第38課 日常交際用語 要點梳理 1. 打招呼(Greeting) (1)一般打招呼用語 Hello！Good morning (afternoon, evening) (2)初次見面打招呼用語 How do you do？ / Glad to meet you. (3)有一段時間沒見面的熟人打招呼用語 How are you ? Im fine, thanks. (4)認識但不常見面的人打招呼用語 Hows everything going？ / How are you getting on? Pretty well. / Very well. / Everything is OK. / Not too bad. 對于不認識想要叫他(她)停下來 Hey, sir(madam)/ Just a moment, sir(madam) 2. 告別(Saying Goodbye) (1)告別前用語 Im afraid I must be off. Im afraid I have to leave. Well, Its getting late. (2)對告別前用語的回答 Thank you for coming. (3)告別用語 Goodbye！/ Bye！/ See you. / See you later. Byebye! Good night.晚安！ Have a pleasant journey！/ Wish you a pleasant journey. Dont forget to give me a ring. / Remember to give me a ring. (4)對告別用語的回答 Goodbye！/ Good night! You too. / The same to you. Take care!3. 介紹他人(Introducing people)I want to introduce.Id like you to meet.Let me introduce you to.By the way, do you know.?對介紹的應答How do you do？/ Im pleased to know you. / Very glad to meet you. / Nice to meet you. / Its a pleasure to meet you. 4. 詢問國籍、籍貫，姓名及職業(yè)時的常用語 Where are you from ？/ Are you from American/Britain. ? Who are you？/ Whats your name？ What do you do？/ Whats your job? What do you want to do/be when you grow up？ / What are you going to be? 5. 談論天氣(Talking about weather) How is the weather today？/ Whats the weather like today? Its sunny / rainy / snowy / windy. (Its raining / snowing.) Its warm and windy in spring. Its very cold / hot today, isnt it? Its a cold day！/ What a cold day! Its getting warmer. 6. 談論時間和日期(Talking about time and date) What time is it？/ Whats the time? Its 7 00 / a quarter to seven / ten past seven. What day is it? Its Tuesday. Whats the date? Its October 30. Whats today? Friday, the 24th. 7. 談論頻率(Talking about frequency) I always wash the dishes after supper. I usually go to school by bus. I never eat onions. Sometimes I ride my bike. How often do you watch TV? Twice a day. / Once a week. 8. 談論愛好(Talking about Hobbies.) (1)詢問對方的業(yè)余愛好 What are your hobbies? What do you often do in your free / spare time? What are your favorite sports? Do you like drawing / playing chess.? What are you interested in after work? (2)敘述自己的愛好 My hobby is. I enjoy watching TV / listening to music. I like / lovecollecting stamps / fishing. I find.very interesting. My favorite.is / are. I like.best. (3)表示厭惡 I dont like(to). I hate(to). I dont enjoy sth. / doing sth. (4)表示偏愛 I prefer A to B. 我喜歡A甚過喜歡B。 would rather do.表示“寧愿做” 9. 表達喜悅 / 恐懼(Expressing Happiness / fear) How wonderful / nice! Thats nice / lovely / great / wonderful! Im so happy / glad / pleased (to.) Its well done. Help! How terrible! Im scared!10. 表達希望和愿望表達希望和愿望(Expressing hope and wish)I hope that.He hopes to.11. 感謝與應答(Thanks and responses)Thank you. / Thanks. / Thank you very much. / Thank you so much. / Thanks a lot.Youre kind!Thank you all the same. Youre welcome. / Not at all. / Dont mention it. / Its my pleasure. / Thats all right. 12. 祝愿與祝賀(Wishes and Congratulations) (1)當某人取得成功時。 