第二章語法填空第二章語法填空第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧專題三詞類轉(zhuǎn)換專題三詞類轉(zhuǎn)換一、基礎(chǔ)知識一、基礎(chǔ)知識1常用的否定前綴或后綴有常用的否定前綴或后綴有un，dis，im，in，il，ir，less等，通過加否定前綴或后綴可等，通過加否定前綴或后綴可改變詞義，變成其反義詞。如改變詞義，變成其反義詞。如necessaryunnecessary，legalillegal，politeimpolite，homehomeless等。等。2常見的名詞后綴有常見的名詞后綴有tion，ence，ism，ist，ment，ship，ty，ure，al等。如等。如inventinvention，pleasepleasure，arrivearrival等。等。3常見的形容詞后綴有常見的形容詞后綴有able，al，ern，ful，ical，ish，less，ive，ous，y等。如等。如conditionconditional，reasonreasonable，harmharmful等。等。4常見的副詞后綴有常見的副詞后綴有l(wèi)y，ward(s)等。如等。如luckyluckily，backbackward等。等。5常見的動(dòng)詞后綴有常見的動(dòng)詞后綴有en，fy，ize，ise等。等。如如widewiden，shortshorten，purepurify等。等。6注意形容詞變副詞時(shí)的拼寫變化：注意形容詞變副詞時(shí)的拼寫變化：(1)以以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，變結(jié)尾的形容詞，變le為為ly：possiblepossibly，terribleterribly，comfortablecomfortably，gentlegently，simplesimply。(2)以以y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為為ily：easyeasily，angryangrily，noisynoisily，happyhappily，heavyheavily，healthyhealthily。(3)本身既是形容詞也是副詞的詞，無需改變：本身既是形容詞也是副詞的詞，無需改變：fast，early，high，hard，late，far，wide，alone。 (4)本身即為副詞，同時(shí)也可加本身即為副詞，同時(shí)也可加ly變成表另一詞變成表另一詞義的副詞，如：義的副詞，如：wide(盡可能，充分盡可能，充分)widely(廣泛廣泛地地)，high(高地高地)highly(高度地高度地)，hard(努力地，困努力地，困難地難地)hardly(幾乎不幾乎不)。(5)容易拼錯(cuò)的詞：容易拼錯(cuò)的詞：excitedly，truly，healthily，politely，widely，nicely，closely。分析空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，明確空格處在句子中分析空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，明確空格處在句子中作何種成分，確定需要的詞性，如果所給的單詞的詞作何種成分，確定需要的詞性，如果所給的單詞的詞性與需要的詞性不一致，則此處需要作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。性與需要的詞性不一致，則此處需要作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。技巧一、作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語技巧一、作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形通常用形容詞形式式例例“That would be a very_(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.二、解題技巧二、解題技巧 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題。在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題。在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。reason的形容詞形式是的形容詞形式是reasonable。解析：解析：答案：答案：reasonable技巧二、作主語、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語技巧二、作主語、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式用名詞形式例例1 This time，she gave me a smile with_(satisfy)and gratitude in her eyes.The woman is poor in material life but is so respectable as a man.I am not only moved but also have learned a good lesson. 因在介詞因在介詞with后作賓語要用名詞后作賓語要用名詞，故填故填satisfaction。解析：解析：答案：答案： satisfaction例例2 In Chinese，“knot”means reunion，friendliness，and_(warm)，love，etc. 與名詞與名詞reunion，friendliness和和love并并列列，一起作一起作means的賓語的賓語，也應(yīng)是名詞也應(yīng)是名詞，故填故填warmth。解析：解析：答案：答案：warmth技巧三、在技巧三、在“冠詞冠詞(形容詞形容詞)”或形容詞性物主或形容詞性物主代詞后代詞后，用名詞形式用名詞形式例例On his_(arrive)，he parked his bike outside the back door as usual. 形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)填名詞形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)填名詞，故填故填arrival。需要注意的是此空不能填。需要注意的是此空不能填arriving，填填arriving后面要有地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語。后面要有地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語。解析：解析：答案：答案：arrival技巧四、修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語技巧四、修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語，用副用副詞形式詞形式例例Dudley，which is_(probable)the heart of the Black Country，has a history dating back over l，000 years，and its famous castle has been there since about the 8th century. 在系動(dòng)詞在系動(dòng)詞is后面修飾謂語部分后面修飾謂語部分，應(yīng)該用應(yīng)該用副詞形式副詞形式probably。