歌??；歌劇團(tuán)；歌劇院11chorus n. 合唱；合唱隊12loaf n. 一條(面包)13flour n. 面粉14impact n. 撞擊；沖擊；巨大的影響15feather n. 羽毛16turkey n. 火雞17hatch v. 孵出；孵卵；孵化 18moral adj. 道德(上)的；倫理的.重點(diǎn)單詞寫其形1exact adj. 精確的；準(zhǔn)確的2obtain vt. 獲得；贏得3attain vt. 獲得；到達(dá)(水平、年齡、狀況等)4forbid vt. 禁止；不準(zhǔn)5shortly adv. 立刻；不久6strike v. 打；撞擊；罷工n. 罷工7undertake vt. 著手；從事；承擔(dān)8breakthrough n. 突破9altogether adv. 總共；完全地10vain adj. 虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的11owe vt. 欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于12initial adj. 最初的；開始的13bother vt. 打擾vi. 操心n. 煩擾14merely adv. 僅；只；不過15unable adj. 不能的；不會的16drawback n縱聯(lián)1 缺點(diǎn)；不利條件17adore vt. 崇拜；愛慕；喜愛.拓展單詞通其變1differ vi.不同；相異different adj.不同的difference n差異；不同2identical adj.同一的；一模一樣的identity n身份；同一性；一致3mercial adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的merce n商業(yè)；貿(mào)易4plicated adj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的plicate vt.使復(fù)雜化5correction n改正；糾正；修正correct adj.正確的 v改正6object vi.反對；不贊成objection n不贊成；反對；異議縱聯(lián)27accumulate v積累；聚積accumulation n積累；增加縱聯(lián)38retire vi.退休；離開retirement n退休；引退9assumption n假定；設(shè)想assume vt.假定；設(shè)想縱聯(lián)410regulation n規(guī)則；規(guī)章；法規(guī)regulate vt.調(diào)節(jié)；管理11popularity n受人喜愛；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受歡迎的12resist vt.抵抗；對抗resistance n抵抗；對抗resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的縱聯(lián)513decoration n裝飾；裝修decorate v裝飾；裝修14reasonable adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的reason n原因；道理縱聯(lián)1.“動詞副詞”合成名詞還挺多drawback缺點(diǎn)breakdown崩潰；故障checkout付款處 feedback反饋setup計劃；組織 breakup分手；中斷gettogether 聚會 workout 鍛煉縱聯(lián)2.學(xué)會“反對”和“拒絕”object vi. 反對 oppose v. 反對against prep.反對 disagree vi. 不同意reject vt.拒絕 refuse v. 拒絕decline v. 婉拒縱聯(lián)3.積少成多accumulate vt.& vi. 積累increase vt.& vi. 增長enlarge vt.& vi. 擴(kuò)大；放大expand vt.& vi. 擴(kuò)大；膨脹縱聯(lián)4.動詞變名詞的不規(guī)則變化assumeassumption 假定describedescription 描述explainexplanation 解釋pronouncepronunciation 發(fā)音縱聯(lián)5.以sist結(jié)尾的動詞你記住了嗎？resist抵抗 insist堅持persist堅持 assist協(xié)助 consist由組成單元話題克隆子話題克隆技術(shù)biotechnology n. 生物科技transplant n&vt. 移植technological adj. 技術(shù)的potential adj. 潛在的innovation n. 科技創(chuàng)新digital adj. 數(shù)字的；數(shù)碼的artificial adj. 人工的intelligence n. 智能hightech adj. 高技術(shù)的；高科技的device n. 裝置；設(shè)備appliance n. 器具；器械gene n. 基因beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的advantage n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)；優(yōu)勢disadvantage n. 缺點(diǎn)；劣勢advanced adj. 先進(jìn)的學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1(2018天津高考閱讀C)With a 3D printer, a cook can print plicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for (decorate) on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to plete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.寫出加彩在句中的詞性和含義：adj.復(fù)雜的用decorate的適當(dāng)形式填空：decoration；?？级陶Zbe decorated with意為：用裝飾exactly在句中為副詞，意為：確切地，寫出在本單元中的形容詞：exact2(2017北京高考閱讀C)The (resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new (regulate) for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.用resist的適當(dāng)形式填空：resistance寫出加彩詞在本單元的反義詞：forbid；聯(lián)想一下，表示“禁止和禁令”的單詞還有prohibit,_banobject在此處為動詞，意為：反對，名詞形式為：objection用regulate的適當(dāng)形式填空：regulations高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018全國卷書面表達(dá))各國對餐桌禮儀的觀點(diǎn)大相徑庭。(differ)Opinions_on_table_manners_differ_greatly_from_country_to_country.2(2016江蘇高考書面表達(dá))人們可以在網(wǎng)上投票支持他們崇拜的人。(cast, adore)People_can_cast_online_votes_themselves_in_favour_of_those_they_adore.(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑1object vi.反對；不贊成 n物體；目標(biāo)記牢(1)object to反對；不贊成(2)objection n. 反對；異議；不贊成have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對(做)某事表示反對raise an objection to sth. 對某事提出異議(3)objective adj.客觀的；無偏見的；真實的；賓格的練通單句語法填空A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.As far as Im concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English. 用準(zhǔn)object表示“反對”時，為不及物動詞，加賓語時需加介詞to，而oppose表示“反對”時，為及物動詞，可直接加賓語。寫美翻譯句子(2018江蘇高考書面表達(dá))對于排名持客觀態(tài)度是有必要的。It_is_necessary_to_hold_an_objective_attitude_towards_ratings.2forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不準(zhǔn)記牢(1)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事(2)forbidden adj. 禁止的；不準(zhǔn)的練通單句語法填空It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done.