Well done! Congratulations (to you)! (2)當某人外出旅行時。 Good luck with your trip! Have a good trip / journey. I wish you a good trip / journey. / Good trip to you. / Nice journey to you. Have a nice / pleasant / wonderful time. I wish you a nice / pleasant / wonderful time. Have fun! Enjoy yourself / yourselves! (3)當某人生日時 Happy birthday to you！ Thank you! (4)當某人即將做某事時 Good luck (to you)！(I wish you success！) (5)上述幾點中祝愿(賀)的回答可用： Thanks. / Thank you. / Thanks a lot. 或Its kind of you to say so. (6)在公共節(jié)日里 Happy New Year (to you)! 新年快樂！ Thanks. The same to you！(Happy New Year to you, too！) 謝謝！您也一樣！(也祝您新年快樂！) 13. 表揚與鼓勵(Praise and encouragement) The gift is wonderful！/ Your dress is beautiful! These. are beautiful! Beijing is great! You speak English very well! Very good! Good work！/ Well done！/ Wonderful！/ Excellent！ Keep trying！ You can do it. Come on! 14. 表示遺憾、同情的交際用語 (1)表遺憾時 be afraid (that). Its a pity (that). What a pity! (2)表同情時 Im sorry to hear. 15. 提醒和警告(Reminding and warning) (1)祈使句表示提醒、禁止和警告。 Look out！/ Be careful！/ Take care！/ Danger！ / Slow down！/ Entrance / Exit！/ Stop! (2)下列句型也可用來表示警告： Dont do sth.or. If you.youll. (3)以否定祈使句或“Noing” 表示提醒、禁止和警告。 Dont feed the animals! Dont forget to water your plant! Dont smoke！/ Dont be late！/ Dont take pictures here! No smoking / parking！/ No spitting! (4)用cant/mustnt 表示禁止和警告。 16. 道歉和應答(Apologize and responses) (1)表達道歉 Pardon? Excuse me! I beg your pardon. Im sorry / Sorry. Sorry, I wont. (2)回答別人的道歉的應答語 Thats all right / OK. It doesnt matter. / Thats nothing. / Never mind. No problem. / Dont worry about it! 17. 同意與不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(1)完全同意Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. / All right. / OK. / No problem.Yes, please. / Yes, I think so. / Thats true.Thats a good idea. / I agree(with you)/ Im sure youre right.(2)不同意(Disagree)No, I dont think so. / I dont agree(with you) / I cant really agree with you.Im afraid not. / Of course not. / No way. 18. 邀請與應答(Invitation and responses) (1)用一般疑問句形式 Will / Would / Can / Could you come to.? Would you like to.? Yes, Id like (love) to. Yes, its very kind/nice of you (to invite me) (2)用陳述句形式 I like sb. to do sth. / Id like you to come to. Id like (love) to, but Im very busy. Id love to，.but Im afraid. Thank you for inviting me. Its very kind of you to invite me, but Im busy. 19. 請求允許(Asking for permission) (1)Can / May / Could I.? 我可不可以？ 表允許或同意 Yes. / Sure. / Certainly. Of course, you may. Yes, do please. Thats OK. / all right. Go ahead, please. 表不允許或不同意 No, please dont. Im sorry you cant. Im sorry, but. Youd better not. (2)would you mind my / me.? 你介意我 表允許/不介意 No, I dont mind. Certainly not / Of course not. Not at all. 表不允許/介意 Im sorry you cant. Im afraid. Im afraid its not allowed.20. 請求(Requests)用下列疑問句表示請求及其應答。(1)用may(can, could)來表達。表示同意請求的應答：Yes ，you may(can)/ Certainly. (of course. / Sure.) / Yes, do please.注意：上述回答中can不能換成could，因為could在一般疑問句中表示委婉的請求，而在肯定句中，則無此功能。