1. Most cities in the country have introduced "Clean Air Zones" (whereby) factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel. 2. He knows that the (pursuit) of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort. 3. The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to (inhibit) the spread of the disease. 4. We see many special education directors trying to (maintain) the quality of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff. 5. People there are told it is their (patriotic) duty to support the national economy by buying their own products. 6. Darwins thinking both drew upon and (transcended) the conventional ideas of his time. 7. In spite of all your (endeavors) , there may be times when you encounter difficulties in the training process. 8. My advice to Mr. Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career in medicine, as this is a field which requires a lot of (dedication) and long working hours. 9. Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions that are stable and could bring (prestige) and economic benefits. 10. It is legally possible for an elderly person to (nominate) someone to act for them, should they become incapable of looking after themselves. 1. When Francis got back after Easter, he was far behind his classmates and he was (removed from) the second into the third class at his own desire. 2. The president acknowledged that he had somehow (failed in) his ability to communicate to the American people. 3. Unfortunately, as history has shown, some of the companies are guilty of misconduct (in the pursuit of) profit. 4. The ship (deviated from) the agreed voyage and arrived about 10 days late and in the meantime the price of sugar had fallen and the merchants lost over 4,000. 5. Because the transcript is still under seal, the law (1) (precludes) them (2) (from) reading and discussing the evidence in detail. 6. In carrying out the plan we are likely to come across difficulties, but we are determined to (triumph over) them all. 7. Without increasing investment in education, it will be increasingly difficult for low-income people to (work their way into) the middle class. 8. All the passengers in the plane that crashed in the middle of the Andes Mountains a week ago were (written off) as dead. 1. Kids are more likely to (intervene) in a situation if they believe their parents expect them to help. 2. The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to (underestimate) the degree of difficulty I would face in career advancement. 3. Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began to (recede) . 4. Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I (deem) it a great honor if I could study in your department. 5. During one particularly (bleak) moment in my career, a senior colleague of mine said to me, "If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and youll lose your dreams." 6. Unless we can find a way to (appraise) nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse. 7. The blizzard (暴風(fēng)雪) moved south, turning into an icy rain that (paralyzed) the airports for three days. 8. In this introduction we have diagnosed some of the causes of the illness and, in the following chapters, we will draw attention to its various unpleasant (symptoms) . 9. In those days, divorce under any circumstances was socially unacceptable and there was great (dismay) in the family who went through it. 10. Every time she talked about being rejected in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the (brink) of tears, and I would quickly switch the conversation to another topic. 1. When the bus (pulled to a stop) and I got off, I was relieved because I had finished school and I had the weekend ahead of me to enjoy myself. 2. When my car crashed into the big tree, I could feel the blood draining from my face and I wondered whether I was about to (black out) . 3. All kinds of questions concerning the soaring housing price begin to (pop up) on cable television and the blogosphere (博客圈). 4. The soldiers rapid march was (stopped short) by the generals command; they were uncertain whether to go back or forward. 5. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control and (plowed through) a hedge (樹籬). 6. Charles reappeared, after half an hours absence, and (threw himself into) an armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut. 7. You may be out of work but that is no reason to (let yourself go) by not washing, brushing your hair and wearing clean clothes. 8. As her door began to open, she (grabbed for) the telephone, and then dropped the receiver as Luke walked in. 1. As a number of authors point out, the urge to migrate is a(n) (integral) part of human nature. 2. Children should be allowed to (cherish) those few years of innocence before they have to learn the truth about the real world. 3. He has been (afflicted) by a horrible disease, from which one of his best friends died two weeks ago. 4. The results of the survey are (noteworthy) and useful despite being from a small sample. 5. The director said that they needed a young actress who could (portray) someone who was both unbalanced and confident at the same time. 6. Praise must be used wisely to (compliment) students who perform up to expectations and to encourage students to perform to maximum levels. 7. In the (domain) of research, it is an accepted fact that scientific publications have to be written or translated into English to get published, acknowledged, and cited. 8. He received a(n) (anonymous) call threatening to disclose details of his affair if he didnt pay the money. 9. The movie presents Lincoln as a strong-willed, (conscientious) man who led the US through a moral, constitutional and political crisis. 10. It is understandable that the health and welfare of their family is a(n) (perpetual) concern for this young couple. 1. Clearly, most of the students there are full-time workers who would not otherwise have been able to (embark on) sustained further study. 2. The court ruled that this man (be deprived of) his political rights for a further four years after he has served his 13-year sentence. 3. I would love to have kids. I would (turn down) an Oscar to see my boy at a baseball game or my girl at a song recital. 4. Richard was finally released on February 4, one year and six weeks after hed been (taken captive) . 