用準(zhǔn)forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可直接跟動名詞作賓語，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有類似用法的單詞還有：allow, permit, advise等。寫美補(bǔ)全句子我認(rèn)為禁止商店和超市提供免費(fèi)的塑料購物袋是必要的。I think it necessary to forbid_shops_and_supermarkets_from_offering free plastic shopping bags.3owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于；應(yīng)感謝記牢owe sth. to sb.把某事歸功于某人owe it to sb. that . 把歸功于某人owing to 因為；由于練通 單句語法填空My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English.寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2015江蘇高考書面表達(dá))盡管大規(guī)模地建造了道路和高速公路，但是由于近些年來汽車數(shù)量不斷增長，所以仍然有許多改進(jìn)的空間。In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, owing_to_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.4bother vt.打擾vi.操心 n煩擾記牢bother to do sth.操心/費(fèi)心做某事bother doing sth. 費(fèi)心做某事bother sb. with sth. 用某事打擾某人bother sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事練通單句語法填空He is always bothering me to_lend_ (lend) him money.Dont bother to_look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is_bothering (bother) them.寫美補(bǔ)全句子(2016全國卷書面表達(dá))我確實需要你寶貴的建議，希望不會打擾你太多。I do need your valuable suggestions, hoping_it_wont_bother_you_much.5strike v(struck, struck)打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時n.罷工記牢be struck by 被打動/迷住了it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想起strike . into ones heart 使刻骨銘心練通單句語法填空It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one Id strike into my heart forever.(2016全國卷)Just before September, Miller was_struck (strike) by a car and lost his right arm.寫美翻譯句子(2018北京高考書面表達(dá))所有的國際學(xué)生都被我的介紹深深地迷住了。All_the_international_students_were_deeply_struck_by_my_introduction.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練 .單詞拼寫1With medical breakthrough (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life.2As is well known to all, there are altogether (總共) seven continents in the world. 3Our school is a nonsmoking school.So smoking is forbidden (禁止的) here.4Economists are working on the assumption (假設(shè)) of an interest rate cut.5I think our offer is reasonable (合情理的) and realistic and you shouldnt turn it down.6This question is quite straightforward (簡單的), while that one is much more plicated.7But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks (缺點(diǎn)) which should not be neglected. 8In fact, traffic rules are part of rules and regulations (規(guī)章) closely related to public order.單句語法填空1Does it bother you that the man is always asking to borrow money from you?2In view of our long business relation, we do not object to another negotiation.3When climbing Mount Huang, all the tourists were_struck (strike) by its beauty.4Do you know any differences (differ) between British English and American English?5The organization could undertake to_direct (direct) the distribution of aid.6Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity of our people.7The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna cant resist taking (take) a closer look at them.8But the hardest part lay in my oral presentation from my memory for to read from the paper was_forbidden (forbid). .根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子1他們反對坐公共汽車去那兒，因為會花費(fèi)很長時間。(object)They objected_to_going_there_by_bus because it would take a long time.2在過去的10年中，他積累了大量的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗。(accumulate)He has_accumulated_a_lot_of_teaching_experience during the past 10 years.3最讓他心煩的是沒人操心告訴他更改了的時間表。(bother)What upset him most was that nobody had_bothered_to_tell_him about the changed timetable. 4我突然想起家中沒有人。(strike)It_struck_me_that_there_was_no_one_at_home.5他把他的成功歸功于他的努力和耐心。(owe)He_owes_his_success_to_his_hard_work_and_patience.語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出strike的詞性和詞義(A)vt.使突然想到/想起 (B)vt.突然襲擊(C)vt.打動；給以深刻印象 (D)vt.打；敲；擊(E)n.罷工 (F)vt.& vi.(鐘)報時1Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeares writing remains powerful and true._C_2It struck me that we might have made a wrong decision._A_3I got up early this morning before the clock struck five._F_4A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people._B_5Youd better strike while the iron is hot._D_6The key reason for the black peoples strike was their poor living and working conditions._E_(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1object_to反對；不贊成串記1 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清串記2 白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)4in_favour_of 贊成；支持5from_time_to_time 不時；偶爾6bring_back_to_life 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活7cast_down 使失望；使沮喪8(be)_bound_to_(do)_. 