表示不同意請求的應答：No, you mustnt. / No, you cant. No, youd better not. / Please dont. / Sorry, Im afraid not.(2)用Would.? Will.? Would (Will) you please.？/ Would you like.? 來表達。表示同意請求的應答：Yes, Id like to. (Yes, Id love to. Yes, Ill be glad to.) / With pleasure.注意：上述回答中介詞to均不能省略。表示不同意請求的應答：Id like (love) to, but Im busy. / Im sorry, but Im busy. / Im afraid not. / Id really like to, but I have no time. (3)用Please.來表達。 表示同意請求的應答： OK. (All right.) / Of course. (Sure.Certainly.) / With pleasure. 表示不同意請求的應答： Im sorry, but Im busy. / Im afraid not. 21. 勸告/提建議(advice/suggestions/order) (1)表建議的用語 Would you mind opening the door? Would you like to join us? What / How about playing badminton now? Why not put off the meeting till tomorrow? Would / Could you please turn off the TV? Shall we go to the park? Lets go to school.(2)表勸告用語Wed / Youd better go now.You should.Dont push / run.Please be quiet.(3)應答建議的用語肯定回答：Yes, please. / OK. / Certainly. / Good idea. / Thats a good idea！/ What a good idea！/ All right. / Sure. / Yes, Lets. / I would be glad to. / I would like to./Yes, Id like/love to.(其中to不能省略)否定回答：No, thank you. / Sorry, we cant. / Sorry, you cant. / Sorry, but. / Sorry, Ill. / Yes, Id like (love) to, but. 22. 問路及指路(Asking and directing the way) (1)問路 Excuse me. Where is the school? Which is the way to.? Is there a.near here / in the neighborhood? How can I get to.? Can you tell me the way to the cinema? How far is it from here? (2)指路 Go along / straight / down this street. Turn right / left at the first / second crossing. Go across / past / through. Its about.meters from here. Youd better take a taxi / No. 5 bus. 23. 電話用語(Making telephone calls) Hello! This / is.speaking. Hello! May I speak to. Hold on / Wait a minute / One moment, please. Can I take a message for you? Im sorry.is not in. / at home now. Does he have your telephone number? Ill ask him to call you back. Ill ring him up again. 24. 提供幫助(Offering help) Can / Could I help you? Can / Could I do.for you? What can I do for you? Would you like some help? Would you like me to do sth. for you ? Do you want me to. ? Is there anything (else) I can do (for you)? Let me do.for you. 需要幫助 Yes, please. Thanks. Thats very kind / good / nice (of you). 謝絕幫助 No, thanks / thank you, but I can do it myself. No, I can do it, but thank you all the same. 25. 購物(Go Shopping) (1)售貨員用語 What can I do for you? May / Can I help you? How much / many would / do you like? What color / size would you like? What (How) about this one (pair)? Heres your change. (2)顧客購物用語 I want / Id like. Thats too much / expensive, Im afraid. Let me have.kilo(s) / box(es)，etc. Do you have any other kind / size / color? Thats fine. Ill take it. How much is it / are they? How much does it cost? 26. 看病(Seeing a Doctor) (1)醫(yī)生詢問病情 Whats wrong / the matter / the trouble with you? Is there anything wrong with you? Do you have a fever? Have you taken your temperature? How long have you been like this?