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1、人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料（精修版） 必修一 Unit1 friendship Grammar 從容說(shuō)課 This is the fourth teaching period of this unit. To test whether the students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some revision exercises. This teaching

2、 period is a grammar lesson. The students are expected to make clear the differences between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech and grasp the main usages of them in this period. Students often feel grammar very abstract and boring, so it is necessary to make the class lively and interesting. Example

3、sentences and grammar summary should be carefully designed so as to make it easy for students to understand and accept. In this lesson, we will first offer a supposed situation and make the students learn about the differences between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. The situation makes students

4、know that when talking in our daily life sometimes we have got to use Direct Speech and sometimes we also need to use Indirect Speech. This is to help them to have the sense to connect grammar form with real situations in our daily life. If we want to express ourselves clearly and correctly, we shou

5、ld use a proper form of language, otherwise others can’t understand us. That is why it is necessary for us to have some knowledge in grammar. Later on, we’ll show and explain the rules of these grammar items, that is to say, to make the students know how to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech

6、 and Indirect Speech into Direct Speech. Then ask them to do exercises in Discovering useful structures, Learning about language on Page 5. It will make the students further know about the differences and grasp the usages. This also can help the students connect grammar rules with proper language fo

7、rms so as to make grammar rules less abstract. Then we will ask the students to do Exercise 1 in Using structures on Page 42. If the students have difficulty, help them and check their mistakes with the help of the grammar rules. Tell the students not just to learn some simple grammar rules but to

8、 learn and use them in practical situations. For example, my friend says, “I will come here tomorrow. ” If using Indirect Speech, you can express it in many different ways. 1. If at the same time in the same place, you should say:My friend says she (he) will come here tomorrow. 2. If the time has

9、 changed and still in the same place, you should say:My friend said she (he)would come here the next day. 3. If the place has changed and the time is still today, you should say:My friend said she (he)would go there tomorrow. 4. If both the time and the place have changed, you should say:My friend

10、 said she (he)would go there the next day. 5. If both the time and the place have changed, the other should say:He (She) said he (she) would go there the next day. If students learn the grammar this way, it is easier for them to grasp. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speec

11、h. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn) Get the students to learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed. 教學(xué)方法 Discussing, summarizing and practicing 教具準(zhǔn)備 A projector and other necessary teaching tools 三維目標(biāo) Knowledge aims: Get the students to learn and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirec

12、t Speech. Ability aims: Get the students to be able to use the rules to express their meanings and retail others’ correctly. Emotional aims: 1. Get the students not to be afraid of grammar learning. 2. Get the students to develop their sense of group cooperation. 教學(xué)過(guò)程 →Step 1 Revision 1. Che

13、ck the homework exercises. 2. Have a dictation to write some important words and expressions. Suggested words and expressions: upset　ignore　concern　loose　cheat　reason　share　nature　thunder　entirely　go through　hide away　calm down　set down　grow crazy about　on purpose　face to face　according to 3. Tr

14、anslate some sentences using the patterns we have learned. Suggested sentences: 1）為了上課不遲到，他七點(diǎn)鐘就出發(fā)了。(in order to) 2）小明昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)確實(shí)是因?yàn)樯×恕?It is. . . that. . . ) 3）這小房間里太鬧。(far too much) 4）那是我第一次到北京。(It is/was the first/second time/that. . . ) Suggested answers: 1）In order not to be late for class,

15、 he set off at seven o’clock. /He set off at seven o’clock in order not to be late for class. 2）It is because he was ill that Xiaoming didn’t come to school. 3）There is far too much noise in the small room. 4）It was the first time that I had been to Beijing. →Step 2 Lead-in Tell the class:In th

16、e last lesson, we learned Anne Frank’s story. She is telling her stories to two of her friends—you and Mary. Mary has something wrong with her ears, so you have to repeat Anne’s sentences, using Indirect speech. Sometimes you explain Mary’s sentences to Anne. “I have to stay in the hiding place. ”s

17、aid Anne. → Anne said she had to stay in the hiding place. “Do you feel sad when you are not able to go outdoors? ” Mary asked Anne. → Mary asked Anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors. “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary, ” said Anne. → Anne said t