一定或注定(做)9strike_._into_ones_heart 使刻骨銘心10in_good/poor_condition 狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)同根短語串記串記1.“v.off”短語薈萃pay off償清；取得成功cut off切斷take off脫下；起飛 turn off關(guān)閉put off推遲 move off啟動；離開give off發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等) fall off下降；跌落show off炫耀；賣弄 call off取消go off離開；變質(zhì) leave off停止串記2.“in名詞”短語小聚in vain白費(fèi)力氣 in relief如釋重負(fù)地in short總之；簡言之 in trouble陷入麻煩in need在困難中；急需 in danger在危險中in advance事先；提前 in order秩序井然1in their research procedure 在他們的研究步驟中2raise a storm of objections 引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對3have a great impact on 對產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響4either . or . 既又5pass on 傳給6lead . life 過的生活7the chance of 的可能性8opened everybodys eyes 打開了人們的眼界1Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very plicated.克隆植物簡單，而克隆動物非常復(fù)雜。2Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。3What do_you_think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?你認(rèn)為在這篇閱讀材料中作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么？4Diversity in a group means having animals with_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways.種群多樣性是指種群中動物的基因以不同的方式排列。5The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die .其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死掉學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用高考采擷(一)完形中的短語(詞匯替換/補(bǔ)全句子)1(2017天津高考完形填空)Influenced by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals project. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise D|S50,000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. (用本單元短語替換加彩部分) in_favour_of2(2014天津高考完形填空)My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the experience has really taught me. Sacrifices pay_off (取得好結(jié)果) in the end.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(翻譯句子)1(2018北京高考書面表達(dá))在中國，你一定會有一次難忘且有收獲的經(jīng)歷。(be bound to)_You_are_bound_to_have_an_unforgettable_and_rewarding_experience_in_China.2(2016浙江高考書面表達(dá))計劃的好處在于它詳細(xì)地告訴我們?nèi)绾巫鑫覀兿胱龅氖虑椤?that引導(dǎo)的表語從句)The advantage of planning is that it tells us in detail how we do what we want to do.3(2018北京高考書面表達(dá))很快，茶室變得熱鬧起來，每個國際學(xué)生都想自己泡茶。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_trying_to_make_their_own_tea.(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑短語集釋1pay off得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清記牢pay for付錢；為付出代價pay a visit to 參觀；拜訪pay attention to 注意；留心練通 單句語法填空Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again?Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether acmodation is included.In my opinion, cloning will pay off sooner or later on condition that we undertake to use it properly. 用準(zhǔn)pay off表示“得到好結(jié)果；取得成功”時是不及物動詞短語，不用于被動語態(tài)。寫美補(bǔ)全句子正如諺語所說，有志者事竟成。我們的努力早晚會得到回報。As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. Our efforts will pay off sooner or later.2in good/poor condition狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)記牢out of condition健康狀況欠佳on no condition 一點(diǎn)也不；決不(放在句首時，用部分倒裝語序)on condition that . 在條件下；倘若練通單句語法填空What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.He said he was out of condition and was unable to take part in the sports meeting.補(bǔ)全句子The teacher always warns us, “On no condition can_we_give_up our dreams.”老師總是告誡我們：“我們絕不能放棄我們的夢想?！睂懨婪g句子(2018江蘇高考書面表達(dá))只要我們恰當(dāng)使用這些排名(ratings)，它們在很多方面對我們是有利的。On_condition_that_we_use_these_ratings_properly,_they_will_benefit_us_in_many_ways.句式集釋that引導(dǎo)的表語從句教材原句The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.悟拓展例句(1)The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.(2)(2018江蘇高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.(3)(2018全國卷)But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home.(4)(2018北京高考)This is what my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best.析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)that引導(dǎo)表語從句時，that在句中無詞義，但通常不能省略。(2)除了經(jīng)?？疾閠hat引導(dǎo)的表語從句外，what，where, how, why, because引導(dǎo)的表語從句也是考查的重點(diǎn)。