第37課 定語(yǔ)從句 要點(diǎn)梳理 中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在定語(yǔ)從句的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)系詞的用法上，重點(diǎn)是由that, which, who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 .定語(yǔ)從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主句中的名詞或代詞的從句中作定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)取決于先行詞的人稱和數(shù)。 定語(yǔ)從句一般位于先行詞的后面，定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞who或關(guān)系副詞等引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞例句例句that在從句中作在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物指物(1)A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))(2)The noodles(that) I cooked were delicious.(作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))指人指人(1)Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))(2)The girl(that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister.(作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)).關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法which 在從在從句中作主語(yǔ)句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物指物(1)They planted trees which didnt need much water.(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))(2)The fish(which) we ate yesterday was cooked by Jims sister.(作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))who在從句在從句中作主語(yǔ)或中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，whom在從在從句中作賓語(yǔ)句中作賓語(yǔ)指人指人(1)The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))(2)The foreigner(who) you talked to yesterday is from Canada.(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))(3)The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr Li.(作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ))(4)Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.(作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)) 1who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 如：Were looking for a thief who liked stealing parrots and necklaces. 我們正在找一個(gè)喜歡偷鸚鵡和項(xiàng)鏈的賊。 Is that the man(who) you are looking for？ 這個(gè)人是你正在找的嗎？ 2whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。 如：Do you know the woman(whom) we met at the gate？ 你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T(mén)口碰到的女人嗎？ 3whose(所有格)，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。 如：What is the name of the boy whose father is a railway worker？ 爸爸在火車站工作的那個(gè)男孩叫什么名字？ 4which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。 如：The book(which) Miss Zhao gave us last week is called The Great Escape. 上周趙女士給我的書(shū)叫大逃亡。 5關(guān)系代詞whom, which在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面。 如：This is the room in which we lived last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆块g。 This is the room which we lived in last year. 但含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不可拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。 如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 護(hù)士們正照顧著的嬰兒們很健康。 6that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)其用法與which大致相同。 如：This is the present that my grandfather gave me for Christmas. 這是我爺爺給我的圣誕禮物。 但當(dāng)that在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面，此時(shí)that可以省略。 如：The village(that) she lives in is twenty kilometers away. 她住的村莊有20公里遠(yuǎn)。 7在下列情況下，只能用that引導(dǎo)， 不能用which引導(dǎo)。 (1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, any, few, something, much, little, the one, anything, everything, nothing等代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。 如：Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有我可以幫你做的事嗎？ (2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the book store. 這是書(shū)店里賣出去的最有趣的書(shū)之一。 (3)當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時(shí)。 如：My necklace is not the only thing that is missing. 我的項(xiàng)鏈不是唯一丟失的東西。 (4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我們被我們所參觀的學(xué)校及老師們深深感動(dòng)了。 8在下列情況中，只能用who(whom)引導(dǎo)，而不用that。 (1)當(dāng)先行詞all, any或其合成詞和a few指人時(shí)。 如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何違法的都會(huì)受到懲罰。 (2)先行詞為that, this, those 或these且指人時(shí)。 如：Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall. 那些還沒(méi)買(mǎi)著票的人擁擠在候車廳里。 (3)當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中用who或whom引導(dǎo)均可，但如直接位于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whom。 如：The guest(who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl. 我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine, among whom was my old classmate. 我遇見(jiàn)了幾位朋友，其中一位是我的老同學(xué)。 .關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法 1when表示時(shí)間，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞(如time, day, hour, year等)。 如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。 2where表示地點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞(如place, room, house, street, area等)。 如：This is the place where my mother was born. 這是我母親出生的地方。 Is this the room where we were living last winter？ 這就是我們?nèi)ツ甓熳∵^(guò)的房間嗎？ 3why表示原因，常用在先行詞reason后面。 如：I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 我不知道為什么她今天看上去不愉快。 The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他為什么那樣說(shuō)的理由是十分清楚的。