18、hat she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. “What do you call your diary? ” Mary asked. → Mary asked what she called her diary. . . . Get the students to go on this topic by themselves. →Step 3 Grammar 1. Tell the class:Now let’s look at these sentences again. If we want to c

19、hange Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed? 2. Get the students discuss by themselves. Perhaps most students can find sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed. 3. Show the students the form on the screen. These are the r

20、ules. 當(dāng)我們引用別人的話時(shí)，如果我們引用別人的原話，被引用的部分就叫直接引語(yǔ)，一般用“”引起來(lái)。如果我們用自己的話把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分稱(chēng)為間接引語(yǔ)，間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。 直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱(chēng)變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 1）直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。 Mary said, “I am very happy to help you. ” →Mary said that she was very happy to help you. 2）直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，

21、由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。 He asked me, “Do you like playing basketball? ” →He asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball. 注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether都可以用，但后面和or not連用時(shí)或在動(dòng)詞不定式前或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。 She asked me whether I could do it or not. 3）直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由原句的疑問(wèn)詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, wh

22、ere 等引導(dǎo)。 My sister asked me, “What do you think of the film? ” →My sister asked me what I thought of the film. 4）注意事項(xiàng) （1)間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主、謂、賓的順序。 He asked Lucy, “Where have you been? ” →He asked Lucy where she had been. Mary said, “What do you want, Ann? ” →Mary asked Ann what she wanted.

23、（2)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、真理、規(guī)律等，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 The teacher told his students, “The earth goes round the sun. ” →The teacher told his students that the earth goes round the sun. （3)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。 He said, “I haven’t seen my daughter today. ” →He said that he hadn’t seen his daughter that

24、day. 注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)就在原來(lái)的地方，就在說(shuō)話的當(dāng)天，就沒(méi)必要改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。 時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律表 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一些常用詞變化規(guī)律表 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 指示代詞 this that these those 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now then today that day tomorrow the next (following

25、)day next week/month/. . . the next (following)week/month. . . yesterday the day before last week/month/. . . the week/month/. . . before three days/months/. . . ago three days/month/. . . this week/month/. . . that week/month. . . 地點(diǎn) here there 動(dòng)詞 come go Option:如果學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)較好，語(yǔ)法部分也可用英語(yǔ)講

26、解。 1. Direct Speech In direct speech, the original speaker’s exact words are given and are indicated by quotation marks. “I don’t know what to do, ” said Tom. In some grammar books, “said Tom” is referred to as a reporting clause. “I don’t know what to do, ” is referred to as the reported clause

27、. 2. Indirect Speech In indirect speech, the exact meaning of the speaker’s words is given, but the exact words are not directly quoted. Tom said that he didn’t know what to do. To convert direct speech into indirect speech: If the main verb is past tense, present tense verbs in “that clause” m

28、ust also be changed to past tense. Tom said that he didn’t know what to do. First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns. Tom said that he didn’t know what to do. (The word “that” can often be left out:Tom said he didn’t know what to do. ) 3. Indirect Questions The

29、 same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. The difference is that a wh-clause is used instead of a that clause. Direct question:“Did Dick’s horse win a prize? ” Owen asked. Indirect questions:Owen asked whether/if Dick’s horse had won a prize. Direct question:“Why won’t yo

30、u marry me? ” asked Donald. Indirect question:Donald asked her why she wouldn’t marry him. ﹡In telling a story or recounting events, a speaker using direct speech has all the resources of intonation to produce a lively account. Because indirect speech is always reported by someone else, the accoun

31、t is more reserved and restrained. “What shall we do? ” asked Mary. “Don’t worry, Mary, ” said Dick, “I’ve got a plan. ” Mary asked Dick what they should do. He told her not to worry and that he had got a plan. ﹡The ability to change direct speech into indirect speech is a useful skill for those

32、 engaged in taking the minutes of a meeting or reporting on events. Direct speech:“First of all, I would like to thank everybody who helped with the fair. The results were very good, and we will now be able to buy two more computers. ” Indirect speech:The principal said that he would like to thank

33、 everybody who had helped with the fair. He announced that the results were very good and that the school would now be able to buy two more computers. →Step 4 Practice (Discovering useful structures) Get the students to turn to Page 5. Please change the following direct speech into indirect speech

