一一 . 定義定義 簡單的說簡單的說 , 賓語賓語從句就是一個或是幾從句就是一個或是幾個從句充當(dāng)主句中的個從句充當(dāng)主句中的賓語成分賓語成分。二二 . 主要類型主要類型 1） . 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句只是在某些動詞后連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句只是在某些動詞后能用作賓語，這些動詞有能用作賓語，這些動詞有see , say , tell , ask ,answer , know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss ,show等等：等等： e.g Do you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam . 2） . 由連詞由連詞 whether 或或 if 引導(dǎo)。（口語中常用引導(dǎo)。（口語中常用 if ） e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：注：1)中所列的動詞后也常可用中所列的動詞后也?？捎?whether , if 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語；從句作賓語； e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight . I dont know whether this answer is right . 另外，這種從句前面有時還可以另有賓語。另外，這種從句前面有時還可以另有賓語。 e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？ 3)由由that引導(dǎo)。（引導(dǎo)。（ 在口語或非正式文體中常省略在口語或非正式文體中常省略 ） e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster . 注意：在某些句型中，特別是帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，注意：在某些句型中，特別是帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去，前面用一個引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去，前面用一個 it 作形式作形式上的賓語。上的賓語。(但是，有時但是，有時 it 也可以省略）也可以省略） e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他說他要想一切辦法幫我們，我相（他說他要想一切辦法幫我們，我相信他說的是真話。）信他說的是真話。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我們（我想我們動身是會很早的。動身是會很早的。）三三 . 賓語從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況賓語從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況 1.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 由陳述句變來的賓語從句，用連詞由陳述句變來的賓語從句，用連詞 that 等引導(dǎo)，等引導(dǎo)，并且在口語中常常省略此詞：并且在口語中常常省略此詞：e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果但是，如果 that 引導(dǎo)的是幾個表示并列關(guān)系的賓引導(dǎo)的是幾個表示并列關(guān)系的賓語從句時，最后一個語從句時，最后一個 that 不能省略。不能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now . 由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來的賓語從句，用由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來的賓語從句，用 whether 或或 if 引導(dǎo)，并且兩詞可以互用。但是引導(dǎo)，并且兩詞可以互用。但是 whether 可以和可以和 or not 連用，而連用，而 if 不能。不能。 e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑問句變來的賓語從句，由特殊疑問詞由特殊疑問句變來的賓語從句，由特殊疑問詞 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等等引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) 。 e.g I dont know whose book it is . Do you know where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2 . 語句的順序語句的順序 無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都是無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語序，即是運(yùn)用陳述句的語序，即是“主語在前，謂語在后主語在前，謂語在后”的的順序。順序。 e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)的變化 . 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。一種時態(tài)。 e.g Tom has been to Guilin twice . she will come tomorrow .I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . he is interested in English .當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。相互一致。 e.g he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had had supper already . 當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . We should know what he said is only the truth . I know that he is an exellent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .4 . 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 賓語從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主句決定，不受從賓語從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號；而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。號；而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Please tell me which colour you like best . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?5 . 賓語從句的否定形式賓語從句的否定形式 一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等等表示表示“認(rèn)為，猜想認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞時，一般要把賓語從句的詞時，一般要把賓語從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的謂語動詞是但是，如果主句中的謂語動詞是 hope ，則不，則不適用于這種規(guī)則。適用于這種規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .6 . 賓語從句中的特殊情形賓語從句中的特殊情形 在把簡單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬要注意：在把簡單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬要注意： 句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語從句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語從句改寫，而應(yīng)該用句改寫，而應(yīng)該用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。的句式。 e.g Dont open the door . （用（用 they 作主語變作主語變?yōu)橘e語從句）為賓語從句） They ask not to open the door . 代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)橘e語從句代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)橘e語從句時，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的變化。時，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的變化。 e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada . 若由一般疑問句或特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，若由一般疑問句或特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，應(yīng)該用陳述句語序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動詞是應(yīng)該用陳述句語序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動詞是 does 或或 did 時，要去掉助動詞，并把動詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱單時，要去掉助動詞，并把動詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式或過去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動詞時，則要把這些數(shù)形式或過去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動詞時，則要把這些助動詞放在主語的后面。助動詞放在主語的后面。 e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 五五 . 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1、Do you know how much hot water? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3、I didnt know how to London? Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back 5、Do you know? Awhat the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news 6.- is true that she may fall behind the others. A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think - the Chinese people are very friendly. A.that B.if C.since D.because 8.Id like to know - Chinese. A.when he began to learn B.when did he begin to learn C.when did he begin learning D.for how long he began to learn 9.The teacher asked us - the classroom after school. A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans 參考答案：參考答案： CACCC DAAC