(2)病人陳述病情Theres something wrong with my (eyes)Ive got a cough. (fever / stomachache / headache / backache / sore throat)Ive got a pain here.This place hurts.I feel terrible (bad / awful)I dont feel well. / Im not feeling well.It hurts here.I cant sleep well.I dont feel like eating anything. (3)醫(yī)生的醫(yī)囑、安慰及建議 Take this medicine three times a day, after the meal. Take 2 pills now and 2 more in 4 hours time. Its nothing serious. Youll be all right / well soon. Youd better have a good rest. Get up early and take more exercise. Eat less fat food and more vegetables. 27. 就餐(Having meals) (1)主人征求或建議對方吃什么 Would you like something to eat / drink? What would you like to have? Would you like some more.? Which do you prefer, rice or noodles? What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? (2)主人讓客人隨意用自己喜歡的食物或飲料 Help yourself / yourselves (to.) (3)客人的應答語 Id like. Just a little, please. Thank you. Ive had enough. Im full, thank you. Its delicious, but I cant eat any more. 28. 約會的交際用語 (1)詢問對方是否有空 Will you be free (tonight / tomorrow /.)? Yes, Ill be free (tonight / tomorrow.). Im afraid not. (Im afraid Im not free tonight / tomorrow.) (2)詢問約會的時間、地點 What time shall we meet? Where is the best place to meet? How about 5 pm. / tonight / tomorrow.? What about (meeting) at the gate / outside the station.? Shall we meet at 7 30 pm at the gate? Ill meet you at the theatre at 7 30 pm. Lets make it a little earlier/later.29. 語言困難( Language Difficulties)(1)當不知某個詞的發(fā)音時How do you pronounce.? (2)當不知某個詞的漢語意思時Whats the Chinese meaning of the word.？ / What does.mean in Chinese?(3)當不知某個詞的拼寫時Could / can you spell the word?(4)當沒聽清(懂)對方講話內(nèi)容時Im sorry, I didnt quite follow (catch) you. / Im afraid I didnt follow (catch)(5)當沒聽懂(清)對方所說的話或請求對方再重復時Pardon？/ Could you say that again？/ Would you please say that again？/ Would you please say that more slowly?(6)問對方是否聽懂(清)時Is that clear？/ Do you understand?(7)當不知如何表達某一意思時I dont know how to say it in English.30. 常見標志和說明(Some common signs and instructions)：BUSINESS HOURS; OFFICE HOURS; OPEN; CLOSED; PULL; PUSH; ON; OFF; ENTRANCE; EXIT; INSTRUCTIONS; FRAGILE; THIS SIDE UP; MENU; NO SMOKING; NO PARKING; NO PHOTOS; DANGER??； PLAY; STOP; PAUSE感悟中考 【例1】(2011寧波) May I speak to Annie, please? _. A. Yes, youre right B. Speaking C. Thank you D. She is fine 解析：本題考查打電話用語。May I speak to.? 的答語 應是(This is.)speaking。故選B。B 【例2】(2011杭州) Big animals can be a lot of trouble. Maybe you should get a small pet, like a goldfish. _. A. Thats all right B. Thats a good idea C. Youre welcome D. Never mind 解析：本題考查對提建議的答語。對提建議的肯定回答通常 用Thats a good idea。故選B。B 【例3】(2011湖州) Im going to Hainan with my aunt next week. _！ A. Have a good time B. Best wishes to you C. Congratulations D. Please go 解析：本題考查的是表達祝愿的交際用語。當親友外出 旅行時常用Have a good time祝愿他(們)玩得開心。 故選A。A【例4】(2011嘉興、舟山) We plan to go out for a picnic next weekend. Would you like to come along? _. Its my favourite. A. Enjoy yourself B. It doesnt matter C. Youre welcome D. That would be very nice 解析：本題考查的是對邀請的應答。