感悟中考 【例1】(2011杭州) Who is the man _ is reading a book over there? A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞the man指人，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)為 that。故選A。A 【例2】(2011黃崗) Who is your new head teacher this semester? The woman _ is wearing a red skirt. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞the woman指人，關(guān)系代詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，故選B。B 【例3】(2011天津) John is the boy _ legs were badly hurt in the accident. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞the boy指人，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句與legs組成的雙腳。故選A。A 【例4】(2011揚(yáng)州) One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. A. what B. who C. that D/ 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞places指物，故選C。C 【例5】(2011黃石) Do you know the kid with _ Bob is talking over there? Yes, its my cousin. A. who B. that C. 不填 D. whom 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞the kid指人，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句 中充當(dāng)介詞with的賓語(yǔ)，故選D。D 【例6】(2011濱州) I hate people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A . who B. which C. whose D. where 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞people指人，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。故選A。A 【例7】(2011菏澤) I ll never forget the day _ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我將不會(huì)忘記那一天，在這一 天這個(gè)偉大的科學(xué)家來(lái)到了我們的學(xué)校并給我們發(fā)表了演 講。先行詞the day指時(shí)間，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。C 【例8】(2010常州) They want to develop a kind of dogfriendly food _ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A. who B. what C. which D. whether 解析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是“food”，指物，關(guān)系代詞 用which，故選C。C領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法 .單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. Who is the man _ is reading a book over there？ (2011杭州) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那邊正在讀書(shū)的人是誰(shuí)？ 先行詞man指人，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，用that。whose做 從句的定語(yǔ)。which做引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，先行詞必須指物。 故選A。A ( )2. I hate those _ dont help others when they are in trouble.(2011河源) A. who B. which C. what D. where 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境先行詞 those指代人。故選A。A ( )3. Where did you go last week？ I went to Zhang Aipings hometown and visited the house_he was born in. (2011達(dá)州) A. that B. there C. who D. whose 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)意：上個(gè)星期你 去哪了？我去了張愛(ài)萍的家鄉(xiāng)，參觀了她出生的地方。 先行詞“that”修飾“house”，故選A。A ( )4. I hear that Lilys brother is a worker here. Look, the man _ is working over there is her brother.(2011四川) A. who B. whom C. what D. which 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。who “代替人”作主語(yǔ)或者 賓語(yǔ)；whom “代替人”作賓語(yǔ)；what不用于賓語(yǔ)從句； which“代替物”作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)；先行詞為人， 在從句中 作主語(yǔ)。 故選A。A ( )5. Have you read the book _ is about the moon？ (2011清遠(yuǎn)) A. what B. it C/ D. which 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞為the book名詞， 用which代替。it 和what不能作定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 故選D。D ( )6. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. (2011河南) A . what B. which C. when D. who 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。該句的先行詞為the discussion，故用 which做關(guān)系代詞，在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。故選B。B ( )7. I cant forget the time _the earthquake happened in Yushu.(2011湖南) A. when B. which C. where 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。the time表時(shí)間，故選A。A ( )8. The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.(2011廣東) A. which B. that C. why D. who 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句that的用法。在定語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)先行詞是 不定代詞all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, thing時(shí)，不定代詞用that。故選B。B ( )9. Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句that的用法。當(dāng)先行詞是由人與物組成 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。故選C。C ( )10. Is there anyone here _ name is Betty? Sorry, I dont know.(2011呼和浩特) A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞anyone 是人，在定語(yǔ)從句中 做name的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。D.根據(jù)上下文，填入所需關(guān)系代詞或介詞 I want to tell you about where I live. I love it and its easy to get around. I have everything I need nearby. My house is opposite the park I spend most of my weekends. Sometimes we go to the cinema is on the other side of the park. There is a great shopping center next to the cinema. thatin whichwhich/that提高題提高題 My mother works in the bank is between the shopping center and the noodle bar. After school, I often sit in the noodle bar and wait for her to finish work. The people work in the bar are very friendly to me. And when I want to post you a letter, I walk to the post office is on the corner, next to the drug store. Sometimes my mother and I go to the bookstore round the corner from the post office before heading home across the park.that/whichwhothat/which完成考點(diǎn)跟蹤訓(xùn)練 37