第30課 動詞的語態(tài) 要點梳理 中考對動詞語態(tài)的考查主要在不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 .概念和用法 動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。動詞中，只有及物動詞有被動語態(tài)。 在平常的英語交流中，較多使用的是主動語態(tài)，但在下列情況下，通常使用被動語態(tài)： 1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時。 如：The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八點收取。 2. 為了強調或突出動作的承受者時。 如：The desk was made by Master Wang. 這張課桌是王師傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那個袋子是她姐姐提走的。 3. 在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時。 如：I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有輛新摩托車。它是父親送給我作為生日禮物的。.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結構：bedone(過去分詞)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are done如： It is made in China.它是中國制造的。2. 一般過去時： was/were done如： The bridge was built in 1980.這座橋建于1980年。3. 一般將來時： will be done如： She will be trained by her father.她將受訓于她的爸爸。4. 情態(tài)動詞： 情態(tài)動詞 be done如： Work must be done in two days.工作必須在兩天內完成。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been done如：The room has been cleaned.房間已經被打掃干凈了。6. 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are being done .用法提示 1. 某些動詞形式是主動語態(tài)，但含有被動的意思。如： This dictionary sells well. 這種字典很好銷售。 The woolen sweater costs $88. 這件羊毛衫賣88美元。 That car needs repairing. That car needs to be repaired.那輛車需要修理。 The soup tastes delicious. 這湯嘗起來味很好。 2. 主動語態(tài)中有些動詞，如：make, see, listen, watch, feel后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要帶上to。 如：He made the boy work for him. The boy was made to work for him. 這男孩被迫為他工作。 3. 動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。 如：The baby was looked after by her sister. 這嬰兒由她的姐姐照顧。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 大家都嘲笑他的計劃。 4. 形容詞cheap, comfortable, dangerous, important, interesting, nice等接不定式做狀語時，不定式的主動形式表被動意義。 如：A bicycle is cheap to run. 使用自行車是很經濟的。 This question is difficult to answer. 這個問題很難回答。 5. 形容詞worth后接動名詞時，該動名詞的主動形式表被動意義。 如：The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。感悟中考 【例1】(2011天津) Today a lot of imformation can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving 解析：本題考查含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)句意：現(xiàn)在很多信息可以在網上被接收。 canbe動詞過去分詞。故選B。B 【例2】(2011宜賓) Computers _widely in our daily life. A. use B. used C. were used D. are used 解析：本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)句意：在我們的日常生活中電腦廣泛地被使用。 從語境可知用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選D。D 【例3】(2011鹽城) How soon _ all the work _？ In a week. A. will; finish B. is; going to finish C. will; be finished D. are; going to be finished 解析：本題考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)答句“一個星期后”，判斷問句為“所有的工作多久 以后被完成”，主語work為不可數(shù)名詞。故選C。C 【例4】(2010通化) Look, what an old palace! It looks so great! Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago. A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built 解析：本題考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)800 years ago(800年前)可判斷用一般過去時； it指代上文的an old palace(古老的宮殿)做主語，須 用被動語態(tài)。 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/weredone。故選B。B 【例5】(2009深圳) David, turn off the TV _ no one is watching it. But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that; has been turned B. when; has turned C. if; has been turned D. because; has turned 解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法。 句中it指代上文中的TV，故與turn off為被動關系，關鍵詞 already為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志，則排除B和D；根據(jù)第一句 句意：如果沒人看電視就把它關掉。故選C。C領悟語法 . 單項選擇 ( )1. When will the birthday party _， on Monday evening or Tuesday evening? (2011徐州) A. hold B. be held C. held D. be holding 解析：考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。 birthday party和hold構成被動關系，所以為被動語態(tài)， 由“will”可知，為一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句意“什么時 候舉行生日聚會，是周一晚上還是周二晚上?。俊?， 故選B。B ( )2. It is true that knowledge _ rather than being taught. (2011煙臺) A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned 解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 題干是一個說明客觀真理的強調句，故從句要使用一般 現(xiàn)在時，排除B和D。knowledge與learn構成被動關系， 用is learned。故選C。 C ( )3. Its true that Shakespeares plays _ by so many people every year. (2011山東) A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen 解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 根據(jù)題意：莎士比亞的戲每年被許多人觀看是真的。 