上句句意“下周末我們 要去野炊，你愿意和我們一起去嗎？”此句主要表示邀請， Enjoy yourself祝你玩得開心， It doesnt matter沒關系， Youre welcome不客氣，都不符合邏輯。故選D。D 【例5】(2011紹興) Do you think you can repair the car by yourself? _. Its not the first time for me. A. Dont worry B. Hurry up C. Sorry, I cant D. Not at all 解析：本題考查的表達安慰的交際用語。問句句意：你認為 你能自己修那輛車嗎？答句中后句：這對我來說不是第一 次了?？膳袛唷癉ont worry別擔心”符合邏輯。故選A。A 【例6】(2011天津) Im sorry I broke your coffee cup. _. A. Youre welcome B. I dont know C. Youre right D. It doesnt matter 解析：本題考查對于道歉的答語。 “It doesnt matter沒關系” 符合邏輯。故選D。D 【例7】(2011鎮(zhèn)江) I am out of breath. I cant go any further. _！ I am sure you can make it. A. No problem B. What a pity C. Not bad D. Come on 解析：本題考查對別人表示鼓勵的用語。句意：我上氣不 接下氣了，我不能再走了。加油，我相信你會成功的。 No problem 沒問題；What a pity真遺憾；Not bad不壞； Come on加油。故選D。D 【例8】(2011天津) I hope youll have a good jouney. _. A. Well done B. Dont mention it C. Certainly D. Thank you very much 解析：本題考查祝愿語的答語。通常我們用“Thank you” 來回答別人對自己的祝愿。故選D。D領悟語法 單項選擇 ( )1. Im going to Hainan on vacation next week. _. (2011溫州) A . Have a good time B. Not at all C. Thank you D. I have no idea 解析：考查交際用語。Have a good time玩得高興，過得愉 快； Not at all不用謝； Thank you謝謝； I have no idea 我不知道。根據(jù)上文“我打算下星期去海南度假”，故應 為“祝你玩得高興”。故選A。A ( )2. Open the window please, Mike. _？ I didnt hear what your said. A. What B. Pardon C. Really D. All right 解析：考查交際用語Pardon？意為“再說一遍好嗎”， 通常用于沒有聽清或沒聽見對方的話。故選B。B ( )3. It is reported that it will rain hard next Sunday. _. Were planning to go boating that day. (2011黃岡) A. I dont think so B. I hope so C. Im afraid not D. I hope not 解析：考查交際用語。I dont think so 意為 “我認為不是這 樣”； I hope so 意為 “我希望如此”； Im afraid not意為 “恐怕不行”； I hope not 意為 “我希望不是這樣”。句意 為“據(jù)報道下周日有大雨。我們計劃那天去乘船?！?所以，應該是“我希望不是這樣”。故選D。D ( )4. Ill fly to Qingdao for my holiday this weekend. Wonderful! _(2011無錫) A. Why not? B. I hope so. C. With pleasure. D. Have a good time! 解析：由上句可知要去度假，故選D，意為“祝你玩的開心”。 故選D。D ( )5. Is Mr. Black ill? _. I think he will have to stay at home to have a good rest.(2011鹽城) A. I dont think so B. Im afraid not C. I hope so D. Im afraid so 解析：考查考查情景交際。從答句知Mr. Black生病了。 故選D。D ( )6. Maggie, I really love your handwriting. _.(2011蘇州) A. I practice every day B. Thank you very much C. No，I dont think so D. Well，its not good enough 解析：考查交際用語。句意：我喜歡你的書法。謝謝。 故選B。B ( )7. My recorder is broken. Could I use yours? _， but you have to return it tomorrow. (2011宿遷) A. Im not sure B. No problem C. Im sorry D. I hope so 解析：考查交際用語。A項意為“我不能確定”；B項意為“沒 問題”；C項意為“對不起； 很抱歉”；D項意為“我希望如 此” 經(jīng)常用在他人希望某事發(fā)生時，你同時也希望某事發(fā) 生。根據(jù)語境排除A、C、D，故選B。B ( )8. You never exercise. _. I walk for more than one hour every day. (2011濟寧) A. Yes, I do B. No, I dont C. Yes, I am D. No, Im not 解析：考查交際用語。exercise是實義動詞，故用do而不用am。 根據(jù)答語中的“I walk for more than one hour every day.”可 知是肯定答語。反意疑問句的回答根據(jù)事實原則。事實為肯 定的則回答yes，事實為否定的則回答no。通過后一句話可知 鍛煉。只是這里yes要翻譯成“不”。故選A。A ( )9. Well, my sons take great interest in most of the food on the menu. Thanks. _？ Yes, fried fish, beef, chips and cola, please.(2011煙臺) A. Can I do for you B. At your service C. What to follow D. Shall I take your order 解析：考查交際用語。由首句句意“我的兒子們對菜單上的 大部分食物很感興趣?！焙湍┚涞摹罢~、牛肉、炸薯條 和可樂”可知，是要點的食物?？赏茰y上句為要點菜的問 句，故選D. Shall I take your order？意為“請你點菜好嗎？”D ( )10. Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow？ _. It has rained for ten days. Its too wet everywhere. (2011煙臺) A. I hope not B. Im sure it is C. Im afraid it will D. I hope so 解析：考查交際用語。I hope not意為“我希望不是”；Im sure it is意為“我確信它是”；Im afraid it will. “恐怕它將會”； I hope so意為“我希望如此”。根據(jù)句意“你認為明天雨會停 嗎？”“它已經(jīng)下了好幾天了。天氣到處都太濕了?！焙苊黠@ 是希望明天雨停。故選D。D ( )11. I cant find my seat. Could you show me, sir? _. May I see your ticket, please? (2011臺州) A. Sure B. I agree C. Good idea D. It doesnt matter 解析：考查交際用語 Sure“當然可以”；I agree “我同意”； Good idea“好主意，好辦法”；It doesnt matter?！皼]關 系”。由句意“我找不到我的座位，你能指給我看嗎，先 生？”可知應選A。A ( )12. Everybody is playing outside. Can I join them, mom? _ Not until you have finished practicing the piano.(2011南京) A. Why not? B. Will you C. I hope so. D. Im afraid not. 解析：考查交際用語。理解句意：大家都在外面玩，我能加 入他們嗎？媽媽。你練完鋼琴才行。故用否定作答， 選D項。D ( )13. Im worried about tomorrows math exam. _. Im sure you will make it. (2011衢州) A. Bad luck B. What a pity C. Take it easy D. Dont mention it 解析：考查交際用語。Bad luck 糟糕， What a pity 多么 遺憾， Take it easy 放松一點， Dont mention it 不要提 它。根據(jù)題意：我擔心明天的數(shù)學考試。放松一點，你 會考好的。故選C。C ( )14. Which picture shows that the man is walking past the police station？(2011徐州) 解析：考查對圖片內(nèi)容的理解。A圖展示的是這個人走過警察 局，B圖展示的是此人進入警察局。問句意為“那張圖片展示 的是這個人走過警察局？”故選A。A ( )15. Its not difficult for five workers to push the broken van away. Yes, _.(2011連云港) A. When the cats away, the mice will play B. Every dog has its day C. Many hands make light work D. Dont put all your eggs in one basket 解析：考查交際用語。四個選項都屬于諺語。句意：對于 五個工人來說，把那破的貨車推開是不難的。只有C“人 多好辦事”符合題意。 C ( )16. Were organizing a party next Saturday, and Id like you to come. _！ I have a meeting to attend that day. Thank you all the same.(2011揚州) A. Good luck B. What a pity C. Never do it again D. Well done 解析：考查交際用語。根據(jù)句意：“真是太遺憾了，那天 我有個會要參加，”故選B。B ( )17. Big animals can be a lot of trouble. Maybe you should get a small pet, like a goldfish. _.(2011杭州) A. Thats all right B. Thats a good idea C. Youre welcome D. Never mind 解析：考查交際用語。Thats all right 和Youre welcome 意義均為“謝謝”，Never mind 意為“不介意”。根據(jù)句 意應回答“好主意”。故選B。B ( )18. Im sorry. That wasnt of much help. _. And it was most helpful.(2011南京) A. Thanks anyway B. It doesnt matter C. Of course not D. Sure it was 解析：考查交際用語。理解句意，對方所述事項表示肯定， 故選D。D ( )19. Look at the pictures below. _ means that this way is for a person to run away from danger. (2011包頭) 解析：考查安全知識。只有A標志意為“從危險中逃離的 方法”，故選A。A( )20. If you have any trouble, be sure to call me. _. (2010眉山) A. I am sorry to hear that B. I will. Thank you very much C. I have no trouble D. I will think it over 解析：考查對于別人提供的幫助表示感謝用語。上文 “如果你有任何麻煩，一定要打電話給我?！贝鹫Z可 為“我會的。謝謝?！惫蔬xB。 B完成考點跟蹤訓練 38