5. She hoped Vincent would understand that her life had not been empty, because her love would (live on) . 6. All people, whether they be rich or poor, strong or weak, privileged or deprived, are interdependent, and (share in) the common task of seeking to achieve mankinds full potential. 7. In September 1944 he was able to return to his academic duties, but soon after the war ended he (was stricken by) a serious illness and did relatively little research thereafter (從那以后). 8. She retired from the company where she has (led by example) and been a source of encouragement to others. 1. Although secondary education is (compulsory) , parents are not required to send their children to state schools. 2. The economic situation has been worsening, causing economists to (contemplate) whether the present policies are sustainable. 3. He was found guilty and was (imprisoned) in the Tower of London, where he died very quickly, aged only 47. 4. It is obvious that the future of the Internet is to (globalize) more and more areas of the world, and that e-commerce and e-entertainment are going to go for more and more markets. 5. However, your current losses should soon be (offset) by gains; the fund will produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine-month period. 6. Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous on her and the other girls would (groan) their envy. 7. This can be a helpful approach in discussion someone may regard you as (stubborn) since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined. 8. At weekends, the school park is almost empty except that a few cars (cluster) near the entrance. 9. In the photographers finest pictures there is also a degree of (ambiguity) , which allows them to be interpreted in a variety of ways. 10. Tim stretched out a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks and was (consoled) by a firm handshake from Mark. 1. Virginia was a perfectionist. She was just not prepared to (settle for) anything that was second best. 2. He could be quite casual in his attitude to his wifes anxiety, and (more often than not) failed to let her know when he would be back from a business trip. 3. "Youll kill yourself with those things," Arty said in a tone in which disappointment was (mingled with) disgust. 4. Thanks to modern transportation, agricultural products in these remote mountainous regions can also be (traded for) other goods. 5. As the market (was saturated with) a wide variety of goods, the economy became more balanced and the competition forced the prices down. 6. Going with the flow doesnt mean that we dont know where were going; it means that we (are open to) multiple ways of getting there. 7. The athlete had been (endowed with) long legs and a persistent temperament so he was very successful. 8. The wrongly accused man asked for extra compensation to (make up for) the stress he had suffered during the case. 1. The general considered all the information that had been gathered and (gauged) what possible moves the enemy might make before issuing his orders. 2. The new president said she would (dedicate) herself to protecting the rights of the old and the homeless, who are otherwise helpless and vulnerable. 3. Cell phone conversations, which are fairly (commonplace) on commuter trains, can be annoying to fellow commuters. 4. Ask your doctor whether a low-fat diet and a daily walk will (suffice) to reduce your high blood pressure. 5. The (revenue) from tourism is the biggest single contribution to GDP in the Maldives; every year many tourists from all corners of the world spend their holidays there. 6. Since the beginning of this century, China has built many modern conference centers with underground parking, air-conditioning and (simultaneous) translation systems. 7. While advertising offers a stimulus (刺激) to buy, sales promotion offers a(n) (incentive) to buy, but consumers must have their own reason to buy. 8. In general, smokers living in cities are slightly more (prone) to lung cancer than smokers who are living in the country. 9. A large proportion of important (innovations) are brought about by people who step outside of conventional categories or traditional assumptions. 10. The habit of going to coffee houses was (fostered) by the citys relatively small size, safe streets, good public transportation, and moderate climate. 1. The results of this experiment do not (correlate with) those of the studies that the team of scientists had conducted previously. 2. It was a moment of overwhelming excitement when Steve was given the first prize; Tiffany couldnt (refrain from) hugging and kissing him. 3. As we (count down) to tonights presidential debate, its time to go over the political agendas which the candidates are trying to promote. 4. She spent the next 10 years taking in washing, (slaving away) to pay back the money they had borrowed from the bank. 5. Indeed, it seems that the upward shift in the rate of economic growth in the mid-1990s (coincided with) a sudden, substantial and rapid decline in the prices of computers. 6. As Crawford (contended with) heartbreak in his private life, his career soared to greater heights than he could have ever dreamed of. 7. I am assuming that you have adequate health insurance, but someone should (be designated as) successor to take over your financial and domestic affairs if you become unable to cope with them yourself. 8. Formal consent for this new type of treatment was obtained from each patient and the study (conformed to) our institutions guidelines concerning medical ethics (倫理). Where there is a will, there is a way. This proverb means that if you are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will (1)(eventually) find a way to do it well. The (2)(premier) point is that you must have the will to achieve success.Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact that there is no strong will involved. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any (3)(endeavor) to achieve it. So, instead of getting it, they use the poorest excuse to explain the situation away.On many occasions, people tend to (4)(bypass) every minute obstacle, making the objective impossible to attain. In reality, if they have the will to succeed, they can get rid of the (5)(handicaps) and achieve their goals.Only those with a(n) (6)(committed) and focused will and spirit can fight their way to final victory. Many a famous man has the same experience. They have (7)(attained) their prestige because they have had the will to (8)(transcend) apparently insuperable (無法克服的) obstacles. Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors have managed to succeed because they possess a fierce will, which has helped them to accomplish major (9)(feats). Therefore, we can see that the main thing which one needs is a strong will. Weak-willed people never climb to the top. They collapse at the (10)(slightest) use of force against them. Strong-willed people, on the other hand, will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succeed. Social anxiety symptoms often begin during adolescence. Its a developmental process that is (1)(characterized) by profound psychological changes, especially in terms of how we relate to others. One of the most frustrating (2)(aspects) of the adolescent years is the tendency for self-focus and a decrease in the (3)(amount) of focus we have for the feelings and needs of others.While these changes are fairly universal, those of us who were born with a shy temperament (性格) can carry the adolescent fears, which may never (4)(recede) , into adulthood. An anxious temperament causes our brains to react forcibly when (5)(exposed) to the stress of sudden awareness of our peers and gradually we become more and more vulnerable. Our brains label the fear of exposure or embarrassment as highly dangerous. This may result in a(n) (6)(vicious) circle for many years: excessive self-consciousness and inhibition when you feel you are being observed.To cope with the problem, I would like to (7)(challenge) you to strive for increased focus on other people, in place of your (8)(excessive) focus on yourself. Yes, I know, this is easier said than done. The fear may cause you to feel that you will lose control or make a fool of yourself when you are in the spotlight (聚光燈). But if you begin to build a new response, in (9)(reaction) to your fears, you will gradually build up a stronger and more positive response. Remember, dont let self-consciousness (10)(paralyze) you! Be courageous! Unit 3Audrey Hepburn was a beautiful actress and model, who became one of the most successful and well-known actresses in the film (1)(domain).She was a fashion icon and role model for women all over the world, helping to (2)(define) a particular type of fresh, vulnerable, elfin (小精靈似的) beauty. Todays (3)(popularity) of the slim fashion model is due to Audrey Hepburns influence. Although she appeared frail (脆弱的), she was (4)(mentally) strong. At the end of her acting career when she entered a(n) (5)(diplomatic) career as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, she was so solidly (6)(committed) to her cause that she was held in highest esteem (尊重) by even the most hardened politicians. Audrey originally started working for UNICEF in 1954, doing radio presentations. She always said it was happy to (7)(devote) her life to helping impoverished (窮困的) children after her own good fortune in (8)(surviving) the hardship of the Nazi occupation of Holland. She began her permanent ambassadorship in 1988 and (9)(embarked) on trips to many countries. She was always positive: "People in these places dont know Audrey Hepburn, but they recognize the name UNICEF. When they see UNICEF their faces light up, because they know that something is happening." In 1992, her (10)(humanitarian) work with those in need was recognized when she was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for her contribution to humanity. Unit 4"Why would you leave behind your comfortable bed, your home, your family and friends? Why do you want to go alone?" When you are living out of a backpack for a period of time, you may often get questioned why. I seldom get time to sit down and (1)(contemplate) the reason I travel, but I believe that you only begin to truly live once you step outside of your (2)(comfort) zone.My first overseas trip was at 14 years old, which (3)(sparked) my curiosity for the world. Since finishing high school I have (4)(ventured) through various countries and been amazed by all the (5)(diverse) cultures scattered around the globe. My eyes are my greatest asset as they have (6)(witnessed) the most beautiful scenes that replay in my mind every day: (7)(stunning) landscapes, friendly locals, breath-taking architecture, and food that makes your mouth water once your eyes catch a(n) (8)(glimpse).Traveling teaches you to be independent in the most (9)(positive) way. I know how to depend on myself, go out and meet people, and not let anyone elses expectations (10)(dictate) my life. Every day I see my dream and every day its in a new place. I am 22 years young. I quite agree with Anthony Bourdain, "If youre 22, physically fit, hungry to learn and be better, I urge you to travel. Find out how other people live and eat and cook. Learn from them, wherever you go." Unit 5In a study conducted in the UK, it was found that only four out of every five (1)(employees) were happy at work. Surprisingly, contrary to popular (2)(notion), friendly, supportive colleagues and a good manager, instead of the salary or the love for the work, have been found to be the (3)(primary) causes of happiness at work. So, how do you keep your spirits up and, at the same time, (4)(foster) a sense of joy on the job? Here is one of the tips to help you on your way to finding happiness and complete job satisfaction in the workplace. Start with a positive outlook. Happiness is a state of mind; it (5)(reflects) an attitude, though not many people realize it. Staying happy at work is totally based on your (6)(motivations) and on a positive outlook toward your job, not on (7)(monetary) rewards or material gain. Dwelling on (老是想著) the good (8)(aspects) of the work rather than rattling on and on (對(duì).喋喋不休) about what makes you unhappy is the basic key to happiness. Negativity and (9)(gossiping) about bad things may be easy, but it is looking at the bright side that makes for the challenging part of a job. As Francesca Reigler puts it, "Happiness is an attitude. We either make ourselves (10)(miserable), or happy and strong. The amount of work is the same."閱讀理解Unit 1 Unit 5 Text B 其中一篇翻譯Unit 1英譯漢Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this communitys values and practices.世界公民是指一個(gè)人承認(rèn)自己是新興的全球社區(qū)的一分子，而且其行動(dòng)對(duì)全