解析：解析：答案：答案：probably 技巧五、有時(shí)根據(jù)句意需要改變所給詞的意思技巧五、有時(shí)根據(jù)句意需要改變所給詞的意思，而不是改變詞性而不是改變詞性，需要給所給的詞加上前綴，需要給所給的詞加上前綴un，im，dis或后綴或后綴 less等等例例 Once a habit is formed，it is difficult，and sometimes_(possible)，to get rid of.It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits. 和和difficult并列一起作表語并列一起作表語，因此仍要填因此仍要填形容詞；由句子邏輯可知形容詞；由句子邏輯可知，應(yīng)為應(yīng)為“有時(shí)是不可能有時(shí)是不可能的的”，故填故填impossible。解析：解析：答案：答案：impossible技巧六、當(dāng)所給詞是形容詞或副詞技巧六、當(dāng)所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空格處需且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，需考慮形容詞或副詞級別需考慮形容詞或副詞級別的變化。另外的變化。另外，要善于分析語境要善于分析語境，辨別省略了辨別省略了than.的隱性比較級的隱性比較級例例 1 I t m i g h t h a v e m a d e i t a little_(hard)for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didnt stop the kids in the class. hard作賓補(bǔ)依然是要用形容詞作賓補(bǔ)依然是要用形容詞，所以不所以不作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，可考慮比較級；句中可考慮比較級；句中a little修飾比較修飾比較級級harder，表示表示“更難一點(diǎn)更難一點(diǎn)”。解析：解析：答案：答案：harder例例2I left it early because I had an appointment_(late)that day. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，需要副詞作狀語需要副詞作狀語，而而late(遲遲，晚晚)本身可作副詞本身可作副詞，因此因此，不必作詞類轉(zhuǎn)不必作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換換，可想到用其比較級形式可想到用其比較級形式，填填later。later that day指指“那天晚些時(shí)候那天晚些時(shí)候”。解析：解析：答案：答案：later(一一)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_(nature) course.2He failed his maths examination because of his_(care) work.3In Alaska, the wolf almost _(appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練naturalcarelessdisappeared4 T h e N a n j i n g R o a d i s t h e most_(crowd) street in the city of Shanghai.5 T h e p e o p l e i n t h e v i l l a g e w e re _(badly) off than they were five years ago because of war.6_(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest.7Some people were now waiting for her s e r v i c e a n d t h e w a i t r e s s g r e w a b i t _(patience)crowdedworse Unfortunatelyimpatient 8 “ T h i r t y f i v e c e n t s ， ” s h e said_(rude)9I dont know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to _(soft) the blow, but it worked.10I must know how to care for others and try not to _(understand) them.11You have done well and made great achievement in the _(entertain) field.1 2 T h e s e p e op l e h av e m a d e g re a t _(contribute) to China with their work.rudelysoftenmisunderstandentertainmentcontributions (二二)閱讀下列短文，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式閱讀下列短文，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空填空。Children are said to be gifts from God for parents.Therefore，most parents are 1._(thank)for this great gift；they sacrifice f o r t h e i r c h i l d r e n w i t h o u t a n y 2._(hesitate)My friend，Tom，was born with 3._(disable)from birth and can only move in a wheelchair.His parents devote all their love to him although most of their friends and 4._(connect)try to persuade them to give birth to one more child，who may at least ensure their thankfulhesitationdisabilityconnections 5._(happy)in their later years.Many 6._(difficult)are involved in looking after a disabled child，but Toms parents make every effort to make sure he can live as happy a life as any normal child.It is their devotion and 7._(self)love that makes Tom an active，8._(confidence)boy and one of the 9._(good)students at school.Toms story is one of the moving stories about children and parents.No one can deny(否認(rèn)否認(rèn))that parents happinessdifficultiesselflessconfidentbest are the ones who love us most and deserve our 10._(deep) love.As children，we should always be grateful to their love and be ready to love them in return.deepest