句中主語為Shakespeares plays，用被動語態(tài)。故選D。D ( )4. Whos the little baby in the photo, Li Ying? Its me. This photo _ fourteen years ago. (2011黃石) A. is taken B. took C. takes D. was taken 解析：考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 根據(jù)題意可知應用過去時態(tài)，而一般過去時態(tài)的被動 語態(tài)結構為was/were動詞的過去分詞。主語this photo 是單數(shù)，故用was過去分詞。D ( )5. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. (2011上海) Ais interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed 解析：考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 由yesterday看出該句子要使用一般過去時，by之后接的 是動作的發(fā)出者，該句要使用被動語態(tài)，故選D。D ( )6. Boys and girls, the books in the library should _ good care of. (2011湖南) A. take B. are taking C. be taken 解析：考查含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 本句的真正主語是“the books”，應用被動語態(tài)， “shouldbe及物動詞的過去分詞”，故選C。C ( )7. The radio says a wild animal zoo is going to _ in our city.(2011瀘州) A. be built B. built C. build D. be building 解析：考查一般將來時被動語態(tài)。 根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞的關系可以看出是被動形式； be going to 后面跟動詞原形，故選A。A ( )8. Because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildings _ here and there in the earthquakehit areas in Sichuan.(2011成都) A. can see B. can be seen C. will be seen 解析：考查含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 四川災后建設已經是事實。故說“在四川地震災區(qū)漂亮 的新大樓到處都能(被)看到。can be seen 為含有情態(tài)動 詞的被動語態(tài)。B ( )9. How soon _ all the work _ ? In a week.(2011鹽城) A. will.finish B. is.going to finish C. will.be finished D. are.going to be finished 解析：考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。 問句的主語是all the work，所以應該用被動語態(tài)。排除 A和B，又因為work是不可數(shù)名詞，故排除D，選C。C ( )10. These days students in some schools _ not to use mobile phones. (2011蕪湖) A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked 解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 主語students是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)； 根據(jù)these days可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。C .用所給動詞的適當形式填空 1. What do you use the key for? It is (use) for making the robot work. 2. Waiter, Id like some Ningbo Dumplings. Sorry, sir. Ningbo Dumplings (serve) only for lunch and dinner. 3. Did Jack come to our party yesterday? No, he (not invite) 4. Rice (grow) in the south of China.usedare servedwasnt invitedgrows 5. What beautiful flowers in the garden! Yeah! They (water) here every day. 6. The students of Class Two are (sweep) their classroom now. 7. The dog (lie) on the floor when I came in. 8. Her mother (cook) at this time yesterday. 9. Hell telephone us as soon as he (arrive) there. 10. How long have you (live) in this town?are wateredsweepingwas lyingwas cookingarrives lived11. You (come) here last year, didnt you?12. When did you (see) him? I (see) him last Sunday.13. We dont know what (happen) to China in a century.14. The stone bridge (build) in our hometown for ten years.15. The desk must (clean) once a day.cameseesawwill happenhas been builtbe cleaned.用動詞的適當形式填空The Christmas Present Elizabeth lived with her six children in a small house. One winter, there was a big flood and quite a few houses (wash) away, but Elizabeths house was high enough to escape it. Elizabeth took in one of the families which (lose) everything. She shared her home until the family could build another house. Elizabeths friends could not (understand) why she wanted to give so much when she already had so many children to support.提高題提高題were washedhad lostunderstand “Well，” Elizabeth explained to her friends, “at the end of World War I, there was a poor woman in a town in Germany. Her husband (kill) in the war and she had a lot of children, just like me now.” “The day before Christmas, this woman (say) to her children, We (be) able to have much for Christmas. Im going to get just one present for us all. Now Ill go and get it， She came back with a little girl who (have) no parents. Here (be) our present， she said to her own children.” “The children were more than excited to (get) such a present. They welcomed the little girl warmly, and she grew up as their sister. I (be) that Christmas present.” had been killedsaidwont behadis getwas完成考點跟蹤訓練 2930