做這一類題目的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于理清句子的邏輯關(guān)系和句意。注意事項另外，that還可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句等。如：(2018全國卷)Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.背寫作佳句(1)(2018北京高考書面表達(dá))The reason why I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you is that the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.(要點(diǎn)句)(2)(2018全國卷書面表達(dá))I have the confidence that you will have a great time. (總結(jié)句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練.選詞填空in good condition， be bound to， pay off， cast down， in vain， in favour of， bring back to life， from time to time， strike .into ones heart， object to 1I feel stressed from_time_to_time. Could you offer me some suggestions?2To avoid accidents, its important to check that all your tools are in_good_condition before starting.3Dont let yourself be cast_down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.4In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death.5Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success.6The athletes years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.7Mount Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.8All efforts will be in_vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.9There were 16 votes in_favour_of my suggestion, and 15 against it.10She made it clear that she objected_to the proposal, for it was useless and unrealistic.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補(bǔ)全句子1I have lost his address, and it is a trouble.The trouble is that_I_have_lost_his_address.2He wants to study abroad. His parents prefer him to stay at home.He wants to study abroad while his parents prefer him to stay at home. 3Many people are going to help us, and we are sure to finish it in time.With so many people to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time.4The teacher came in and then the lesson began. In_came the teacher and the lesson began.5你認(rèn)為上面哪件事是最有趣的？Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest? .讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。Walking up to the ringing phone, I looked at my clock. Midnight. Panicky thoughts filled my sleepy mind as I grabbed the receiver.“Hello？” My heart pounded.“Mama？” The voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my_daughter.When I heard the sound of a young crying_voice,_I grabbed my_husband.“Mama, I know its late. But dont say anything until I finish. And before you ask, yes, Ive been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back and .”I took a sharp breath,_released my husband, and pressed my hand against my forehead (額頭). Something wasnt right.“ And I got so scared. I want to e home. I know running away was wrong. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid . ”I tried to talk: “I think .”“No! Please let me finish！” She said, desperately. Before I could go on, she continued. “Im pregnant (懷孕的), Mama. I know I shouldnt be drinking . but Im scared, Mama.”I bit into my lip (嘴唇), feeling my eyes filled with tears. My husband left the room, and returned seconds later with a cellphone against his ear. She asked, “Are you still there? Please dont hang up on me! I feel so lonely.”I held the phone. “Im here. I wouldnt hang up，” I said.“I should have told you, Mama. But when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You read all those pamphlets (手冊) on how to talk to kids,_but all you do is talk. You dont listen to me. Because youre my mother,_you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I dont need answers. I just want someone to listen.”I stared at the howtotalktoyourkids pamphlets on my nightstand (床頭柜)“ Im listening，” I whispered.Then she said she had called a taxi. When the taxi arrived, she hung up.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2至少使用5個短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：I went to my 16yearold daughters room. Paragraph 2：I looked at our sleeping daughter. 寫作步驟第一步：速讀全文文本大意：作者接到了一個電話，電話中的女孩錯把作者當(dāng)成自己的媽媽，女孩跟作者說的一些話觸動了作者的心靈。敘述意圖：文章告訴我們要學(xué)會傾聽。第二步：細(xì)讀全文1所給短文情景模式分析。whoI, a young girl, my daughter, my husbandwhatA young girl mistook the author for her mother and called to tell the author to learn to listen to her. whenmidnightwhereat homewhyThe girl ran away from home and felt lonely. She wanted her mother to listen to her.2對原文所提供的下劃線詞語