34、 and indirect into direct. 1. “I’m going to hide from the Germans, ” Anne said. 2. “I don’t know the address of my new home, ” said Anne. 3. “I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know, ” she said. 4. “I had to pack up my things very quickly, ” the girl said. 5. “Why did you choose

35、your diary and old letters? ” Dad asked her. 6. Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 7. Margot asked her what else she had got. 8. Anne asked her father when they would go back home. 9. Anne asked her sister how she could see her friends. 10. Mother asked Anne why

36、she had gone to bed so late the night before. →Step 5 Correcting mistakes Analyze the common mistakes students have made during the practice. Let the students look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Then choose the right sentence and make it clear why the other one is wrong. →Ste

37、p 6 A game Play a guessing game “who is my secret friend? ” One student comes to the front with his partner. The rest students ask him questions while his partner changes them into indirect speech. In the end, the person who has guessed the right answer can come to the front to take the place of th

38、e first student. So the game goes on. Suggested sentences: Can your friend speak? What does he/she wear today? Is he/she tall or short? What do you and your friend do in your free time? Do you quarrel with each other? . . . →Step 7 Workbook Do Exercise 1 in Using Structures on Page 42. Here

39、 is another page of Anne’s diary. Read it through and then use indirect speech to retell the story. If time doesn’t permit, declare it as homework. Suggested answers: Anne said that they went quickly upstairs and into the hiding place when they arrived at Prinsengracht. She said that they closed

40、the door behind them and they were alone. She said (that)Margot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for them. She said (that)all the rooms were full of boxes and they lay on the floor and the beds. She said (that)the little room was filled with bedclothes and they had to start cle

41、aring up at once, if they wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were not able to help. She said (that)they were tired and lay down on their beds, but her daddy and she, the two “Helpers” of the family, started at once. Anne said (that)they unpacked th

42、e boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied the whole day, until they were extremely tired. She said they did sleep in clean beds that night. She said they hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but they didn’t care. Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and her dad

43、dy and she were too busy. →Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the related Workbook exercises. 2. Review and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì) Direct Speech Indirect Speech 1. Mary said, “I am very happy to help you. ” Mary said that she was very happy to help you.

44、2. He asked me, “Do you like playing basketball? ” He asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball. 3. My sister asked me, “What do you think of the film? ” My sister asked me what I thought of the film. 4. The teacher told his students, “The earth goes round the sun. ” The teacher told his s

45、tudents that the earth goes round the sun. 活動(dòng)與探究 Get the students to work in groups of four out of class and design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to think independently and act in matters of immediate con

46、cern and interest. It also can develop students’ design ability and spirit of cooperation. Sample questionnaire Directions: This questionnaire has four questions. Each question is followed by three possible answers. Please read the questions, and then consider which response fits you best. Quest

47、ions: 1. Why am I close friends with this person now? A. Because he/she is someone I really enjoy sharing emotions and special events with. B. Because my friend would be upset if I ended the relationship. C. Because being friends with him/her helps me feel important. 2. Why do I spend time with

48、 my friend? A. Because my friend would get mad at me if I didn’t. B. Because it is fun spending time with him/her. C. Because I think it is what friends are supposed to do. 3. Why do I listen to my friend’s problems, or to what my friend has to say? A. Because my friend praises me and makes me

49、feel good when I do. B. Because it’s interesting and satisfying to be able to share like that. C. Because I really value getting to know my friend better. 4. Why do I keep promises to my friend? A. Because I believe it is an important personal quality to live up to my promises to a friend. B. B

50、ecause it would threaten our friendship if I were not trustworthy. C. Because I would feel bad about myself if I didn’t. Scoring Sheet: 1. A 3　B 2　C 1 2. A 1　B 2　C 3 3. A 1　B 2　C 3 4. A 3　B 2　C 1 Explanations: 4~6 points:You are not a good friend. You either neglect your friend’s needs or ju

51、st do what he/she wants you to do. You should think more about what a good friend needs to do. 7~9 points:You are a good friend but you sometimes let your friendship become too important, or you fail to show enough concern for your friend’s needs and feelings. Try to strike a balance between your friend’s needs and your own responsibilities. 10+ points:You are an excellent friend who recognizes that to be a good friend you need to balance your needs and your friend’s. Well done.