動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中用動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中用法靈活，作用很大，是中考法靈活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查項(xiàng)目之一，大中重要的考查項(xiàng)目之一，大家一定要學(xué)好吆！家一定要學(xué)好吆！肯定式：肯定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形否定式：否定式：not to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(to是不定式符號，無意義，有時(shí)是不定式符號，無意義，有時(shí)可以不帶可以不帶)(一一) 基本形式基本形式 on the way to school on the way to see a filmI want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32.Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?They began to read and write.He is used to getting up early. 你知道你知道 是不是不定式還是介詞定式還是介詞? ?to 不定式之前的不定式之前的to與介詞與介詞to不同。介詞不同。介詞to之后之后要跟名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語作賓語；而要跟名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語作賓語；而不定式不定式to之后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。之后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。介詞介詞to: toto: to+ +名詞名詞/ /代詞代詞/ /動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式to: to+to: to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 （二）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（二）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、特征，因此在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。1、不定式作主語、不定式作主語To see is to believe.(眼見為實(shí)）眼見為實(shí)）To learn English well is important.=Its important to learn English well. 口語中，常用作形式主語，而把真口語中，常用作形式主語，而把真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語）后置。正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語）后置。to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形常常用用句句型型1. It take sb. some time to do sth.e.g. It took me two hours to write the letter. 2. It is + adj. + ( for/of sb. )+ to do sth. 如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，則如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，則在不定式前加一個(gè)在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語，即不定式的引起的短語，即不定式的邏輯主語。邏輯主語。e.g. Its not hard for one to do a bit of good. 在以某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞在以某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞（如（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表語時(shí)，不定式之前常加一個(gè)引起等）作表語時(shí)，不定式之前常加一個(gè)引起的短語，說明不定式指的是誰的情況。的短語，說明不定式指的是誰的情況。e.g. Its kind of you to help me. Its not polite of him to speak to old people like that.2 2、不定式作賓語、不定式作賓語Vt.(及物動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞）+ + to do sth. (2) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語其后又有補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語其后又有補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式后置。作形式賓語，而把不定式后置。(think, feel) I found it difficult to learn physics.I want to buy a computer.She hopes to find a better job.I wish to go with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to doforget to do remember to do like to dostop to do go on to do3. 3. 用作賓語補(bǔ)足語：用作賓語補(bǔ)足語：(V. + SB. + TO DO )(V. + SB. + TO DO )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do 常用省去常用省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有詞有：“一感（一感（feel）、二聽（）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（）、三讓（make, let, have）、四看）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”Please listen to me sing this song again.You must watch me carefully do everything.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞help之后的不定式既可省之后的不定式既可省to也可不省也可不省to。He often helps (to) clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.注意：感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞后不定式省注意：感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞后不定式省to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。They are made to work for 12 hours a day.He was heard to speak in the next room.3.3.不定式作表語不定式作表語It seems to be an interesting book.Her dream is to be a policeman.4.4.不定式作定語不定式作定語 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，作后置定語。代詞之后，作后置定語。 I want to get something to read during the holiday. We have a lot work to do . She is the first person to think of the idea. Theres nothing for us to worry about. 動(dòng)詞不定式位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后作狀語，可作動(dòng)詞不定式位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后作狀語，可作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語。目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語。 5 5、不定式作狀語、不定式作狀語She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）（目的）She is too young to go to school.（結(jié)果）（結(jié)果）He runs fast enough to catch a horse. We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.（四）學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式注意（四）學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式注意 1、疑問詞、疑問詞 + + 不定式不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) “疑問詞疑問詞 + 不定式不定式”構(gòu)成不定式短語在句子中可作主語、賓構(gòu)成不定式短語在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，常?？捎脕砗喕瘡木洹ＵZ、表語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句，常?？捎脕砗喕瘡木?。 How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I really dont know what to write about.(=what I should write about)I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well) 2、不定式的否定、不定式的否定不定式的否定是在不定式之前加上不定式的否定是在不定式之前加上not.He asked me not to make any noise.Tell him not to play on the street.不可不記不可不記3、不定式的被動(dòng)式、不定式的被動(dòng)式 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.This is a day never to be forgotten.EXERCISES:1. - Youve done very well this time. - Its really kind _.A. for you to say so B. for you saying soC. of you to say so D. of you saying so2. It is better to lose ones life than _.A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spiritC. to lose ones spiritD. your spirit getting lostCC3. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. what to chooseD. to choose which4. The bag is too heavy for me _.A. to carry itB. not to carry itC. to carryD. not to carry5. The teacher will teach him _.A. to useB. use itC. how to use itD. usesBCC動(dòng)動(dòng)名名詞詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成常用用法常用用法其他用法其他用法1.1.作主語作主語Watching TV is very interesting.Working on the farm has a lot of fun.不定式作主語不定式作主語2. 作表語作表語His job is _. (teach English)His job today is to watching flowers in the garden.teaching English3.作賓語作賓語Would you mind turning down the music?mind cant help doing sth.finish be used to doing sth.enjoy look forward to doing sth.keep be good at doing sth.have fun doing sth.be proud of doing sth其他用法其他用法1.簡短的揭示語簡短的揭示語No smoking.No parking.No drinking.No littering.2. 常用句式常用句式 1. have some trouble (in) doing sth.2.There is no need waiting.3. There be +n. +doing sth There is a truck collecting rubbish.分分詞詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞分類分類用法用法Sth +be exciting/ interesting/ boringSb +be excited/ interested/ boredhave sth done(過去分詞過去分詞）I have my hair cut.